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Quadro

Quadro DIV Vpro VR3
Release date	January 1, 2000; 24 years ago (2000-01-01)
Discontinued	October 5, 2020; 3 years ago (2020-10-05)
History
Successor	Nvidia RTX

Quadro was Nvidia's brand for graphics cards intended for use in workstations running professional computer-aided design (CAD), computer-generated imagery (CGI), digital content creation (DCC) applications, scientific calculations and machine learning from 2000 to 2020.

Quadro-branded graphics cards differed from the mainstream GeForce lines in that the Quadro cards included the use of ECC memory and enhanced floating point precision. These are desirable properties when the cards are used for calculations which require greater reliability and precision compared to graphics rendering for video games.

The Nvidia Quadro product line directly competed with AMD's Radeon Pro (formerly FirePro/FireGL) line of professional workstation graphics cards.^[2]

Nvidia has since moved away from the Quadro branding for new products, starting with the Turing architecture-based RTX 4000 released on November 13, 2018 and then phasing it out entirely with launch of the Ampere architecture-based RTX A6000 on October 5, 2020.^[3] To indicate the upgrade to the Nvidia Ampere architecture for their graphics cards technology, Nvidia RTX is the product line being produced and developed moving forward for use in professional workstations.

History

The Quadro line of GPU cards emerged in an effort towards market segmentation by Nvidia.^{[citation needed]} In introducing Quadro, Nvidia was able to charge a premium for essentially the same graphics hardware in professional markets, and direct resources to properly serve the needs of those markets.^{[dubious – discuss]} To differentiate their offerings, Nvidia used driver software and firmware to selectively enable features vital to segments of the workstation market, such as high-performance anti-aliased lines and two-sided lighting,^[4] in the Quadro product.^{[citation needed]} These features were of little value to the gamers that Nvidia's products already sold to, but their lack prevented high-end customers from using the less expensive products. The Quadro line also received improved support through a certified driver program.^{[citation needed]}

There are parallels between the market segmentation used to sell the Quadro line of products to workstation (DCC) markets and the Tesla line of products to engineering and HPC markets.

In a settlement of a patent infringement lawsuit between SGI and Nvidia, SGI acquired rights to speed-binned Nvidia graphics chips which they shipped under the VPro product label. These designs were completely separate from the SGI Odyssey based VPro products initially sold on their IRIX workstations which used a completely different bus. SGI's Nvidia-based VPro line included the VPro V3 (Geforce 256), VPro VR3 (Quadro), VPro V7 (Quadro2 MXR), and VPro VR7 (Quadro2 Pro).^[5][6]

Quadro SDI

Actual extra cards only for Quadro 4000 cards and higher:

• SDI Capture:^[7]
• SDI Output:^[8]

Quadro Plex

Quadro Plex consists of a line of external servers for rendering videos. A Quadro Plex contains multiple Quadro FX video cards. A client computer connects to Quadro Plex (using PCI Express ×8 or ×16 interface card with interconnect cable) to initiate rendering.

Quadro SLI and Sync

Scalable Link Interface, or SLI, has been considered as the next generation of Plex. Originally used for the GeForce line of graphics cards, it is a multi-GPU technology that uses two or more video cards to produce a single output. SLI can improve Frame Rendering and FSAA.^[9][10] Quadro SLI supports Mosaic technology for multiple displays using two cards in parallel and up to 8 possible monitors.^[11] Most cards have an SLI bridge slot for up to four cards on one motherboard.^[12] With Quadro Sync technology, cards can support up to a maximum of 16 possible monitors (using four cards in parallel).^[13][14]

Nvidia has 4 types of SLI bridges:

• Standard Bridge (400 MHz Pixel Clock^[15] and 1 GB/s bandwidth^[16])
• LED Bridge (540 MHz Pixel Clock^[17])
• High-Bandwidth Bridge (650 MHz Pixel Clock^[18])
• PCI-e lanes only reserved for SLI

In both SLI and SYNC technologies, acceleration of scientific calculations is possible with CUDA and OpenCL.^[19][20][21]

Quadro VCA

Nvidia supports SLI and supercomputing with its 8-GPU Visual Computing Appliance.^[22] Nvidia Iray,^[23][24] Chaosgroup V-Ray^[25] and Nvidia OptiX^[26] accelerate Raytracing for Maya, 3DS Max, Cinema4D, Rhinoceros and others. All software with CUDA or OpenCL, such as ANSYS, NASTRAN, ABAQUS, and OpenFoam, can benefit from VCA. The DGX-1 is available with 8 GP100 Cards.^[27]

Quadro RTX

The Quadro RTX series is based on the Turing microarchitecture, and features real-time raytracing.^[28] This is accelerated by the use of new RT cores, which are designed to process quadtrees and spherical hierarchies, and speed up collision tests with individual triangles. The Turing microarchitecture debuted with the Quadro RTX series before the mainstream consumer GeForce RTX line.^[29]

The raytracing performed by the RT cores can be used to produce reflections, refractions and shadows, replacing traditional raster techniques such as cube maps and depth maps. Instead of replacing rasterization entirely, however, the information gathered from ray-tracing can be used to augment the shading with information that is much more physically correct, especially regarding off-camera action.

Tensor cores further enhance the image produced by raytracing, and are used to de-noise a partially rendered image.^{[citation needed]}

RTX is also the name of the development platform introduced for the Quadro RTX series. RTX leverages Microsoft's DXR, OptiX and Vulkan for access to raytracing.^[30]

Turing is manufactured using TSMC's 12 nm FinFET fabrication process.^[31] Quadro RTX also uses GDDR6 memory from Samsung Electronics.^[32]

Video cards

GeForce

Many of the Quadro line of video cards use the same GPU cores as Nvidia's consumer-and-gaming-oriented GeForce brand of video cards. The cards that are nearly identical to the desktop cards can be modified^[33] to identify themselves as the equivalent Quadro card to the operating system, allowing optimized drivers intended for the Quadro cards to be installed on the system. While this may not offer all of the performance of the equivalent Quadro card,^{[citation needed]} it can improve performance in certain applications, but may require installing the MAXtreme driver for comparable speed.

The performance difference comes in the firmware controlling the card.^{[citation needed]} Given the importance of speed in a game, a system used for gaming can shut down textures, shading, or rendering after only approximating a final output—in order to keep the overall frame rate high. The algorithms on a CAD-oriented card tend rather to complete all rendering operations, even if that introduces delays or variations in the timing, prioritising accuracy and rendering quality over speed. A Geforce card focuses more on texture fillrates and high framerates with lighting and sound, but Quadro cards prioritize wireframe rendering and object interactions.

Desktop AGP

• Architecture Celsius (NV1x): DirectX 7, OpenGL 1.2 (1.3)
• Architecture Kelvin (NV2x): DirectX 8 (8.1), OpenGL 1.3 (1.5), Pixel Shader 1.1 (1.3)
• Architecture Rankine (NV3x): DirectX 9.0a, OpenGL 1.5 (2.1), Shader Model 2.0a
• Architecture Curie (NV4x): DirectX 9.0c, OpenGL 2.1, Shader Model 3.0

Quadro_AGP Model	Launch	Core	Core clock	Memory clock (effective)	Memory size	Memory type	Memory bandwidth	Interface AGP	3-pin stereo connector	Monitor Output	Near GeForce Model	Notes
Units			MHz	MHz	MB		GiB/s
GeForce 256-based
Quadro[34]	2000-01-01	NV10GL (Celsius)	135	166	32	128-bit SDR	2.66	4×	No	1× VGA	GeForce 256
GeForce 2-based
Quadro2 Pro[35]	2000-07-25	NV15GL	250	400	64	128-bit DDR	6.4	4×	No	DVI, VGA, S-Video	GeForce 2 GTS
Quadro2 MXR[36]	2000-07-25	NV11GL	200	183	32	128-bit SDR	2.93	4×	No	1× VGA	GeForce 2 MX/400
Quadro2 MXR LP[37]	2000-07-25	NV11GL	200	183	32	128-bit SDR	2.93	4x	No	1× VGA	GeForce 2 MX/400
GeForce 3-based
Quadro DCC[38]	2001-03-14	NV20GL (Kelvin)	200	230	64	128-bit DDR	7.3	4×	No	DVI, VGA, S-Video	GeForce 3/Ti
GeForce 4-based
Quadro4 380 XGL[39]	2002-11-12	NV18GL	275	513	64	128-bit DDR	8.2	8×	No	DVI, VGA, S-Video	GeForce 4 MX 440 (AGP 8×)
Quadro4 500 XGL[40]	2002-02-19	NV17GL	250	166	128	128-bit SDR	2.66	4 x	No	DVI	GeForce 4 MX 420
Quadro4 550 XGL[41]	2002-02-19	NV17GL	270	400	64	128-bit DDR	6.4	4×	No	DVI	GeForce 4 MX 440
Quadro4 580 XGL[42]	2002-11-12	NV18GL	300	400	64	128-bit DDR	6.4	8×	No	DVI	GeForce 4 MX 440 (AGP 8×)
Quadro4 700 XGL[43]	2002-02-19	NV25GL	275	550	64	128-bit DDR	7.2	4×	No	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce 4 Ti 4200
Quadro4 750 XGL[44]	2002-02-19	NV25GL	275	550	128	128-bit DDR	7.2	4×	Yes	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce 4 Ti 4400
Quadro4 780 XGL[45]	2002-11-12	NV28GL	275	550	128	128-bit DDR	8.8	4x	Yes	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce 4 Ti 4200 (AGP 8×)
Quadro4 900 XGL[46]	2002-02-19	NV25GL	300	650	128	128-bit DDR	10.4	4×	Yes	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce 4 Ti 4600
Quadro4 980 XGL[47]	2002-11-12	NV28GL	300	650	128	128-bit DDR	10.4	8×	Yes	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce 4 Ti 4800
GeForce FX-based
Quadro FX 500[48]	2003-05-21	NV34GL (Rankine)	270	243	128	128-bit DDR	7.7	8×	No	DVI, VGA	GeForce FX 5200
Quadro FX 700[49]	2004-03-17	NV31GL	275	275	128	128-bit DDR	8.8	8×	No	DVI, VGA	GeForce FX 5600
Quadro FX 1000[50]	2003-01-21	NV30GL	300	600	128	128-bit GDDR2	9.6	8×	Yes	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce FX 5800
Quadro FX 1100[51]	2004-04-01	NV36GL	425	325	128	128-bit DDR	10.4	8×	Yes	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce FX 5700
Quadro FX 2000[52]	2003-01-21	NV30GL	400	400	128	128-bit GDDR2	12.8	8×	Yes	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce FX 5800
Quadro FX 3000[53]	2003-07-22	NV35GL	400	425	256	256-bit DDR	27.2	8×	Yes	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce FX 5900
Quadro FX 3000G[54]	2003-07-22	NV35GL	400	425	256	256-bit DDR	27.2	8×	Yes	2× DL-DVI (via external controller), S-Video	GeForce FX 5900	has external stereo frame sync connector
GeForce 6-based
Quadro FX 4000[55]	2004-04-01	NV40GL	375	500	256	256-bit GDDR3	32.0	8×	Yes	2× Dual-link DVI, S-Video	GeForce 6800 GT	2nd link using external TMDS transmitter
Quadro FX 4000 SDI[56]	2004-04-19	NV40GL (Curie)	375	500	256	256-bit GDDR3	32.0	8×	Yes	DVI, 2× SDI HDTV	GeForce 6800 GT	with digital and analog genlock (using external controllers)

Desktop PCI

• Architecture Rankine (NV3x): DirectX 9.0a, OpenGL 1.5 (2.1), Shader Model 2.0a

Quadro PCI Model	Launch	Core	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (effective) (MHz)	Memory size (MB)	Memory type	Memory bandwidth (GB/s)	3-pin stereo connector	Monitor Output	Near GeForce Model	Notes
GeForce FX-based
Quadro FX 600 PCI[57]	2004-03-17	NV34GL (Rankine)	270	480	128	128-bit DDR	7.8	Yes	2× DVI, S-Video	GeForce 5200 Ultra

Desktop PCI Express

Quadro FX (without CUDA, OpenCL, or Vulkan)

• Rankine (NV3x): DirectX 9.0a, Shader Model 2.0a, OpenGL 2.1
• Curie (NV4x, G7x): DirectX 9.0c, Shader Model 3.0, OpenGL 2.1

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Nvidia_Quadro
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.

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Quadro_FX PCIe Model	Launch	Core	Core clock	Memory clock (eff.)	Memory size (MB)	Memory type	Memory bandwidth	Pixel Rate	Texture Rate	Open GL	CUDA OpenCL	Vulkan	Power max.