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 | This guideline is a part of the English Wikipedia's Manual of Style. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with common sense, and occasional exceptions may apply. Any substantive edit to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on the talk page. |
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| Linking and page manipulation |
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Linking through hyperlinks is an important feature of Wikipedia. Internal links bind the project together into an interconnected whole. Interwikimedia links bind the project to sister projects such as Wikisource, Wiktionary and Wikipedia in other languages, and external links bind Wikipedia to the World Wide Web.
Appropriate links provide instant pathways to locations within and outside the project that can increase readers' understanding of the topic at hand. Whenever writing or editing an article, consider not only what to put in the article, but what links to include to help the reader find related information, and also which other pages should have links to the article. Avoid both underlinking and overlinking, as described below.
This page provides guidelines as to when links should and should not be used, and how to format links. For information about the syntax used to create links, see Help:Link. For links on disambiguation pages, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages.
Principles
Wikipedia is based on hypertext, and aims to "build the web" to enable readers to access relevant information on other Wikipedia pages easily. The page from which the hyperlink is activated is called the anchor; the page the link points to is called the target.
In adding or removing links, consider an article's place in the knowledge tree. Internal links can add to the cohesion and utility of Wikipedia, allowing readers to deepen their understanding of a topic by conveniently accessing other articles. Ask yourself, "How likely is it that the reader will also want to read that other article?" Consider including links where readers might want to use them; for example, in article leads, at the openings of new sections, in the cells of tables, and in file captions. But as a rule of thumb, link only the first occurrence of a term in the text of the article.
General points on linking style
- As explained in more detail at Help:Link § Wikilinks, linking can be direct (
Riverside, California, which results in Riverside, California), or piped (Riverside, California|Riverside, which results in Riverside in the text, but still links to the article "Riverside, California"—although the pipe trick is an easier way to create this particular link). - Section headings should not themselves contain links; instead, a {{main article}} or {{see also}} template should be placed immediately after the heading.
- Links should not be placed in the boldface reiteration of the title in the opening sentence of a lead.a
- Be conservative when linking within quotations; link only to targets that correspond to the meaning clearly intended by the quote's author. Where possible, link from text outside of the quotation instead – either before it or soon after.b
- When possible, do not place links next to each other, to avoid appearing like a single link, as in chess tournament (
chess tournament). Instead, consider rephrasing the sentence (tournament of chess), omitting one of the links (chess tournament), or using a single, more specific link as in chess tournament (chess tournament). - For geographic places specified with the name of the larger territorial unit following a comma, generally do not link the larger unit.
- For example, avoid
Sydney, Australia (Sydney, Australia)- or
- Buffalo, New York, United States (
Buffalo, New York|Buffalo, New York (state)|New York, United States)- Instead, use
Sydney, Australia (Sydney, Australia)- or
- Buffalo, New York, United States (
Buffalo, New York, United States)
- Linked text should avoid leading and trailing spaces. Punctuation, including spaces, should be external to the linked items.
- Articles on technical subjects might demand a higher density of links than general-interest articles, because they are likely to contain more technical terms that general dictionaries are unlikely to explain in context.
- Beware of linking to an article without first confirming that the target article covers the appropriate topic. For example, an article mentioning the physics unit "barn" should link to barn (unit), not barn.
- In articles, do not link to pages outside the article namespace, except in articles about Wikipedia itself (and even in that case with care – see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid).
- Do not unnecessarily make a reader chase links: if a highly technical term can be simply explained with very few words, do so.
- Use a link when appropriate, but as far as possible do not force a reader to use that link to understand the sentence. The text needs to make sense to readers who cannot follow links. Users may print articles or read offline, and Wikipedia content may be encountered in republished form, often without links.
- Refrain from implementing colored links that may impede user ability to distinguish links from regular text, or color links for purely aesthetic reasons.
Overlinking and underlinking
What generally should be linked
An article is said to be underlinked if unlinked words are needed to aid understanding of the article. In general, links should be created for:
- Relevant connections to the subject of another article that will help readers understand the article more fully (see the example below). This can include people, events, and topics that already have an article or that clearly deserve one, as long as the link is relevant to the article in question.
- Articles with relevant information, for example: "see Fourier series for relevant background"
- Articles explaining words of technical terms, jargon or slang expressions or phrases—but you could also give a concise definition instead of or in addition to a link. If there is no appropriate Wikipedia article, an interwikimedia link to Wiktionary could be used.
- Proper names that are likely to be unfamiliar to readers
If you feel that a link is relevant to the topic of the article but does not belong in the body of an article, consider moving it to a "See also" section.
Links may be created to potential articles that do not yet exist (see § Red links). If an article exists on a foreign-language Wikipedia but not yet in English, consider a red link that also links to the foreign-language article (see § Links to foreign-language pages).
What generally should not be linked
An article is said to be overlinked if it contains an excessive number of links, making it difficult to identify those likely to aid a reader's understanding.1c A good question to ask yourself is whether reading the article you're about to link to would help someone understand the article you are linking from. Unless a term is particularly relevant to the context in the article, the following are usually not linked:
- Everyday words understood by most readers in context (e.g., education, violence, aircraft, river, animation)
- Common occupations (e.g., accountant, politician, actor)
- The names of subjects with which most readers will be at least somewhat familiar. This generally includes major examples of:
- countries (e.g., Brazil/Brazilian, Canada/Canadian, China/Chinese)
- geographic features (e.g., the Himalayas, Pacific Ocean, South America)
- locations (e.g., New Delhi; New York City, or just New York if the city context is already clear; London, if the context rules out London, Ontario; Southeast Asia)
- languages (e.g., English, Arabic, Korean, Spanish)
- nationalities, ethnicities or descent (e.g., British, Japanese, Turkish, African American, Nigerian)
- religions (e.g., Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism)
- But try to be conscious of your own demographic biases – what is well known in your age group, line of work, or country may be less known in others.
- Common units of measurement, e.g., units relating to time, temperature, length, area, or volume. If both non-metric and metric equivalents are given, as in 5 centimetres (2 in), usually neither unit needs to be linked, because almost all readers will understand at least one of the units.
- Dates
- Disambiguation pages should not be linked from articles unless the link is purposeful, such as in a hatnote. Instead, use a piped link to the appropriate article.
- For example, for the Disney character, use
Moana (character)|Moana—which appears as Moana, leading to the intended page.- instead of
Moana—which, even though it also appears as Moana, leads to a disambiguation page.
Do not link to pages that redirect back to the page the link is on (unless the link is to a redirect with possibilities that links to an appropriate section of the current article).
The purpose of linking is to clarify and to provide reasonable navigation opportunities, not to emphasize a particular word. Do not link solely to draw attention to certain words or ideas, or as a mark of respect.
External links normally should not be placed in the body of an article (see Wikipedia:External links).
Duplicate and repeat links
Link a term at most once per major section,d at first occurrence. Common sense applies; do not re-link in other sections if not contextually important there. Other mentions may be linked if helpful, such as in infoboxes, tables, image captions, footnotes, and hatnotes.
Citations stand alone in their usage, so there is no problem with repeating the same link in many citations within an article; e.g. |work=The Guardian.
In glossaries, which are primarily referred to for encyclopedic entries on specific terms rather than read from top to bottom like a regular article, it is usually desirable to repeat links (including to other terms in the glossary) that were not already linked in the same entry .
Duplicate linking in stand-alone and embedded lists is permissible if it significantly aids the reader. This is most often the case when the list is presenting information that could just as aptly be formatted in a table, and is expected to be parsed for particular bits of data, not read from top to bottom. If the list is normal article prose that happens to be formatted as a list, treat it as normal article prose.
Duplicate links in an article can be found using the duplinks-alt sidebar tool.
Lead section
Too many links can make the lead hard to read. In technical articles that use uncommon terms, a higher-than-usual link density in the lead section may be necessary. In such cases, try to provide an informal explanation in the lead, avoiding using too many technical terms until later in the article. (See Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable and Wikipedia is not a scientific journal.)
Most Featured Articles contain about 12 to 25 links in the lead, with an average of about 1.5 links per sentence, or one link for every 16 words.2
An example article
For example, in the article on supply and demand:
- Almost certainly link "microeconomics" and "general equilibrium theory", as these are technical terms that many readers are unlikely to understand at first sight.
- Consider linking "price" and "goods" only if these common words have technical dimensions that are specifically relevant to the topic.
- Do not link to the "United States", because that is an article on a very broad topic with no direct connection to supply and demand.
- Definitely do not link "wheat", because it is a common term with no particular relationship to the article on supply and demand, beyond its arbitrary use as an example of traded goods in that article.
- Make sure that the links are directed to the correct articles: in this example, you should link goods, not good, which goes to a page on the philosophical concept. Many common dictionary words are ambiguous terms in Wikipedia and linking to them is often unhelpful to readers; "Good" is a surname and the name of albums, companies, etc., and the article title Good (disambiguation) is used to index those.
Link clarity
The article linked to should correspond as closely as possible to the term showing as the link, given the context.
For example, a link to the article Requiem (Mozart) should be clear that it is Mozart's Requiem in particular, rather than requiems in general. The link target and the link label do not have to match exactly, but the link must be as intuitive as possible (see § Intuitiveness).
| Article text | Wikitext | Note | |
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When Mozart wrote his Requiem | When Mozart wrote Requiem (Mozart)|his Requiem
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Includes the word "his" to specify |
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When Mozart wrote his Requiem | When Mozart wrote his Requiem (Mozart)|Requiem
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Only word "Requiem" |
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Previn conducted Mozart's Requiem | Previn conducted Requiem (Mozart)|Mozart's Requiem
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Specifying that it is "Mozart's" |
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Previn conducted Mozart's Requiem | Previn conducted Mozart's Requiem (Mozart)|Requiem
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Only word "Requiem" |
Link specificity
Always link to the article on the most specific topic appropriate to the context from which you link: it will generally contain more focused information, as well as links to more general topics.
| What you type | How it appears | Specificity |
|---|---|---|
Icelandic orthography |
Icelandic orthography | Specific (preferred) |
Icelandic language|Icelandic orthography |
Icelandic orthography | Related but less specific |
Icelandic orthography |
Icelandic orthography | Unspecific |
the flag of Tokelau |
the flag of Tokelau | Specific (preferred) |
the flag of Tokelau |
the flag of Tokelau | Unspecific |
Requiem (Mozart)|Requiem |
Requiem | Specific (preferred) |
Requiem |
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=MOS:INTERWIKI