List of Cardinal protectors of Scotland

This is a list of Cardinal protectors of Scotland. Protectors represented the interests of a particular religious institution or nation at the Papal court.^[1] This particular office was revitalised upon the establishment of the Scots College in Rome by Pope Clement VIII on 5 December 1600, when it was put under the authority of Cardinal Camillo Borghese.^[2] The last Cardinal to hold the office died in 1970.^[3]^[4]

Protectors

Pre-Reformation

Post-Reformation^[3]3">edit

Camillo Borghese, 1600–05
Maffeo Barberini, 1607/8–23
Francesco Barberini, 1623–79
Philip Howard, 1680–94
Alessandro Caprara, 1694–1706
Giuseppe Sacripante, 1706–27
Alessandro Falconieri, 1727–34
Domenico Rivera, 1734–52
Giuseppe Spinelli, 1753–63
Gian Francesco Albani, 1763–73; 1780–1803
Mario Marefoschi, 1773–74
Francesco Carafa, 1774–80
Charles Erskine, 1803–11
Bartolomeo Pacca, 1811–35
Giacomo Filippo Fransoni, 1835–56
Alessandro Barnabò, 1856–74
Alessandro Franchi, 1874–78
Giovanni Simeoni, 1878–92
Mieczysław Halka-Ledóchowski, 1892–1902
Girolamo Maria Gotti, 1902–16
Domenico Serafini, 1916–18
Gaetano de Lai, 1918–28
Rafael Merry del Val, 1928–30
Franz Ehrle, 1930–34
Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, 1934–51
Giuseppe Pizzardo, 1951–70^[4]

Referencesedit

^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cardinal Protector". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
^ MacCluskey, Raymond, ed. (2000). The Scots College, Rome, 1600 - 2000. Edinburgh: Donald. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-85976-524-4.
^ ^a ^b MacCluskey, Raymond, ed. (2000). The Scots College, Rome, 1600 - 2000. Edinburgh: Donald. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-85976-524-4.
^ ^a ^b MacCluskey, Raymond, ed. (2000). The Scots College, Rome, 1600 - 2000. Edinburgh: Donald. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-85976-524-4.
^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of July 1, 1517". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 22, 1536". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-01.

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[1] "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cardinal Protector". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2024-03-01.

[2] MacCluskey, Raymond, ed. (2000). The Scots College, Rome, 1600 - 2000. Edinburgh: Donald. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-85976-524-4.

[:0-3] MacCluskey, Raymond, ed. (2000). The Scots College, Rome, 1600 - 2000. Edinburgh: Donald. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-85976-524-4.

[:1-4] MacCluskey, Raymond, ed. (2000). The Scots College, Rome, 1600 - 2000. Edinburgh: Donald. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-85976-524-4.

[5] "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of July 1, 1517". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-01.

[6] "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 22, 1536". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-01.

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Protectors

Pre-Reformation

Post-Reformation[3]3">edit

See alsoedit

Referencesedit

Post-Reformation^[3]3">edit