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List of British Jews is a list of prominent Jews from the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

Although the first Jews may have arrived on the island of Great Britain with the Romans, it was not until the Norman Conquest of William the Conqueror in 1066 that organised Jewish communities first appeared in England. These existed until 1290 when the Jewish population of England was expelled by King Edward I of England.

There was never a corresponding expulsion from Scotland. The eminent scholar David Daiches states in his autobiographical Two Worlds: A Scottish born Jewish Childhood that there are grounds for saying that Scotland is the only Immigrant country with no history of state persecution of Jews.

Jews were re-admitted to England and Wales in 1656 by Oliver Cromwell. Slightly more than 200 years later, in 1858 they were emancipated, that is, accepted as full citizens. In the late 19th century, there was mass Jewish immigration to England from Russia due to Russian domestic policy. In the 1930s, the country accepted many refugees from Nazism. The Jewish population peaked at 450,000, but has since declined due to low birth-rate, intermarriage and emigration, mainly of the younger generation to Israel. According to the 2001 census, the current population is around 295,000, most of whom live in London.

Academic figures

Scientists

See List of British Jewish scientists, which includes economists.

Historians

• David Abulafia, professor of history, University of Cambridge^[1]
• Geoffrey Alderman,^[2] historian
• Richard David Barnett, museum curator and archaeologist^[3]
• Norman Cohn, historian^[4]
• Isaac Deutscher,^[5] historian
• Geoffrey Rudolph Elton,^[6] historian
• Samuel Finer^[7]
• Sir Moses I. Finley,^[8] historian and sociologist
• Sir Martin Gilbert, historian
• Martin Goodman^[4]
• Philip Guedalla,^[9] biographer
• Eric Hobsbawm,^[10] historian and Communist theoretician
• Jonathan Israel, historian^[4]
• Joseph Jacobs,^[11] editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia
• Lisa Jardine, historian^[12]
• Tony Judt,^[13] Director of the Erich Maria Remarque Institute at New York University
• Elie Kedourie,^[14] historian and political scientist
• Otto Kurz, historian^[15]
• Bernard Lewis,^[16] historian
• David Malcolm Lewis, professor of history, University of Oxford^[17]
• Hyam Maccoby, professor of history^[18]
• Sir Philip Magnus, 1st Baronet, educationalist and politician
• Sir Philip Magnus-Allcroft, 2nd Baronet,^[19] biographer
• Shula Marks, expert on African history^[4]
• Arnaldo Momigliano, professor of history, University College London^[20]
• Lewis Bernstein Namier,^[21] historian (converted to Anglicanism)
• Sir Francis Palgrave (born Cohen) (1768–1861),^[22] historian
• Ilan Pappé Israeli born New Historian, author of The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine and professor at The University of Exeter
• Sir Michael Postan, historian^[20]
• Cecil Roth,^[23] historian and editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica
• Simon Schama,^[24] historian
• Leonard Schapiro,^[25] historian
• Simon Sebag Montefiore,^[26] historian
• Charles Singer,^[27] historian of science
• Sir Aurel Stein,^[28] archeologist
• Barry Supple, economic historian^[29]
• Geza Vermes^[30]

Medical

• Sir George Alberti, President, Royal College of Physicians^[31]
• Asher Asher,^[32] first Scottish Jewish doctor
• Henry Cohen, 1st Baron Cohen of Birkenhead,^[33] President of the Royal Society of Medicine
• Sir Ian Gainsford, dentist^[34]
• Sir Abraham Goldberg, Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 1923–2007^[35]
• Max Hamilton,^[36] psychiatrist
• Roderigo Lopez, New Christian doctor to Queen Elizabeth I^[37]
• John Henry Marks,^[38] former chairman of the British Medical Association
• Sir Jonathan Miller,^[39] physician and theatre director
• Leslie Turnberg, Baron Turnberg,^[40] professor, FMedSci
• Oliver Zangwill, professor of psychology^[41]

Philosophers

• Samuel Alexander,^[42] professor of philosophy at Manchester, born in Australia, the first Jewish fellow of an Oxbridge college
• Sir Alfred Ayer,^[43] philosopher, populariser of logical positivism (Jewish mother)
• Sir Isaiah Berlin,^[44] political philosopher
• Max Black,^[8] philosopher
• Gerald Cohen, Oxford professor of philosophy^[4]
• Laurence Jonathan Cohen, Oxford professor of philosophy^[4]
• Ernest Gellner,^[45] philosopher social scientist
• H. L. A. Hart,^[46] legal philosopher
• Brian Klug,^[47] Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy, St Benet's Hall, University of Oxford; concepts of race, antisemitism, Islamophobia, Jewish identity
• Stephan Korner, Bristol professor of philosophy^[4]
• Imre Lakatos,^[48] Hungarian-born philosopher
• Alexander Piatigorsky,^[49] philosopher, Buddhologist, writer
• Sir Karl Popper,^[50] philosopher of science (family became Lutheran)
• Jonathan Romain, minister of Maidenhead Jewish community and leader of the British reform movement
• Richard Rudolf Walzer^[15]
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher; Jewish grandparents on both sides of the family who had converted to Christianity in the 19th century; he was christened, raised and eventually buried as a Catholic
• Richard Wollheim^[51]

Social scientists

• Roy Clive Abraham,^[32] linguist
• Michael Balint,^[52] psychoanalyst (converted to Unitarianism)
• Zygmunt Bauman,^[53] sociologist
• Basil Bernstein,^[54] linguist
• Vernon Bogdanor, professor of politics^[55]
• Gerald Cohen, professor of social and political theory^[4]
• Arthur Lumley Davids, linguist and orientalist^[56]
• Norbert Elias,^[57] sociologist
• Herman Finer,^[58] political scientist
• Samuel Finer,^[59] political scientist
• Sir Moses I. Finley,^[8] historian and sociologist
• Meyer Fortes, anthropologist^[60]
• Eduard Fraenkel, philologist^[61]
• Anna Freud,^[62] child psychoanalyst
• Norman Geras, professor of government^[63]
• Morris Ginsberg, sociologist^[64]
• Max Gluckman, anthropologist^[65]
• Theodor Goldstücker,^[66] orientalist
• Jean Gottmann,^[67] professor of geography, Oxford University
• Julius Gould, sociologist^[68]
• David Hirsh,^[69] lecturer in sociology
• Paul Hirst,^[70] social theorist (Jewish mother)
• Marie Jahoda,^[71] psychology of discrimination
• Melanie Klein,^[72] child psychoanalyst
• Geoffrey Lewis Lewis, professor of Turkish^[4]
• Steven Lukes, political scientist^[4]
• Ashley Montagu,^[73] anthropologist and humanist
• Isaac Schapera, anthropologist^[4]
• Edward Ullendorff, linguist^[4]

Theologians and Hebraists

• Isaac Abendana,^[74] Hebraist
• Chimen Abramsky,^[75] professor of Hebrew
• Lionel Barnett,^[76] orientalist
• Abraham Benisch,^[77] Hebraist and editor of the Jewish Chronicle
• Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch,^[78] Semitic scholar and orientalist
• Alfred Edersheim,^[79] Bible scholar
• Philip Ferdinand,^[80] professor of Hebrew
• Christian David Ginsburg,^[81] expert on the Masoretic text
• Ridley Haim Herschell,^[82] missionary
• Marcus Kalisch,^[83] Hebraist and Biblical commentator
• David Levi,^[84] Jewish scholar
• David Samuel Margoliouth,^[85] orientalist (family converted to Anglicanism)
• Hugh Montefiore,^[86] bishop
• Adolf Neubauer,^[87] Hebraist
• Stefan Reif,^[88] Cambridge academic
• Judah Segal, professor of Semitic languages^[4]
• Joseph Wolff,^[77] missionary

Others

• Sidney Greenbaum, Quain Professor of English Language and Literature, University College London 1983-90^[89]

Artists

Fine arts

• Frank Auerbach,^[90] painter
• Edith Birkin, painter^[91]
• David Bomberg,^[92] painter
• Sir Anthony Caro,^[93] sculptor^[94]
• Benno Elkan,^[95] sculptor
• Sir Jacob Epstein,^[96] sculptor (UK-based)
• Hannah Frank,^[97] artist and sculptor
• Barnett Freedman,^[98] artist
• Lucian Freud,^[99] painter
• Abram Games^[100]
• Mark Gertler,^[101] painter
• Zoltán Glass,^[102] photographer
• Gluck (Hannah Gluckstein),^[103] artist
• Walter Goodman,^[104] painter
• Dora Gordine,^[105] artist and sculptor
• Harrison Marks,^[106] photographer
• Solomon Alexander Hart,^[107] painter
• Lily Delissa Joseph,^[108] painter
• Anish Kapoor,^[109] sculptor (Jewish mother)
• R. B. Kitaj, US-born painter^[110]
• Leon Kossoff, 1926-2019 (The Guardian Leon Kossoff obituary)
• Jacob Kramer,^[111] painter
• Lennie Lee,^[112] Young British Artist; mixed media
• Horatio Joseph Lucas,^[113] painter
• Linda McCartney,^[114] photographer
• Ruth Rix,^[115] painter
• Sir William Rothenstein^[116]
• Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon^[117]
• Isaac Snowman,^[118] painter
• Solomon Joseph Solomon,^[108] painter
• Alfred Wolmark,^[119] painter
• Berthold Wolpe,^[120] printer

Designers and architects

• Nicole Farhi,^[121] fashion designer
• John Frieda,^[122] hair stylist; father of actor Jordan Frieda
• Ray Kelvin,^[123] fashion designer, founder of Ted Baker
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