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List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 18th century
...The List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 18th century encompasses all known Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1700 to 1799. Although not all of the data for every storm that occurred are available, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to provide data of hurricane occurrences.
| Atlantic hurricane seasons |
|
1700–1724
| Year | Area(s) affected | Date | Deaths | Damage/notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1700 | Charleston, South Carolina to Virginia | September 13–14 [O.S. September 2–3] | 98 | Rising-Sun Hurricane of 1700. A hurricane struck the South Carolina coastline while the Rising-Sun, a Scottish warship, was prevented from entering Charleston Bay from the Atlantic by a sandbar across the mouth. It had already been badly damaged by a storm in the Gulf of Mexico, being dismasted, and was seeking repairs. The ship, passengers and crew were returning to Scotland from a failed Scottish attempt to establish a colony at Darien (what we now call Panama). The crew was in the process of 'lightening the ship', to gain entry to the bay, and as part of that, 15 passengers were taken ashore in a small boat. In the ensuing hurricane, the ship was thrust up on the beach, broken up, and all left aboard were drowned. The only survivors from the ship were those who had gone ashore earlier and ended up having to bury the dead on the beach the next day. Ships docked in the harbor at Charleston were also wrecked. Charleston was devastated and flooded by this ferocious hurricane.[1][2][3] |
| 1700 | Barbados | September 20 [O.S. September 9] | N/A [4] Alexander Hamilton experienced this Hurricane. | |
| 1702 | Barbados | September 24–26 [O.S. September 13–15] | N/A [5] | |
| 1703 | Virginia, Maryland to New England coastline | October 18–19 [O.S. October 7–8] | N/A | Great wind and flood damage; many ships were lost.[6][7] |
| 1703 | England, British Isles | December 7–8 [O.S. November 26–27] | Many thousands | The Great Storm of 1703. This was the most powerful wind force ever experienced in modern English history, causing more death and destruction than any known storm before or after. One-third of the British Navy fleet sunk during this storm, which likely originated from an Atlantic-based hurricane.[6] |
| 1705 | Havana Cuba to southeast coast of Florida | August 16–18 [O.S. August 5–7] | Many were lost | 4 ships lost [8] |
| 1706 | Barbados to New York to Connecticut | October 5–15 [O.S. September 24-October 4] | Strong wind and heavy rains were reported in NY (14th) and CT (16th). Unusual and heavy flooding occurred in many areas in NY and CT.[9][10] | |
| 1706 | Offshore of Virginia coast | November 6–7 [O.S. October 26–27] | N/A | A hurricane at sea - an England-bound fleet of ships from America was scattered by a raging hurricane at sea. Many ships had to return to Virginia for repairs after the hurricane while other ships were lost at sea. No landfall is believed to be known.[9] |
| 1707 | St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua, Montserrat to St. Thomas | September 9–11 [O.S. August 30-September 1] | N/A | Nevis was "nearly ruined" and several ships were wrecked off the coast of St. Kitts.[11] |
| 1707 | St. Augustine, Florida | September 30 [O.S. September 19] | N/A | Heavy flooding and damage [12] |
| 1708 | Veracruz | N/A | 578 | N/A |
| 1712 | Barbados to Cuba and Jamaica | September 6–10 [O.S. August 26–31] | 400 | Many houses destroyed [13] |
| 1712 | Barbados | September 19 [O.S. September 8] | N/A [14] | |
| 1713 | Lesser Antilles, Martinique, Guadeloupe to St. Thomas to Puerto Rico | September 4–6 [O.S. August 24–26] | 100 in Martinique | San Zacarias Hurricane of 1713. Caused a storm surge in southern Puerto Rico.[15][16] |
| 1713 | North of Antigua to Charleston, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia | September 10–17 [O.S. August 31-September 6] | Many | Carolina Hurricane of 1713. Charleston was once again inundated by the sea (see 1700). The death toll was reportedly significant and resulted from the high storm surge that washed in with the storm. On Sullivan's Island, "The new lookout made of wood, built eight square and eighty feet high, was blown down." In Charleston's harbor, all but one of the vessels were driven ashore and "all the front wall and mud parapet before Charlestown undermined and washed away." The two rivers on both sides of the town were connected for a period of unknown time during the storm. The storm was reportedly more violent in the north of Charleston, suggesting that landfall was made north of the town. The effects were most prominent in Currituck County, North Carolina, near the Virginia-North Carolina border, where the storm surge breached the Outer Banks and opened several inlets into the Currituck Sound. William Byrd, one of the commissioners who established the Virginia-North Carolina boundary, stated: "There was no tide in Currituck until 1713 when a violent storm opened a new inlet five miles south of the old one. One of the new inlets carved out by the storm became the location where the Virginia-North Carolina line begins on the Atlantic coast."[17][18] |
| 1713 | Puerto Rico | October 14 [O.S. October 3] | Hurricane San Cándido of 1713. Caused a lot of storm damage in the south coast.[19] | |
| 1713 | Jamaica to Bermuda | October 24–26 [O.S. October 13–15] | N/A [20] | |
| 1714 | Florida Keys | Late June | Many drowned | Many ships sank |
| 1714 | Guadeloupe | August 13–14 [O.S. August 2–3] | N/A [21] | |
| 1714 | Barbados to Jamaica | September 5–9 [O.S. August 25–29] | Tropical storm [22] | |
| 1715 | Bahamas, Florida East Coast | July 31 [O.S. July 20] | 1000–2500 | Florida Treasure Coast Hurricane of 1715. Occurred near southeastern Bahamas and straits of Florida. Due to numerous delays, the fleet of twelve ships did not depart from Havana, Cuba, until late. Once the heavy-laden treasure ships turned into the Bahamas channel, they encountered northeasterly winds. The hurricane overtook the fleet as it emerged from the Bahamas channel. Three ships sank in deep water; the remainder were driven to the Florida coast wrecked on the rocks and reefs just north of present-day Vero Beach. The fleet captain Spanish Admiral Don Juan de Ubilla drowned in the storm along with more than a thousand other sailors. See 1715 Treasure Fleet and Florida Treasure Coast. The surviving sailors tried to live on the uninhabited Florida coast where their ships had wrecked. After the sinking of the ships, the Spanish government tried to recover some of the treasure, some of which they were able to, though most remains unclaimed to this day. This area off of the Florida coast would be named the "Treasure Coast" for the millions in gold, silver, and jewels these ships from this fleet took down with them from this storm. See List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes.[23][24] |
| 1715 | Tampico, Mexico | August 26 [O.S. August 15] | Hurricane made landfall in Tampico, Mexico [25][26] | |
| 1715 | West of Jamaica to Dauphin Island, Alabama and Mobile, Alabama | October 14–20 [O.S. October 4–10] | Pelican Harbor on Dauphin Island was destroyed by the shifting sands on October 20.[27][28][29][30] Note: Chenoweth and Ludlum list this hurricane in 1715, reference web article in 1717. | |
| 1716 | Bermuda | August 20 [O.S. August 9] | N/A [31] | |
| 1716 | Massachusetts, Boston, Martha's Vineyard | October 24–25 [O.S. October 13–14] | The New England Hurricane of 1716 was a hurricane with strong winds and rains affecting Eastern Massachusetts, Boston, and Martha's Vineyard. May have made no direct landfall.[32][33] | |
| 1718 | Antigua to Puerto Rico | September 6–7 [O.S. August 26–27] | N/A [34] | |
| 1718 | Martinique | September 19–21 [O.S. September 8–10] | N/A [35] | |
| 1720 | North of Puerto Rico to Florida | N/A | 500 | N/A [36] |
| 1722 | Puerto Rico to Jamaica to Carolinas | August 28–September 3 | 280 | Passed south of Port Royal, which was devastated by a 16–18-foot storm surge.[37][38] 400[37] |
| 1722 | Jamaica to Louisiana to South Carolina | September 6–12 [O.S. August 26-September 1] | 400 | Great Louisiana Hurricane of 1722. Moved through the Lesser Antilles on September 11. This hurricane is the first tropical storm to strike the region for which there are adequate first-hand accounts and almost completely destroyed the city's fragile existing infrastructure. The storm made landfall in Louisiana on September 23 with 15 hours of hurricane winds and an 8-foot storm surge flooding. Hurricane force winds lasted 15 hours. In 1718, 3 feet (0.91 m) high levees protected New Orleans from both river and tidal overflow (today they are 17 feet (5.2 m) high). The buildings in New Orleans suffered extensive destruction, but they were not of high-grade construction; instead, they had been hastily constructed when New Orleans was initially selected to be the capital of the Louisiana Company in 1717-18. The bayou between New Orleans and Biloxi was filled with 2 to 3 feet (0.61 to 0.91 m) of water as a result of the storm, and all ships at the port were destroyed. Rainfall and flooding were reported to have lasted for five days. The French occupied Spanish settlement at Santa Rosa Island, Florida offshore from Pensacola was swept away by storm surge.[39] This storm was responsible for moving Mobile from its old site 27 miles (43 km) north of the mouth of the Mobile River to its present-day site. This same storm likely re-curved northeast and headed into South Carolina as they reported three days of flooding rains in South Carolina around the 27th.[40][41] |
| 1722 | Charleston, South Carolina | September 18–23 [O.S. September 7–12] | Tropical storm [42] | |
| 1723 | North of Antigua to New York City | August 4–9 [O.S. July 24–29] | N/A [43] | |
| 1723 | Rhode Island | November 10 [O.S. October 30] | N/A [44][45] | |
| 1724 | Virginia, Maryland and Chesapeake Bay | August 23 [O.S. August 12] | N/A | The Great Gust of 1724. Almost all tobacco crops and much of the corn crops were destroyed by this violent tropical storm, which struck the Chesapeake Bay. Violent floods of rain and prodigious gusts of wind were seen upon the James River. Some homes were wrecked, and several vessels were driven ashore. The storm was likely followed by a second hurricane just five days later, which caused rain for many straight days that caused the Virginia floods of 1724.[46] |
| 1724 | South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania | August 22–30 [O.S. August 11–19] | Second of two hurricanes that passed through the area within five days. Another violent storm system came through affecting Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania with violent winds, flooding, and rain. This system and the Great Gust of 1724 systems are among the most significant tropical storms to affect the Mid-Atlantic during the colonial period of the late 1600s and 1700s.[46][47] | |
| 1724 | Hispaniola | September 12 | 121 | Caused the sinking of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe in Samaná Bay. |
1725–1749
| Year | Area(s) affected | Date | Deaths | Damage/notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1725 | Martinique | September 23–24 [O.S. September 12–13] | N/A [48] | |
| 1726 | North of Antigua to Bermuda | September 11–19 [O.S. September 1–8] | N/A [49] | |
| 1726 | Jamaica | November 1–2 [O.S. October 21–22] | 18+ | This storm devastated Port Royal, sinking some 50 ships. Based on damage information, it was observed to be a small yet powerful hurricane.[50][51] |
| 1726 | Bermuda | No date | N/A [52] | |
| 1727 | Rhode Island, Connecticut, eastern Massachusetts, Boston | September 27 [O.S. September 16] | The New England Hurricane of 1727 was a strong hurricane that caused considerable damage, uprooted many trees, damaged property, and washed ships in port ashore. Center of the storm likely past over eastern Massachusetts. Severe destruction noted in Essex County.[53][54] | |
| 1728 | North Carolina, South Carolina | August 13–14 [O.S. August 2–3] | The Carolina Hurricane of 1728 was the fourth major hurricane to hit Charleston area.[55][56] | |
| 1728 | Antigua to Saint Thomas to Hispaniola | August 28-September 2 [O.S. August 17–22] | N/A [57] | |
| 1728 | North of Leeward Islands to Bermuda | August 31-September 8 [O.S. August 20–29] | N/A [58] | |
| 1728 | Antigua to west of offshore Bermuda | September 21–30 [O.S. September 10–19] | N/A [59] | |
| 1729 | Nassau, Bahamas | first week of August | The Woodes Rodgers Hurricane of 1729 was the first report of major storm damage at a settlement in the Bahamas. Dated occurrence three weeks prior to the arrival of the first royal governor of the Bahamas, Woodes Rodgers on August 25, 1729. Storm blew down greatest parts of the houses on the island. The Royal Assembly on the island was not able to conduct business of the colony because of the extensive damage done to the island.[60] | |
| 1729 | Northern Leeward Islands to Puerto Rico to South Carolina | August 14–19 [O.S. August 3–8] | Hurricane made landfall in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico[61][26][62] | |
| 1730 | Puerto Rico to Jamaica | August 31-September 1 | N/A | Hurricane Santa Rosa of 1730 was a storm that passed south of Puerto Rico on August 31 and caused damage to houses and plantations. It made its way to Jamaica on September 1. One ship holding including the ex-president of Panama, was lost at sea during this storm. |
| 1730 | Barbados to South Carolina | August 26-September 7 [O.S. August 15–28] | N/A [63] | |
| 1730 | Havana, Cuba | unknown | This hurricane struck Havana and Matanzas, destroying many buildings.[64] | |
| 1730 | Jamaica, Cuba | October 15–20 [O.S. October 4–9] | N/A [65] | |
| 1730 | Caribbean Sea | unknown | Nuestra Senora del Carmen sank in a hurricane south of Jamaica.[66] | |
| 1731 | Windward Passage | June 24 | 1+ | This hurricane destroyed two ships. |
| 1731 | Cayman Islands | September | First recorded tropical cyclone that affected Cayman Islands.[67] | |
| 1731 | Barbados to Windward Passage to offshore South Carolina | August 24-September 5 [O.S. August 13–26] | N/A [68] | |
| 1733 | Saint Kitts to Cuba to Bahamas, Florida Keys | July 10–16 [O.S. June 30-July 5] | Several | This hurricane wrecked at least one ship in St.Kitts on July 10 (O.S. June 30). On July 15–16, a 22-ship Spanish treasure fleet was struck by a hurricane as the ships tried to cross the Bahamas Channel. The storm left 13 ships sunk or grounded between Elliott Key and Key Vaca. One of the sunken ships, the Pedro, is located in 20 feet of water off the Indian Key in the Florida Keys. The sinking was one of the greatest maritime disasters. The event was unknown until diver Art McKee began an underwater archival investigation in 1938.[64][69] |
| 1733 | Florida Keys to Alabama | August | N/A [70] | |
| 1734 | Barbados to Jamaica | September 9–12 | Barbados on September 9, Jamaica on September 12.[71] | |
| 1735 | Cayman Islands | September | N/A [67] | |
| 1736 | West of Cayman Islands to Pensacola, Florida, Santa Rosa Island, Florida | September 16–19 | The Spanish settlement at Santa Rosa Island, Florida was swept away by storm surge.[72][73] | |
| 1737 | Antigua, Saint Kitts, Montserrat to Dominican Republic | September 7–10 [O.S. August 28–31] | Several people drowned | This storm destroyed many ships.[74] |
| 1738 | Guadeloupe, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic | August 28–31 [O.S. August 17–20] | N/A | Hurricane Santa Rosa of 1738 was a hurricane caused damage to agriculture and to many homes in Puerto Rico. It is estimated that it entered Puerto Rico in the east and crossed over the entire island, then passed on to the Dominican Republic.[15][75] |
| 1738 | Puerto Rico | September 12 | N/A | Hurricane San Leoncio of 1738 was a hurricane caused damage to agriculture and to many homes on the south side of Puerto Rico. There was no reported damage from San Juan. The hurricane headed to Hispaniola on September 13. |
| 1740 | Puerto Rico to Dominican Republic | August 3 | Hurricane San Esteban of 1740. This hurricane passed close to the south of the island and then later affected the northeast Dominican Republic. The city of Ponce reported the most damage. This was the first of two hurricanes that impacted Puerto Rico in 1740.[26] | |
| 1740 | Puerto Rico | September 11–12 | N/A | Hurricane San Vicente of 1740[76] Affected San Juan, Puerto Rico on the northern side of the island. Two ships were destroyed by the hurricane. The hurricane was not strong.[38][26][77] |
| 1740 | Antigua to Nassau, Bahamas to Mobile, Alabama, Louisiana | September 8–22 [O.S. August 28-September 11] | N/A | Twin Mobile Hurricanes of 1740. On September 22 to 23, a hurricane destroyed the town of La Balize.[78][79] |
| 1740 | Mobile, Alabama | September 29 [O.S. September 18] | N/A | Twin Mobile Hurricanes of 1740.[78][80] |
| 1741 | Santa Rosa Island, Pensacola Florida | Unknown | A hurricane hits northwest Florida Santa Rosa island. Santa Rosa was settled by Spain on November 25, 1722.[81] | |
| 1742 | Virgin Islands to Puerto Rico to Hispaniola | October 27–31 [O.S. October 14–20] | N/A | Hurricane San Judas Tadeo of 1742 On October 27 to 28, a hurricane passed at some distance on the north side of Puerto Rico affecting St. Thomas. Strong winds caused high seas, which damaged ships. Hispaniola on October 31.[82] |
| 1743 | Jamaica to offshore South Carolina coast | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_Atlantic_hurricanes_in_the_18th_century