Liatongus

Liatongus
	Liatongus militaris
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Scarabaeidae
Tribe:	Oniticellini
Genus:	Liatongus; Reitter, 1893

Liatongus is a genus of dung beetles in the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the scarab beetle family.^[1]^[2] At least part of the upper surfaces are without hairs; the head and pronotal disc are generally sculptured; and the genae are rounded, with little or no indentation between the clypeus and the genae. Length ranges from 7.4 to 10.9 mm. Colours vary: they may be uniform brown or dull purple, or have red, white or yellow patterns on the elytra.^[1]

Distribution

Found in three regions: Afrotropical, Oriental to eastern Palearctic, and western Nearctic.^[1]

Taxonomy

There are 38-46 species; 17 are from Africa.^[1]^[3]

Gallery

Liatongus militaris
Liatongus femoratus
Liatongus gagatinus
Liatongus incurvicornis
Liatongus mergacerus
Liatongus rhadamistus
Liatongus venator
Liatongus vertagus

Species

These 43 species belong to the genus Liatongus:

Liatongus affinis (Arrow, 1908)^{c g}
Liatongus amitinus (Boucomont, 1921)^{c g}
Liatongus ancorifer Kral & Rejsek, 1999^{c g}
Liatongus appositicornis Kral & Rejsek, 1999^{c g}
Liatongus arrowi (Boucomont, 1921)^{c g}
Liatongus aterrimus (Boucomont, 1921)^{c g}
Liatongus bucerus (Fairmaire, 1891)^{c g}
Liatongus californicus (Horn, 1882)^{i c g b}
Liatongus clypeocornis Scheuern, 1988^{c g}
Liatongus davidi (Boucomont, 1919)^{c g}
Liatongus denticornis (Fairmaire, 1887)^{c g}
Liatongus endroedii Balthasar, 1956^{c g}
Liatongus femoratus (Illiger, 1800)^{c g}
Liatongus ferreirae Balthasar, 1964^{c g}
Liatongus fulvostriatus D'Orbigny, 1916^{c g}
Liatongus gagatinus (Hope, 1831)^{c g}
Liatongus hastatus Kral & Rejsek, 1999^{c g}
Liatongus imitator Balthasar, 1938^{c g}
Liatongus incurvicornis (Fairmaire, 1887)^{c g}
Liatongus indicus (Arrow, 1908)^c
Liatongus interruptus (Quedenfeldt, 1884)^{c g}
Liatongus martialis (Harold, 1879)^{c g}
Liatongus medius (Fairmaire, 1889)^{c g}
Liatongus mergacerus (Hope, 1831)^{c g}
Liatongus militaris (Castelnau, 1840)^{c g}
Liatongus minutus (Motschulsky, 1860)^c
Liatongus phanaeoides (Westwood, 1839)^{c g}
Liatongus pugionatus (Boheman, 1858)^{c g}
Liatongus raffrayi (Lansberge, 1886)^{c g}
Liatongus rhinoceros Arrow, 1931^{c g}
Liatongus rhinocerulus (Bates, 1889)^{c g}
Liatongus schoutedeni (Boucomont, 1920)^c
Liatongus sjostedti (Felsche, 1904)^{c g}
Liatongus spathulatus (Roth, 1851)^{c g}
Liatongus taurus (Boucomont, 1920)^{c g}
Liatongus testudo (Lansberge, 1886)^{c g}
Liatongus triacanthus (Boucomont, 1920)^{c g}
Liatongus tridentatus (Boucomont, 1919)^{c g}
Liatongus tuberculicollis (Felsche, 1909)^{c g}
Liatongus upembanus Janssens, 1953^{c g}
Liatongus urus (Kolbe, 1914)^{c g}
Liatongus venator (Fabricius, 1801)^{c g}
Liatongus vertagus (Fabricius, 1798)^{c g}

Data sources: i = ITIS,^[4] c = Catalogue of Life,^[5] g = GBIF,^[6] b = Bugguide.net^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Davis, Adrian L.V.; Frolov, Andrey V.; Scholtz, Clarke H. (2008). The African dung beetle genera (1st ed.). Pretoria: Protea Book House. p. 237. ISBN 9781869192440.
^ Philips, T. Keith (11 April 2016). "Phylogeny of the Oniticellini and Onthophagini dung beetles (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from morphological evidence". ZooKeys (579): 9–57. doi:10.3897/zookeys.579.6183. PMC 4829968. PMID 27110200.
^ "Liatongus - Wikispecies". species.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
^ "Liatongus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "Browse Liatongus". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "Liatongus". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "Liatongus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

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[Davis2008-1] Davis, Adrian L.V.; Frolov, Andrey V.; Scholtz, Clarke H. (2008). The African dung beetle genera (1st ed.). Pretoria: Protea Book House. p. 237. ISBN 9781869192440.

[Philips2016-2] Philips, T. Keith (11 April 2016). "Phylogeny of the Oniticellini and Onthophagini dung beetles (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from morphological evidence". ZooKeys (579): 9–57. doi:10.3897/zookeys.579.6183. PMC 4829968. PMID 27110200.

[3] "Liatongus - Wikispecies". species.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 29 December 2016.

[itis-4] "Liatongus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[catlife-5] "Browse Liatongus". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[gbif-6] "Liatongus". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[bugref-7] "Liatongus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

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