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The Kurdish chiefdoms or principalities were several semi-independent entities which existed during the 16th to 19th centuries during the state of continuous warfare between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran.[1] The Kurdish principalities were almost always divided and entered into rivalries against each other.[1] The demarcation of borders between the Safavid Shah Safi and the Ottoman caliph Sultan Murad IV in 1639 effectively divided Kurdistan between the two empires.[1]
The eyalet of Diyarbakir was the center of the major and minor Kurdish chiefdoms. However, other Kurdish emirates existed outside of Diyarbakir.[2][3]
Policy during the Ottoman-Persian wars
The Ottomans gave the Kurds self-rule during the Ottoman-Persian wars, to ensure that the Kurds remain on the Ottoman side. After the Treaty of Erzurum in 1823 the Persian threat was reduced & the Ottomans brought the Kurdish Chiefdoms under direct control.[4]
List
Major emirates
Minor emirates
- Çemişgezek
- Suveydi
- Zirqan (Zeyrek)
See also
- Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
- List of Kurdish dynasties and countries
- Ayyubids
- Shaddadids
- Islamic Emirate of Byara
- Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
- Mount Lebanon Emirate
Notes
- ^ a b c KurdishGlobe- Kurdish Nationalism in Mam u Zin of Ahmad-î Khânî -- (Part XII) Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kurdish notables and the Ottoman state: evolving identities, competing ..., p. 49, at Google Books By Hakan Özoğlu
- ^ "The Formation of Ottoman Kurdistan: Social, Economic and Political Developments in Ottoman Kurdistan before the Nineteenth Century (1514–1800)". The Formation of Ottoman Kurdistan: Social, Economic and Political Developments in Ottoman Kurdistan before the Nineteenth Century (1514–1800) (Chapter 2) - The Political Economy of the Kurds of Turkey. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Core. 2017. pp. 64–92. doi:10.1017/9781316848579.005. ISBN 9781107181236.
- ^ "The Ottoman conquest of Dyarbekir and the administrative organization of the province in the 16th and 17th centuries" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
References
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