A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| Cahuapanan | |
|---|---|
| Kawapanan | |
| Geographic distribution | Peru |
| Linguistic classification | Macro-Jibaro ?
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | cahu1265 |
The Cahuapanan languages are a language family spoken in the Amazon basin of northern Peru. They include two languages, Chayahuita and Jebero, which are spoken by more than 11,300 people. Chayahuita is spoken by most of that number, but Jebero is almost extinct.
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kechua, Arawak, Kandoshi, Pukina, and Karib language families due to contact.[1]
Varieties
- Chayahuita or Chawi (also known or rendered as Balsapuertino, Cahuapa, Chayabita, Chayawita, Chayhuita, Tshaahui, Paranapura, Shayabit)
- Chayahuita dialect
- Cahuapana dialect
- Jebero (also known or rendered as Chebero, Xebero, Xihuila)
Glottolog classifies the extinct language Maynas as close to Chawi.
Other Cahuapanan varieties that are listed by Loukotka (1968):[2]
- Yamorai - spoken on the Sillai River in Loreto Department
- Ataguate - extinct language of the same region, once spoken on the Aipena River and around Lake Atagua (unattested)
- Pamdabegue - once spoken on the Aipena River and Paranapura River in Loreto Department (unattested)
- Miguira (Shuensampi, Miquira, Mikirá[3]) - extinct language once spoken in the single village of Maucallacta on the Paranapura River
Proto-language
| Proto-Cahuapanan | |
|---|---|
| Proto-Kawapanan | |
| Reconstruction of | Cahuapanan languages |
Rojas-Berscia (2019)
Rojas-Berscia (2019) gives the following forms for Proto-Kawapanan, along with their respective Shawi, and Shiwilu reflexes.[4]
gloss Proto-Kawapanan Shawi Shiwilu agouti *îtɘʔ ihtɘʔ ɘttʃɘk Aipena River *aîpina ~ *îpina aipina ɘrpina anona *aɘ ~ *ɘ ɘ-(ʃa), aɘ ɘk-pi apangora crab *sîwa ʃiwa sɘrwa armadillo *tiʔlɘ(ʔ) tɘʔnɘ-ʃa(ʔ)wɘ tʃiʔlɘk bat *isɘʔ isɘʔ iʃɘk belly *yuʔ yoʔ ð̞u ʔ bird *iLansîʔ, *ilansîʔ inansi-raʔ, ina(i)nʃi-ra ~ inai-ra ilansɘrʔ bite *ki-tɘ(ʔ)- kɘ-tɘ- ki-tɘk- blood *wɘLa-yɘʔ wɘna-iʔ wɘkla-ð̞ek boa *kupi-wan kopi-wan kupiwan boquichico *wankî wanki wankɘr-tʃɘk breadfruit *pîtu pito pɘttʃu brother (of a woman) *yuʔyuʔ yoʔyoʔ yuyuʔ burn (vt.) *yiʔsîʔ- iʔʃi- 'dip into salt’ ð̞iʔsɘrʔ- carry *piʔpɘ(ʔ)- pɘʔpɘ- piʔpɘk- chest *tiʔ-tɘʔ tɘʔ-tɘʔ ‘breast (of birds)’ tʃiʔ-tɘk choro monkey *suluʔ soroʔ suluʔ cicada *kaʼyula kaʔyora kað̞ula condor *tamɘ tamɘ tamɘk coto monkey *luʔluʔ noʔnoʔ luʔluʔ cover:CL *-tɘʔ -tɘʔ -tɘk cunchi *tuʔwan toʔwan tuʔwan cunchi (fish sp.) *ikîa-La ~ *ikîla-La ikia-na < *îkîa-{l/n}a ikɘλa-la cunchi, tullu uma *tuʔwan toʔwan tuʔwan curassow *iʼsa iʔsa iʃa ear *wɘ wɘ-ra-tɘʔ wɘk earth *luʔpaʔ noʔpaʔ luʔpaʔ earth:CL *-luʔ -nuʔ - luʔ egg *kayuʔ kayoʔ kað̞uʔ evening star *îʔwa-yu iʔwa-yo ɘrʔwa-ð̞u feather, bodily hair *anpuluʔ anporoʔ anpuluʔ fire *pɘn pɘn pɘn firewood *yiwɘ iwɘ ð̞iwɘk fish *samî sami samɘr floodplain *titɘ(ʔ)-pi tɘtɘ-pi ~ tɘti-wi tʃitɘk-pi-luʔ flower *yanku yanko ð̞anku foot *lan-tɘʔ nan-tɘʔ lan-tɘk genipa *ɘsa isa ɘksa giant armadillo *ipɘ ɘpɘ ~ ipɘ ipɘk hair *aîn ~ *în ain ɘrn head *mutuʔ motoʔ mutuʔ horn *pɘnmun pomon pɘnmun house *piyɘʔ pɘiʔ pið̞ɘk huaman samana tree *anpînian anpinian anpɘnɲan huangana *laman naman laman huasaco *aʔlanan aʔnanan aʔlanan huito tree *ɘsa isa ɘksa husband *suʔya suʔya, suʔ-in suð̞a, suð̞-in irapai palm *panpɘ panpɘ panpɘk-lu jaguar *niʼniʔ niʔniʔ ɲiɲiʔ(-wa) knee *tuʔtuʔpi toʔtopi tuʔtuʔpi leaf for the roof *paLi pani-ra paʎi leg *tuLa tona tula liquid:CL *-yɘʔ -iʔ -ð̞ɘk lisa fish *nîka-la nika-ra nɘrka-la louse *timɘn tɘmɘn tʃimɘn macana fish *sîʼwi(n) ʃiʔwi-roʔ sɘrwin maize *tiʔtîʔ ʃiʔʃiʔ < *tîʔtîʔ tʃitɘr ~ tʃitɘrʔ mammal sp. *puʔsî poʔʃi ‘squirrel sp.’ puʔsɘr ‘pygmy-marmoset’ manioc *kîʔ kiʔ kɘrʔ maquisapa *tuʼya toʔya tuð̞a moriche palm *tipî ʃipi < *tîpî tʃipɘr ~ tʃipɘrʔ mosquito net *tipî-tɘʔ ʃipi-tɘʔ < *tîpî-tɘʔ tʃipɘr-tʃɘk ~ tʃipɘt-tʃɘk mouth, language *lanlan/*lanlam-V-, *laʔlaʔ nanan / nanam-ɘn musmuque monkey *kuyɘ kuwi kuð̞ɘk nail *tuʔ-tɘ(ʔ)-la toʔ-tɘ-ra-tɘʔ tuʔtɘk-la name *linlin ninin ʎinʎin nose *nî-tɘʔ ni-tɘʔ nɘrtʃɘk ~ nɘttʃɘk opossum *ana-sî anaʃi anasɘr otter *yɘnni ini ð̞ɘnɲi over *ayi- ai- að̞i- pain in the eye *yaʼpi- yaʔpi-ra ‘eye’ ð̞api- pineapple *sînpa ʃinpa sɘrnpa platanillo *tanku tanko ‘platanillo’ tanku ‘banana’ porcupine *sisɘ(ʔ) sɘsɘʔ ~ sɘsɘ sisɘk ~ siʔsɘk pressing with fingernails *yɘʔ- iʔ- ð̞ɘk- pucacuru ant *lipî nipi lipɘr-λa pus *yuLîʔ yoniʔ ð̞ulɘrʔ-yuʔ rain *uʔlan oʔnan uʔlan recently/late, afternoon *îʔwa iʔwa ɘrʔwa reed *siwî(n) ʃiwi siwɘn-ɲan river mouth *tinpîn-nan / *tinpîn-nam- tʃinpinam-ɘn tʃinpɘnɲan root *i-tɘʔ i-tɘʔ i-tɘk rope *iLa-lin ina-rin ila-ʎin sachavaca, tapir *panwala pawara panwala sand *yî-luʔ-tɘʔ i-nu-tɘʔ ð̞ɘ-λuʔ-tɘk scare *ayi(ʔ)wan aiwan að̞iwan- shrimp *wan wan-ʃa wan-ʃɘn sister (of a man) *utî oʃi, uʃi utɘr sister (of a woman) *kayɘ kai, 3 kai-n kað̞ɘk, kað̞ɘ-n sour *aî- ~ *î- ai- ɘr- sweet *kasî- kaʃi kasɘr termite *îʔtɘ(ʔ)l... ~ *îʔtɘ(ʔ)l... iʔtɘrɘʔ ɘttʃɘkla thief (> to steal) *apî(ʔ) apiʔ apɘr- thin *simɘn ʃimɘn- simɘn thorn *lawan nawan lawan tick *tɘpa tɘpa tɘkpa to believe *latɘ(ʔ)- natɘ- latɘk- to bite *ki-tɘ(ʔ)- kɘtɘ- kitɘk to burn *aʼpɘ(ʔ)- aʔpɘ- apɘk- to burn (vt.) *yiʔsîʔ- iʔʃi- ‘to dip into salt’ < *yîʔsî- ð̞iʔsɘrʔ to bury *paʼpîʔ- paʔpi- papɘrʔ- to carry *piʔpɘ(ʔ)- pɘʔpɘ- piʔpɘk- to climb *nanpɘ(ʔ)- nanpɘ- nanpɘk- to come *wɘʔ- wɘʔ- wɘk- to crawl *patɘ(ʔ)- patɘ- patɘk- to cut *pɘʔtɘ(ʔ)- ~ *pɘʼtɘ(ʔ)- pɘʔtɘ- pɘktɘk- to die *timin- tʃimin- tʃimin- to die out *takîʔ- taki- takɘrʔ to eat, to have sex *kaʔ- kaʔ- kaʔ- to end *nanîʔ- nani- ‘to end’ nanɘrʔ- ‘to forget, to flee’ to fly *pɘn- pɘn- pɘn- to fry, to singe *kɘ-, *kɘ-t- kɘ-t- kɘk- to gnaw *wɘLu- wɘno- wɘklu- to jump *inyɘ(ʔ)- nii- inð̞ɘk to kneel *iyɘnsun- ison- yɘnsun- to know *luwî- nowi- luwɘr- to meet (to find?) *kapîʔ- na-kapi- kapɘrʔ- to plant *tîaʔ- ʃaʔ- tɘra- to pour *pasîʔ- paʃi- ‘to perfume’ pasɘrʔ- to see *liʔ- niʔ- ʎiʔ- to sting *wî- wi- wɘr- to suck, to lick *iluʔ- iro- iluʔ- to sweep *witɘ(ʔ)- wɘtɘ- ‘to extend’ witɘk- to tie *tɘnpuʔ- tonpoʔ ‘bundle’, tonpo- ~ tɘnpo- tɘnpuʔ- Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Kawapana_languages
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