A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| Jiufotang Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Aptian ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Jehol Group |
| Sub-units | Shangheshou & Meileyingzi Beds |
| Underlies | Fuxin & Shahai Formations |
| Overlies | Yixian Formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Mudstone |
| Other | Sandstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 41°12′N 119°24′E / 41.2°N 119.4°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 44°24′N 119°30′E / 44.4°N 119.5°E |
| Region | Liaoning |
| Country |  China |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Jiufotang, Pingfangzi, Liaoning |
| Named by | Ryuji Endo |
| Year defined | 1934[1] |
  Jiufotang Formation (China)  Jiufotang Formation (Liaoning) | |
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组; pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous.[2] Fossils of Microraptor and Jeholornis are from the Jiufotang.[3]
Fossil content
Choristoderans
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Abundance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philydrosaurus | P. proseilus | Monjurosuchid | |||
| Ikechosaurus | I. pijiagouensis | Simoedosaurid | |||
| Liaoxisaurus | L. chaoyangensis | Simoedosaurid | |||
| Hyphalosaurus | H. baitaigouensis[4] | Hyphalosaurid |
Fish
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caeruleum | C. miraculum[5] | Weichang | A lamprey | ||
| C. gracilis[6] | Weichang | A lamprey | |||
| Jinanichthys | J. longicephalus | An osteoglossomorph | |||
| Lycoptera | L. davidi | An osteoglossomorph |  | ||
| Peipiaosteus | P. pani | A fish related to sturgeons | |||
| Protopsephurus | P. liui | A paddlefish | |||
| Sinamia | S. zdanskyi | An amiiform |  |
Mammaliamorphs
Several mammaliamorph specimens have been found from the Jiufotang, but only a few have been formally described and named.
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cokotherium | C. jiufotangensis[7] | Partial skeleton | A eutherian | ||
| Fossiomanus | F. sinensis[8] | A nearly complete skeleton | A tritylodontid cynodont, likely the youngest known non-mammalian synapsid | ||
| Liaoconodon | L. hui[9] | A nearly complete skeleton | A eutriconodont | ||
| Unnamed mammal | Unnamed | Partial remains including a foot and fragments of the skull | A mammal similar to Eomaia and Sinodelphys from the Yixian Formation. Found as stomach contents of Microraptor zhaoianus. |
Ornithischians
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
C. chaoyangensis[10] |
Liaoning | A nearly complete skeleton missing only the distal portion of the caudal series. |
A basal ankylosaurid, sister taxon to Liaoningosaurus.[10] |
 | ||
| Liaoningosaurus[11] | L. paradoxus[11] |  | ||||
|
Meileyingzi Bed |
" individuals, complete skulls."[12] |
A ceratopsian. |
  | |||
|
Shangheshou and Meileyingzi Beds |
Pterosaurs
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
C. zhangi |
A chaoyangopterid[13] |
    | ||||
|
E. liaoxiensis |
A chaoyangopterid[13] | |||||
|
F. youngi |
Jianshangou Bed |
A boreopterid | ||||
| Forfexopterus | F. jeholensis | A ctenochasmatid | ||||
|
G. jingangshanensis |
Jingangshan Bed |
A ctenochasmatid | ||||
| Guidraco |
G. venator |
|||||
| Hongshanopterus | H. lacustris | An istiodactylid | ||||
| Huaxiadraco | H. corollatus | Multiple specimens | A tapejarid[15] | |||
|
"H." benxiensis |
A tapejarid; synonymized with Huaxiadraco in 2023 | |||||
| Ikrandraco |
I. avatar |
|||||
|
J. edentus |
A chaoyangopterid[13] | |||||
|
L. gui |
||||||
|
L. brachyognathus |
An istiodactylid[13] | |||||
|
L. jennyae |
||||||
| Meilifeilong | M. youhao | Jianchang | A nearly complete skeleton and a partial skull | A chaoyangopterid[16] | ||
|
N. crypticus |
A tapejaromorph; previously and still occasionally thought to be a tapejarid. Most likely a juvenile, hence small size. | |||||
|
N. ignaciobritoi |
An istiodactylid[13] | |||||
| Pangupterus | P. liui | A pterodactyloid | ||||
|
S. chaoyangensis |
A chaoyangopterid | |||||
| S. sanyainus | A chaoyangopterid[17] | |||||
|
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