A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
The term human blood group systems is defined by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) as systems in the human species where cell-surface antigens—in particular, those on blood cells—are "controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them",[1] and include the common ABO and Rh (Rhesus) antigen systems, as well as many others; 44 human systems are identified as of December 2022[update].[2]
Table of systems and classifications
| ISBT No.[3] | System name | System symbol | Structure / function | Chromosome | Antigens | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | ABO | ABO | Carbohydrate (N-Acetylgalactosamine, galactose). | 9q34.2 | A, B, H | Mainly elicit IgM antibody reactions, although anti-H is very rare, see the Hh antigen system (Bombay phenotype, ISBT #18). |
| 002 | MNS | MNS | GPA / GPB (glycophorins A and B). | 4q31.21 | M, N, S, s | |
| 003 | P1PK | P | Glycolipid | 22q13.2 | P1, P, and Pk | |
| 004 | Rhesus | RH | Protein and glucose. | 1p36.11 | C, c, D, E, e | There is no "d" antigen; lowercase "d" indicates the absence of D. |
| 005 | Lutheran | LU | Protein (member of the immunoglobulin superfamily). | 19q13.32 | 21 antigens | |
| 006 | Kell | KEL | Glycoprotein. | 7q34 | K, k, Kpa, Kpb, Jsa and Jsb [4] | |
| 007 | Lewis | LE | Carbohydrate (fucose residue). | 19p13.3 | Mainly Lea and Leb | Associated with tissue ABH antigen secretion. |
| 008 | Duffy | FY | Protein (chemokine receptor). | 1q23.2 | Mainly Fya and Fyb | Individuals lacking Duffy antigens altogether are immune to malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. |
| 009 | Kidd | JK | Protein (urea transporter). | 18q12.3 | Jka and Jkb | |
| 010 | Diego | DI | Glycoprotein (band 3, AE 1, or anion exchange). | 17q21.31 | Positive blood is found only among East Asians and Native Americans. | |
| 011 | Yt | YT | Protein (AChE, acetylcholinesterase). | 7q22.1 | ||
| 012 | XG | XG | Glycoprotein. | Xp22.33 | ||
| 013 | Scianna | SC | Glycoprotein. | 1p34.2 | ||
| 014 | Dombrock | DO | Glycoprotein (fixed to cell membrane by GPI, or glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol). | 12p12.3 | ||
| 015 | Colton | CO | Aquaporin 1. | 7p14.3 | Mainly Co(a) and Co(b) | |
| 016 | Landsteiner-Wiener | LW | Protein (member of the immunoglobulin superfamily). | 19p13.2 | ||
| 017 | Chido/Rodgers | CH | C4A C4B (complement fractions). | 6p21.3 | ||
| 018 | Hh | H | Carbohydrate (fucose residue). | 19q13.33 | ||
| 019 | XK | XK | Glycoprotein. | Xp21.1 | ||
| 020 | Gerbich | GE | GPC / GPD (Glycophorins C and D). | 2q14.3 | ||
| 021 | Cromer | CROM | Glycoprotein (DAF or CD55, regulates complement fractions C3 and C5, attached to the membrane by GPI). | 1q32.2 | ||
| 022 | Knops | KN | Glycoprotein (CR1 or CD35, immune complex receptor). | 1q32.2 | ||
| 023 | Indian | IN | Glycoprotein (CD44 adhesion function?). | 11p13 | ||
| 024 | Ok | OK | Glycoprotein (CD147). | 19p13.3 | ||
| 025 | Raph | RAPH | Transmembrane glycoprotein. | 11p15.5 | ||
| 026 | JMH | JMH | Protein (fixed to cell membrane by GPI). Also known as Semaphorin 7A or CD108. | 15q24.1 | ||
| 027 | Ii | I | Branched (I) / unbranched (i) polysaccharide. | 6p24.2 | ||
| 028 | Globoside | GLOB | Glycolipid. Antigen P. | 3q26.1 | ||
| 029 | GIL | GIL | Aquaporin 3.[citation needed] | 9p13.3 | ||
| 030 | Rh-associated glycoprotein | RHAg | Rh-associated glycoprotein.[citation needed] | 6p21-qter | ||
| 031 | Forssman | FORS | Globoside alpha-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (GBGT1).[citation needed] | 9q34.13 | ||
| 032 | Langereis[5] | LAN | ABCB6, human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, mitochondrial porphyrin transporter.[5] | 2q36 | ||
| 033 | Junior | JR | ABCG2. Multi-drug transporter protein.[citation needed] | 4q22 | ||
| 034 | Vel | Vel | Human red cell antigens.[citation needed] | 1p36.32 | ||
| 035 | CD59 | CD59 | — | 11p13 | ||
| 036 | Augustine | AUG | Protein (transporter).[6] | 6p21.1 | ||
| 037 | KANNO[7][8] | PRNP | — | 20p13 | ||
| 038 | SID | SID | 17q21.32 | |||
| 039 | CTL2 | CTL2 | 19p13.2 | |||
| 040 | PEL | PEL | 13q32.1 | |||
| 041 | MAM | MAM | 19q13.33 | |||
| 042 | EMM | EMM | 4p16.3 | |||
| 043 | ABCC1 | ABCC1 | 16p13.11 | |||
| 044 | Er[9] | Er | Protein | Era, Erb, Er3, Er4, and Er5 | Illustrates potential antigenicity of low abundance membrane proteins and contributes to understanding of in vivo characteristics of the Piezo1 protein in transfusion biology |
Antibodies
Following is a comparison of clinically relevant characteristics of antibodies against the main human blood group systems:[10]
| ABO | Rh | Kell | Duffy | Kidd | Lutheran | MNS | Lewis | P | Ii | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Most common in immediate hemolytic transfusion reactions | A | Yes | Fya | Jka | ||||||
| Most common in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions | E,D,C | Jka | ||||||||
| Most common in hemolytic disease of the newborn | Yes | D,C | Yes | |||||||
| Commonly produce intravascular hemolysis | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||
| Reactive at room temperature | Yes | M,N | Lea, Leb | P1 | ||||||
| Nearly always clinically insignificant | Yes | M,N | Yes | P1 | ||||||
| Naturally occurring | Yes | Yes | M,N | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Enhanced by ficain[11] and papain[12] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | P1 | Yes | ||||
| Destroyed by ficain[11] and papain[12] | Fya, Fyb | Yes | Yes | |||||||
| Displaying dosage | Cc, Ee | Yes | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Human_blood_group_systems