Hannoa

Hannoa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Simaroubaceae
Genus:	Hannoa; Planch.

Hannoa is a genus of plant in the family Simaroubaceae. Found in tropical parts of Africa.

Description

The genus consists of trees, shrubs or shrublets. They have leaves that are not crowded at the ends of the branches, imparipinnate. With leaflets opposite or alternate (spaced), sometimes with scattered thickenings or depressions. The flowers are unisexual or bisexual. The inflorescences are axillary or terminal or paniculate. The carpels are 1-ovulate. They have 6–9 petals, which are imbricate (overlapping). The ovary in bisexual flowers is similar but much larger. The calyx is irregularly and sometimes shallowly 2–4-lobed. They generally have a vestigial ovary in the male flowers which is sunk in the disk, of 5 carpels with very short connate styles and 5 stigmas. They normally have 10 stamens but can have up to 12–14, with 5 opposing the petals and somewhat shorter. The flower disk is thick and fleshy, ± 10-ribbed or -lobed. The fruit (or seed capsule) consists of 1–3 disruptive mericarps.^[1]

Taxonomy

The genus was first published in London J. Bot. vol.5 on page 566 in 1846.^[2]

Plants of the World Online lists 2 accepted species;^[2]

Hannoa ferruginea Engl. (syn. Quassia sanguinea)
Hannoa schweinfurthii Oliv. (syn. Quassia schweinfurthii (Oliv.) Noot. and Simaba schweinfurthii (Oliv.) Feuillet)

It is an accepted genus by GRIN (United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service), but they only list 1 species, Hannoa undulata (Guill. & Perr.) Planch.^[3]

While World Flora Online lists it as a synonym of Quassia L.^[4]

Former species

As listed by Plants of the World;^[2]

Hannoa kitombetombe G.C.C.Gilbert now Odyendea gabunensis (Pierre) Engl.
Hannoa klaineana Pierre & Engl. now Odyendea gabunensis (Pierre) Engl.
Hannoa chlorantha (Pierre) Engl. now Odyendea klaineana (Pierre) Engl.

Distribution

They are native to Cameroon, Nigeria, Sudan and Zaïre.^[2]

Uses

Hannoa klaineana and Hannoa chlorantha are used in traditional medicine of Central African countries against fevers and malaria.^[5]^[6]

References

^ "Flora Zambesiaca (FZ) | Kew". www.kew.org. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Hannoa Planch. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
^ "Species of Hannoa Planch". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
^ "Hannoa Planch". Retrieved 11 November 2023.
^ François G, Diakanamwa C, Timperman G, Bringmann G, Steenackers T, Atassi G, Van Looveren M, Holenz J, Tassin JP, Assi LA, Vanhaelen-Fastre R, Vanhaelen M (1998). "Antimalarial and cytotoxic potential of four quassinoids from Hannoa chlorantha and Hannoa klaineana, and their structure-activity relationships". Int. J. Parasitol. 28 (4): 635–40. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00008-3. PMID 9602388.
^ Lumonadio, L.; Atassi, G.; Vanhaelen, M.; Vanhaelen-Fastre, R. (1991). "Antitumor activity of quassinoids from Hannoa klaineana". J. Ethnopharmacol. 31: 59–65.

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[1] "Flora Zambesiaca (FZ) | Kew". www.kew.org. Retrieved 11 November 2023.

[Powo-2] "Hannoa Planch. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 11 November 2023.

[Grin-3] "Species of Hannoa Planch". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 11 November 2023.

[4] "Hannoa Planch". Retrieved 11 November 2023.

[5] François G, Diakanamwa C, Timperman G, Bringmann G, Steenackers T, Atassi G, Van Looveren M, Holenz J, Tassin JP, Assi LA, Vanhaelen-Fastre R, Vanhaelen M (1998). "Antimalarial and cytotoxic potential of four quassinoids from Hannoa chlorantha and Hannoa klaineana, and their structure-activity relationships". Int. J. Parasitol. 28 (4): 635–40. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00008-3. PMID 9602388.

[Lumonadio1991-6] Lumonadio, L.; Atassi, G.; Vanhaelen, M.; Vanhaelen-Fastre, R. (1991). "Antitumor activity of quassinoids from Hannoa klaineana". J. Ethnopharmacol. 31: 59–65.

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