The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents.^[2]: 44

Comparing GNI to GDP shows the degree to which a nation's GDP represents domestic or international activity. GNI has gradually replaced GNP in international statistics.^[3][4] While being conceptually identical, it is calculated differently.^[5] GNI is the basis of calculation of the largest part of contributions to the budget of the European Union.^[6] In February 2017, Ireland's GDP became so distorted from the base erosion and profit shifting ("BEPS") tax planning tools of U.S. multinationals, that the Central Bank of Ireland replaced Irish GDP with a new metric, Irish Modified GNI (or "GNI*"). In 2017, Irish GDP was 162% of Irish Modified GNI.^[7]

Comparison of GNI and GDP

${\displaystyle \mathrm {GNI} =\mathrm {GDP} +{\text{Money flowing from foreign countries}}-{\text{Money flowing to foreign countries}}}$

Comparison of GNI (Atlas method), GNI and GDP
2018 World Bank (millions of current US$)

No.	Country	GNI (Atlas method)[8]		GNI[9]		GDP[10]
		value (a)	a - GDP	value (b)	b - GDP
1	United States	20,636,317	91,974	20,837,347	293,004	20,544,343
2	China	13,181,372	-426,779	13,556,853	-51,298	13,608,151
3	Japan	5,226,599	255,276	5,155,423	184,100	4,971,323
4	Germany	3,905,321	-42,299	4,058,030	110,410	3,947,620
5	France	2,855,844	-45,685	2,832,584	43,684	2,804,484
6	United Kingdom	2,777,405	-77,891	2,816,805	-38,491	2,855,296
7	India	2,727,893	9,161	2,691,040	-27,692	2,718,732
8	Italy	2,038,376	-45,488	2,106,525	22,661	2,083,864
9	Brazil	1,902,286	16,804	1,832,170	-53,312	1,885,482
10	Canada	1,665,565	-47,776	1,694,054	-19,287	1,713,341

GNI (Atlas method) nominal

Nominal, Atlas method – millions of current US$ (top 15)^[3]

Rank	2021		2014		2013		2012		2011		2010		2009		2008		2007		2006
1	United States	23,393,117	United States	17,611,491	United States	17,001,290	United States	16,501,016	United States	15,727,291	United States	15,143,137	United States	14,740,580	United States	15,002,428	United States	14,651,211	United States	14,345,565
2	China	17,576,648	China	10,096,966	China	9,110,333	China	7,934,721	China	6,726,270	China	5,752,320	China	4,856,999	Japan	4,835,553	Japan	4,812,119	Japan	4,931,413
3	Japan	5,124,619	Japan	5,339,076	Japan	5,899,905	Japan	6,101,579	Japan	5,775,633	Japan	5,376,601	Japan	4,797,984	China	4,070,860	Germany	3,348,291	Germany	3,160,529
4	Germany	4,350,736	Germany	3,853,623	Germany	3,809,927	Germany	3,754,154	Germany	3,801,607	Germany	3,662,524	Germany	3,588,452	Germany	3,601,765	China	3,283,519	China	2,685,206
5	France	3,188,855	France	2,844,284	France	2,869,883	France	2,824,713	France	2,889,304	France	2,847,703	France	2,831,553	United Kingdom	2,904,224	United Kingdom	2,835,805	United Kingdom	2,645,489
6	United Kingdom	3,170,239	United Kingdom	2,801,499	United Kingdom	2,695,974	United Kingdom	2,612,525	United Kingdom	2,542,593	United Kingdom	2,540,957	United Kingdom	2,666,939	France	2,800,864	France	2,576,642	France	2,414,820
7	India	3,123,967	Brazil	2,429,720	Brazil	2,486,874	Brazil	2,432,061	Italy	2,237,958	Italy	2,234,508	Italy	2,227,358	Italy	2,222,143	Italy	2,093,640	Italy	1,989,288
8	Italy	2,125,095	Italy	2,147,247	Italy	2,130,760	Italy	2,143,583	Brazil	2,207,921	Brazil	1,916,260	Brazil	1,572,431	Spain	1,490,975	Canada	1,356,017	Spain	1,241,641
9	Canada	1,975,687	India	2,027,964	Russia	1,981,791	India	1,892,548	India	1,755,712	India	1,555,615	Spain	1,519,339	Canada	1,484,345	Spain	1,353,031	Canada	1,224,994
10	South Korea	1,820,500	Russia	1,930,634	India	1,952,847	Russia	1,823,299	Canada	1,617,083	Canada	1,511,465	Canada	1,447,937	Brazil	1,427,429	Brazil	1,152,772	South Korea	966,585
11	Russia	1,732,532	Canada	1,785,099	Canada	1,848,274	Canada	1,773,264	Russia	1,547,010	Spain	1,496,363	India	1,392,779	Russia	1,368,593	India	1,117,463	India	941,326
12	Brazil	1,558,511	Australia	1,444,201	Australia	1,514,269	Spain	1,396,221	Spain	1,455,758	Russia	1,425,123	Russia	1,318,495	India	1,229,139	South Korea	1,091,726	Mexico	921,879
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