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This article is missing information about other geosynchronous satellites.(April 2017) |
This is a list of satellites in geosynchronous orbit (GSO). These satellites are commonly used for communication purposes, such as radio and television networks, back-haul, and direct broadcast. Traditional global navigation systems do not use geosynchronous satellites, but some SBAS navigation satellites do. A number of weather satellites are also present in geosynchronous orbits. Not included in the list below are several more classified military geosynchronous satellites, such as PAN.
A special case of geosynchronous orbit is the geostationary orbit, which is a circular geosynchronous orbit at zero inclination (that is, directly above the equator). A satellite in a geostationary orbit appears stationary, always at the same point in the sky, to ground observers. Popularly or loosely, the term "geosynchronous" may be used to mean geostationary.[1] Specifically, geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) may be a synonym for geosynchronous equatorial orbit,[2] or geostationary Earth orbit.[3] To avoid confusion, geosynchronous satellites that are not in geostationary orbit are sometimes referred to as being in an inclined geostationary orbit (IGSO).
Some of these satellites are separated from each other by as little as 0.1° longitude. This corresponds to an inter-satellite spacing of approximately 73 km. The major consideration for spacing of geostationary satellites is the beamwidth at-orbit of uplink transmitters, which is primarily a factor of the size and stability of the uplink dish, as well as what frequencies the satellite's transponders receive; satellites with discontiguous frequency allocations can be much closer together.
As of July 2023, the website UCS Satellite Database lists 6,718 known satellites. Of these, 580 are listed in the database as being at GEO. The website provides a spreadsheet containing details of all the satellites, which can be downloaded.
Listings are from west to east (decreasing longitude in the Western Hemisphere and increasing longitude in the Eastern Hemisphere) by orbital position, starting and ending with the International Date Line. Satellites in inclined geosynchronous orbit are so indicated by a note in the "remarks" columns.
Western hemisphere
Location | Satellite | Satellite bus |
Source | Operator | Type | Coverage | Launch date, UTC, and vehicle | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
180.0°E | Intelsat 18 (Armenia 1, yude2) | Intelsat | Television and Radio Broadcasting | South Pacific, Alaska, China | 5 October 2011 Zenit 3SLB | ||||
177.0°W | NSS-9 | Orbital Star-2 |
Luxembourg | SES | Intercontinental Voice, Video, and Internet | Pacific Ocean region | 12 February 2009 Ariane 5ECA V187 |
||
177.1°W | Yamal 300K | Russia | Gazprom Space Systems | Television and Internet | Russia | 2 November 2012 Proton-M | [4] | ||
171.3°W | TDRS-10 (J), GE 2 (174°W) | United States | NASA | 5 December 2002, Atlas IIA | |||||
171.1°W | TDRS-11 | United States | NASA | 31 January 2013, Atlas V 401 | |||||
169.5°W | NSS-6 | Lockheed Martin A2100AXS |
Netherlands | SES | Direct broadcasting, video distribution | Asia | 17 December 2002 Ariane 44L |
Ku-band satellite | |
167.6°W | TDRS-5 | United States | NASA | 2 August 1991, Space Shuttle Atlantis |
|||||
148.0°W | EchoStar-1 | Lockheed Martin AS-7000 | United States | Echostar / DISH Network | Direct Broadcasting | 28 December 1995, Long March 2E | Scheduled to move to 77°W | ||
139.0°W | AMC-6, WGS 6 (135°w) | Lockheed Martin A2100AX |
United States | SES | Comsat | North America, Greenland, Latin America | 21 October 2000 Proton-K / 11September |
Formerly GE-6 (1997-2001) | |
83°W | AMC-18 | Lockheed Martin A2100A |
United States | SES and AT&T Alascom | Comsat | Canada, United States, Mexico, Caribbean | 8 December 2006 Ariane 5ECA (VA174) |
Formerly GE-18 | |
135.0°W | AMC-4, Artemis (i=14°) | Lockheed Martin 2100AX |
United States | SES | Television and Radio Broadcasting | North America, Latin America, Caribbean | 13 November 1999 Ariane 44LP H10-3 (V123) |
Formerly GE-4 (1999-2001) | |
AMC-8, Aurora-3 | Lockheed Martin 2100A |
United States | SES and AT&T Alascom | Comsat | Canada, Alaska, United States, Mexico, Caribbean | 20 December 2000 Ariane 5G (V138) |
Formerly GE-8 (2000-2001) | ||
128°W | GOES 15 | United States | National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)[5] | Weather [5] | North America and the Pacific Ocean basin [5] | 4 March 2010, Delta IV, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Florida [5] | |||
133.0°W | Galaxy-15 | United States | |||||||
131.0°W | AMC-1 | Lockheed Martin A2100 |
United States | SES | Television and Radio Broadcasting | Canada, United States, Mexico, Caribbean | 8 September 1996 Atlas IIA |
Formerly GE-1 (1996-2001) | |
AMC-11 | Lockheed Martin A2100A |
United States | SES | Television and Radio Broadcasting | Canada, Caribbean, CONUS, Mexico | 19 May 2004 Atlas IIAS |
Formerly GE-11 (2004) | ||
129.0°W | SES-15 | Boeing Satellite Systems BSS-702P |
Luxembourg | SES | Aviation, government, VSAT | North America, Latin America, Caribbean, Atlantic Ocean region | 18 May 2017 Soyuz ST-A / Fregat-M |
Hybrid Ku-band / Ka-band / WAAS satellite | |
Ciel-2 | Thales Alenia Space Spacebus 4000C4 | Canada | Ciel Satellite Group | Direct Broadcasting | North America | 10 December 2008, Proton-M / Briz M | Ku-band satellite| | ||
Galaxy-12 | Orbital Sciences Corporation STAR-2 | United States | Intelsat | Television/Radio Broadcasting | [6] Ariane 5G | replaced failed Galaxy 15 | |||
127.0°W | Galaxy 13 (aka Horizons 1) | HS-601 | United States | Intelsat | 24 C-Band transponders | 1 October 2003 | Same satellite as Horizons-1 | ||
HS-601 | United States | Japan Satellite Systems | 24 Ku-Band transponders | 1 October 2003 | Same satellite as Galaxy-13 | ||||
125.0°W | AMC-21 | Orbital ATK GEOStar-2 |
United States | SES | Comsat | Canada, United States, Mexico, Caribbean, Central America | 14 August 2008 Ariane 5 ECA |
Ku-band satellite | |
123.0°W | Galaxy 18 | LS-1300 | United States | Intelsat | Television and radio broadcasting | North America | 21 May 2008, Zenit | Hybrid C/Ku-band satellite | 2008-11-19 |
121.0°W | Galaxy-23 | FS-1300 | United States | Intelsat | Direct Broadcasting | North America | 7 August 2003 | Hybrid C/Ku/Ka-band satellite; C band payload referred to as Galaxy-23 | 2008-11-26 |
EchoStar-9 | FS-1300 | United States | Echostar/DISH Network | Direct Broadcasting | North America | 7 August 2003 | Hybrid C/Ku/Ka-band satellite; Ku/Ka-band payload referred to as EchoStar-9 | 2008-11-26 | |
119.1°W | DirecTV-7S | LS-1300 | United States | DirecTV | Direct Broadcasting | 54 Ku-band transponders | 4 May 2004 | 8 active transponders at this time | 2008-11-26 |
118.8°W | EchoStar-7 | Lockheed Martin A2100AX | United States | Echostar/DISH Network | Direct Broadcasting | 32 Ku-band transponders | 21 February 2002, Atlas IIIB | 21 active transponders at this time | 2008-11-26 |
118.7°W | Anik F3 | EADS Astrium Eurostar-3000S | Canada | Telesat Canada | Direct Broadcasting | 24 C band transponders, 32 Ku-band transponders, 2 Ka-band transponders | 11 April 2007, Proton | Ku-Band leased to Echostar/Dish Network | 2008-11-26 |
116.8°W | SatMex 5 | Hughes HS-601HP | Mexico | Satmex | 24 C-band transponders, 24 Ku-band transponders | 5 December 1998, Ariane 42L | 2008-11-26 | ||
116.1°W | SIRIUS-FM-6 | 2015-08-19 | |||||||
115.2°W | XM-Blues | United States | 30 October 2006, Zenit-3SL | ||||||
115°W | Solidaridad-2 | Mexico | Satmex | 8 October 1994, Ariane 44L | |||||
115.1°W | ViaSat-1 | LS-1300 | United States | ViaSat | 19 October 2011, Proton-M | 56 Ka-band Transponders | 2015-08-19 | ||
115°W | EUTELSAT 115 West A | 2015-08-19 | |||||||
115° W | MEXSAT 3 | 2015-08-19 | |||||||
113°W | Satmex 6 |
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Broadcast_satellite Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.
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