Bowed Clavier

Bowed clavier - engraving from Syntagma Musicum by Michael Praetorius (1575)

Bowed clavier (1625) by Raymundo Truchado - MIM Brussels

The bowed clavier (Bogenclavier, Streichklavier or Geigenwerk in German) is a keyboard instrument strung with gut strings, the tone of which is produced by a steadily revolving, well rosined cylinder powered by a foot pedal, a mechanism similar to that found in the hurdy-gurdy.^[1]

The Geigenwerck was illustrated and described by Michael Praetorius in his treatise on musical instruments Syntagma Musicum II, in the section De Organograhia, published 1614-20 in Germany.

It was re-invented by Joh. Hohlfeld of Berlin in 1751. This instrument and another one of his inventions, a device that recorded keyboard improvisations in real time, were mentioned in the "Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments" by C. P. E. Bach.

Another version was the klawiolin, designed by the Polish musician and painter Jan Jarmusiewicz (1781-1844). It was a hump-backed piano with gut strings and a mechanism controlling small bows which could imitate a string quartet.^[2]

References

^ Dolmetsch Online
^ Irena Poniatowska (2001). "Jarmusiewicz, Jan". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.

"Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments", Section Two, W. W. Norton & Company (November 1948) ISBN 0-393-09716-1

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[1] Dolmetsch Online

[2] Irena Poniatowska (2001). "Jarmusiewicz, Jan". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.

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v t e Musical and keyboard instruments
Instruments	Bowed clavier Calliope Carillon Celesta Chime Clavichord Clavicytherium Claviharp Electronic keyboard Fortepiano Harmonichord Harpsichord Keytar Melodica Organ Hammond organ Pipe organ Reed organ Theatre organ Orphica Piano Digital piano Electric piano Piano accordion Spinet Synthesizer Virginal
Layouts	Enharmonic keyboard Generalized keyboard Isomorphic keyboard Jankó keyboard Short octave
Keys	Frequencies Manual keyboard Split sharp
Pedals	Expression Soft Sustain Pedal keyboard
Piano construction	Acoustics Innovations Wiring Aliquot Cross
Maintenance	Action Piano Technicians Guild Tuning Wrench
Amplifiers, speakers	Keyboard amplifier Leslie speaker
Miscellaneous	Prepared piano

See also

References