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.svg) Emblem of the 2014 Winter Olympics | |
| Host city | Sochi, Russia |
|---|---|
| Motto | Hot. Cool. Yours. (Russian: Жаркие. Зимние. Твои., Zharkie. Zimnie. Tvoi) |
| Nations | 88 |
| Athletes | 2,873 |
| Events | 98 in 7 sports (15 disciplines) |
| Opening | 7 February 2014 |
| Closing | 23 February 2014 |
| Opened by | |
| Cauldron | |
| Stadium | Fisht Olympic Stadium |
Winter Summer
2014 Winter Paralympics | |
The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games (Russian: XXII Олимпийские зимние игры, romanized: XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 (Russian: Сочи 2014), were an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Russia. Opening rounds in certain events were held on 6 February 2014, the day before the opening ceremony.
These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach. Both the Olympics and Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
A record ninety-eight events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games. A number of new competitions—a total of twelve accounting for gender—were held during the Games, including biathlon mixed relay, women's ski jumping, mixed-team figure skating, mixed-team luge, half-pipe skiing, ski and snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel slalom. The events were held around two clusters of new venues: an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea, with Fisht Olympic Stadium, and the Games' indoor venues located within walking distance; and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana.
The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics. While originally budgeted at US$12 billion, major cost overruns caused this figure to expand to US$51 billion, more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated cost of US$44 billion for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The 2014 Games achieved a record broadcast audience of 2.1 billion people worldwide.[1]
In 2016, an independent report commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency confirmed allegations that the Russian Olympic team had been involved in a state-sponsored doping program, active from at least late-2011 through August 2015. The program was active during the Winter Olympics in Sochi, and athletes had benefited from the cover-up.[2][3][4] The IOC stripped thirteen medals from Russian athletes in 2017, but nine were reinstated by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. In December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the Russian Olympic Committee, with an option for whitelisted athletes to compete independently during the 2018 Winter Olympics.[5][6]
Bidding process
Sochi was elected on 4 July 2007 during the 119th International Olympic Committee (IOC) session held in Guatemala City, Guatemala, defeating bids from Salzburg, Austria; and Pyeongchang, South Korea.[7] This is the first time that the Russian Federation has hosted the Winter Olympics. The Soviet Union was the host of the 1980 Summer Olympics held in and around Moscow.
| City | Country (NOC) | Round 1 | Round 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sochi |  Russia |
34 | 51 |
| Pyeongchang |  South Korea |
36 | 47 |
| Salzburg |  Austria |
25 | — |
Cost and financing
As of October 2013, the estimated combined cost of the 2014 Winter Olympics had topped US$51 billion.[9] This amount included the cost for Olympic games themselves and cost of Sochi infrastructural projects (roads, railroads, power plants). This total is over four times the initial budget of $12 billion (compared to the $8 billion spent for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver), and made the Sochi games the most expensive Olympics in history, exceeding the estimated $44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing,[10] which hosted 3 times as many events.[11] Dmitry Kozak was the main overseer for the events in Sochi.[12][13][14]
In its final budget published in June 2014, Olimpstroy—the state corporation that oversaw the Sochi Olympics development—reported the total allocated funds for the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics of 1,524 billion rubles (US$49.5 billion).[15] However, only about a fifth of that budget ($10.8 billion) was directly related to the Olympic games, while the rest went into urban and regional regeneration and the conversion of the Sochi region into an all-year round sea and alpine resort.[15] The breakdown table below is based on a report that has analyzed the distribution of Olimpstroy's $49.5 billion budget. Estimates also suggest that additional unrecoverable operational costs (including for security) could have added another $3 billion.[15]
The breakdown of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics costs
| Item | Cost | |
|---|---|---|
| million RUB | million US$ | |
| Direct Olympics costs (a)+(b)+(c) | 331,098 | 10,753 |
| (a) Olympic venues | 221,592 | 7,197 |
| Coastal Cluster | 96,366 | 3,130 |
| Fisht Olympic Stadium | 18,994 | 617 |
| Bolshoy Ice Dome | 10,102 | 328 |
| Shayba Arena | 3,484 | 113 |
| Adler Arena Skating Centre | 7,406 | 241 |
| Iceberg Skating Palace | 8,127 | 264 |
| Ice Cube Curling Centre | 735 | 24 |
| Main Media Centre | 17,426 | 566 |
| The Olympic Park | 9,871 | 321 |
| Olympic Village (3000 places) | 12,217 | 397 |
| A complex for Olympic partners (1285 apartments) | 8,003 | 260 |
| Mountain Cluster | 125,226 | 4,067 |
| Rosa Khutor Extreme Park (freestyle skiing, snowboarding) | 3,393 | 110 |
| Rosa Khutor Alpine Skiing Centre | 11,911 | 387 |
| Sanki Sliding Centre (bobsleigh, luge, skeleton) | 7,487 | 243 |
| RusSki Gorki Jumping Centre (ski jumps, Nordic combined) | 9,889 | 321 |
| Laura Centre (biathlon and cross-country) and Olympic Village (1100 places) | 74,525 | 2,420 |
| Main Alpine Olympic Village (2600 places) at Rosa Khutor | 18,021 | 585 |
| (b) Site preparation and supporting infrastructure | 85,370 | 2,773 |
| Key infrastructure for Olympic venues (roads, energy, water, waste, security), planning and other works | 81,413 | 2,644 |
| SOCOG office building | 3,957 | 129 |
| (c) Operational costs (part of) | 24,135 | 784 |
| Opening/closing ceremonies (equipment and organisation) | 3,444 | 112 |
| Broadcasting and photo equipment | 13,330 | 433 |
| Vehicles for visitors and logistics | 6,958 | 226 |
| Live Sites city programme | 403 | 13 |
| INDIRECT COSTS (d)+(e) | 1,193,348 | 38,758 |
| (d) Skiing and tourist resorts | 189,937 | 6,169 |
| Gazprom Alpine Tourist Centre | 60,723 | 1,972 |
| Rosa Khutor | 35,078 | 1,139 |
| Gornaya Karusel/Gorky Gorod | 72,728 | 2,362 |
| Alpika Service | 21,408 | 695 |
| (e) Other projects | 1,003,411 | 32,589 |
| Hotels and health resorts | 130,755 | 4,247 |
| Formula One racing | 11,982 | 389 |