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"⇈", "⇅", and "⇶" redirect here. For the mathematical notation for tetration, see Knuth's up-arrow notation. For the quantum theory of electron spin, see Spin (physics). For the political symbol of the Iron Front, see Three Arrows.
An arrow is a graphical symbol, such as ← or →, or a pictogram, used to point or indicate direction. In its simplest form, an arrow is a triangle, chevron, or concave kite, usually
affixed to a line segment or rectangle,[1] and in more complex forms a representation of an actual arrow (e.g. ➵ U+27B5). The direction indicated by an arrow is the one along the length of the line or rectangle toward the single pointed end.
History
An older (medieval) convention is the manicule (pointing hand, 👈).
Pedro Reinel in c. 1504 first used the fleur-de-lis as indicating north in a compass rose;
the convention of marking the eastern direction with a cross is older (medieval).[2]
Use of the arrow symbol does not appear to pre-date the 18th century. An early arrow symbol is found in an illustration of Bernard Forest de Bélidor's treatise L'architecture hydraulique, printed in France in 1737. The arrow is here used to illustrate the direction of the flow of water and of the water wheel's rotation. At about the same time, arrow symbols were used to indicate the flow of rivers in maps.[3]
A trend toward abstraction, in which the arrow's fletching is removed, can be observed in the mid-to-late 19th century. The arrow can be seen in the work of Paul Klee. In a further abstraction of the symbol, John Richard Green's A Short History of the English People of 1874 contained maps by cartographer Emil Reich, which indicated army movements by curved lines, with solid triangular arrowheads placed intermittently along the lines.[4]
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