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Wrexham County Borough (Welsh: Bwrdeistref Sirol Wrecsam) is a county borough, with city status,[1] in the north-east of Wales. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Cheshire and Shropshire to the east and south-east respectively, Powys to the south-west, Denbighshire to the west and Flintshire to the north-west. The city of Wrexham is the administrative centre. The county borough is part of the preserved county of Clwyd.
The county borough has an area of 193 square miles (500 km2) and a population of 136,055. The north of the county borough is relatively urbanised and centred on Wrexham, with a population of 44,785, its industrial estate and several outlying villages, such as Brynteg and Gwersyllt. To the north east is the border village of Holt, while to the south of Wrexham, Rhosllanerchrugog, Ruabon, Acrefair and Cefn Mawr are the main urban villages. Further south again is the town of Chirk, near the border with Shropshire, while the Ceiriog Valley to the south-east and English Maelor to the south-west of the county borough are rural. The county borough was historically split between Denbighshire and Flintshire, with it all later being part of the county of Clwyd.
The county borough is flat in the east and hilly in the west. The long salient to the south-west incorporates most of the Ceiriog Valley and includes part of the Berwyn range. The River Ceiriog forms part of the Shropshire border in its lower stages before meeting the Dee east of Chirk. The Dee itself enters the county borough near Cefn Mawr and flows east and then north-east toward Cheshire, creating a wide plain. It forms part of the border before fully entering England at the county borough's north-east corner. The north-west of the county borough, down to Chirk, is part of the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB, and includes the Ruabon Moors uplands.
Wrexham includes the remains of two significant medieval castles: Chirk, which is now a country house, and Holt, of which only fragments remain. The county borough has a strong industrial history; a notable early business is Bersham Ironworks, in the Clywedog Valley, which operated between 1715 and 1812 and pioneered cannon manufacture. The area is part of the North Wales coalfield and significant mining took place in the nineteenth century. Tanning and brewing were also significant industries. The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct near Cefn Mawr is an important surviving piece of early industrial infrastructure and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The contemporary economy of the county borough has diversified into industries such as engineering, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and food processing, with agriculture dominant in the south-east and south-west. The county borough also contains Wrexham University, one of Wales' three Roman Catholic cathedrals, Wrexham Industrial Estate and the UK's largest prison, HMP Berwyn.
History
Borough status
In 1848, concerns over the sanitary conditions, in particular the threat of cholera,[2][3] in the growing town of Wrexham, led to locals launching a petition in February 1857 for the town to be incorporated. In September 1857, the town was granted a charter,[2][4] spanning the two townships of the town, Wrexham Abbot and Wrexham Regis,[3] as well as part of Esclusham Below, and forming the borough of Wrexham, with a borough council (a corporation) and mayor under the terms of the Municipal Corporations Act 1835.[5][6][7] During incorporation the town was also given a coat of arms.[8]
Between 1894 and 1974, as part of Denbighshire; the remaining civil parishes surrounding but excluding the town were part of the Wrexham Rural District, civil parishes in the Maelor region were part of the Overton Rural District, renamed Maelor Rural District in 1953. Whereas civil parishes in Chirk and the Ceiriog Valley were from 1894 part of either the Chirk Rural District or Llansillin Rural District, until they were merged into the Ceiriog Rural District in 1935, and abolished in 1974 to become part of Clwyd's Glyndŵr district.[9]
The Local Government Act 1958 formed the Local Government Commission for Wales tasked to review the potential reform of local government in Wales. In their 1963 report, the commission rejected proposals for the establishment of Wrexham as a county borough.[10]
Status within Clwyd, then as County Borough
The borough of Wrexham, Wrexham Rural District (except Llangollen Rural and Llantysilio), Marford and Hoseley (from Hawarden Rural District, Flintshire) and the neighbouring Flintshire exclave of the Maelor Rural District, were abolished in 1974, all being absorbed into the Wrexham Maelor district of the then administrative county of Clwyd.[9][11] Chirk and the Ceiriog Valley were part of the Glyndŵr district.
Clwyd itself was abolished in 1996 as an administrative county, becoming a preserved county for ceremonial lieutenancy purposes.[12]
Wrexham was established as a county borough (a principal area; same powers as counties in Wales) in 1996, containing all of the former Clwyd district of Wrexham Maelor, and the communities of Chirk, Glyntraian, Llansantffraid Glyn Ceiriog and Ceiriog Ucha from the Glyndŵr district.[8][12]
Following formation in 1996, there were discussions over the boundary between the newly created principal areas of Denbighshire and Wrexham County Borough, in particular over the lower Dee Valley and Llangollen area. Llangollen, Llangollen Rural and Llantysillio were all considered to potentially all or partly become part of Wrexham County Borough. Referendums were held in the communities, with the community of Llangollen Rural, originally in Denbighshire in 1996, transferred to Wrexham County Borough in 1997 through the enacting of "The Denbighshire and Wrexham (Areas) Order 1996" on 1 April 1997.[13][14][15]
Referendums by Llangollen Town Council were held in 1993 and 2000, with the latter resulting in a narrow majority of nineteen votes for staying in Denbighshire, and the Welsh Assembly accepting the result by confirming the boundaries in 2002.[16]
On 1 September 2022, the county borough was awarded city status on behalf of Wrexham's application.[1]
Geography
Wrexham County Borough is a landlocked principal area in Wales. It is a "border county" in the Welsh Marches border region. It is bordered by the English counties of Cheshire to the east and Shropshire to the south and south-east, and the Welsh counties of Flintshire to the north, Denbighshire to the west, and Powys to the south-west.
Parts of the Berwyn range and Maesyrchen Mountains, some part of the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty since 2011, border the county borough to its west.[17] To the east across the River Dee, the county borough meets the Cheshire Plain.[18]
The county borough's boundaries can be characterised by two protrusions from the largely contiguous borders surrounding the city of Wrexham, sometimes defined as Maelor Gymraeg (meaning "Welsh Maelor"). To the south-east of the city, across the River Dee, the English Maelor (Welsh: Maelor Saesneg; a former part of Historic Flintshire) extends to almost meet the English town of Whitchurch, Shropshire and Fenn's Moss.[19] To the south-west, a large salient of the county borough to the west of Chirk, along the River Ceiriog and the surrounding Ceiriog Valley meets the Berwyn range and the Powys border. The highest point in the county borough is Craig Berwyn, rising 790 metres on the Wrexham-Powys border in the Berwyn range.[citation needed]
There are two upland areas in the county borough, both located on its western edge. The Berwyn mountains, and the Ruabon and Esclusham Mountains. The Berwyns and Ruabon Mountain are designated SSSIs and SACs.[20]
The county borough is within the preserved county of Clwyd, and between 1974 and 1996 as part of the then administrative county of Clwyd, the present-day county borough was divided into the districts of Wrexham Maelor and Glyndŵr. Before Clwyd's establishment in 1974, the modern-day county borough was part of the historic counties of Denbighshire (spanning most of the modern-day county borough; including Wrexham), and Flintshire (the English Maelor exclave).[citation needed]
Offa's and Wat's Dyke, and their respective pathways (Offa's Dyke Path,[21] and Wat's Dyke Way)[22] pass through the county borough. Other pathways include the Dee Way Walk,[23] and Maelor Way.[24] The Fenn's, Whixall and Bettisfield Mosses National Nature Reserve is located in the south-east of the county borough along the Wrexham-Shropshire border.[25]
The county borough is largely urban and industrial surrounding Wrexham, but largely rural for the rest of the county borough, with areas of farmland and rural estates. Woodlands cover 9.4% of the county borough, lower than the national average of 14%.[26]
The main settlement of the county borough is the city of Wrexham with 44,785 inhabitants in 2021.[27] Its neighbouring villages include Gwersyllt, Rhostyllen, Brymbo, Bradley and New Broughton. These, along with Wrexham, formed Wales' fourth largest urban area with 65,692 inhabitants in 2011.[28] The sole other town in the county borough is Chirk. The main villages of the county borough are Rhosllanerchrugog, Ruabon, Cefn Mawr, Coedpoeth, Gresford, Llay, Holt, Llansantffraid Glyn Ceiriog, Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog, Bangor-on-Dee and Marchwiel.
Rhosllanerchrugog's built-up area extends to Ruabon, Cefn Mawr and Acrefair, with a total population of 25,362 in 2011.[29]
There are 69 sq mi (180 km2) of principal rivers in the county borough, including the River Dee, Ceiriog, Alyn and Clywedog, as well as important streams.[20]
The River Dee is the main river in the county borough, flowing from Denbighshire in the west into the county borough passing Froncysyllte, under Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, and passing Chirk, until it flows north-east towards England, cutting off the county borough's south-east salient of Maelor Saesneg (meaning "English Maelor") and later forming part of the border between Wales and England. River Alyn, a tributary of the Dee, flows in the north of the county borough.[citation needed]
There are various small lakes in the county borough. While there are 3000 ponds, mainly concentrated in Hanmer, Maelor and Overton.[20]
There is a veteran tree, said to be over 1,000 years old, near Chirk, known as the Oak at the Gate of the Dead.[30] There are also some caves under Esclusham Mountain to the west of the county borough, with caves such as: Ogof Dydd Byraf and Ogof Llyn Parc.
Country parks
There are eleven urban and country parks in the county borough operated by Wrexham council. These include all the country parks, three urban parks in Wrexham and Ponciau, as well as the Nant Mill Visitor Centre and Brynkinalt Park.[31] The seven country parks[32] in the county borough are:[33] Alyn Waters,[34] Bonc-yr-Hafod,[35] Erddig Park,[36] Minera Leadmines,[37] Moss Valley,[38] Stryt Las Park, and Tŷ Mawr.[26][39][40]
There are two country house estates with significant areas of parkland and woodland, those being at Brynkinalt (near Chirk; with the Brynkinalt Park; also known as Chirk Green being council-operated),[41] and at Erddig (National Trust-operated; south of Wrexham).[42][43] Iscoyd Park in Maelor Saesneg also boasts some parkland.
Nant Mill hosts a Visitor Centre on the Clywedog Trail and is surrounded by woodland,[44] whereas Stryt Las Park between Rhos and Johnstown hosts grassland, woodland and ponds.[45] Both are operated by the council.
Wrexham city has two main city parks, Bellevue Park,[46][47] and Acton Park,[48][47] there is also a city centre green in-front of the council's Guildhall. Rhosllanerchrugog and Ponciau have Ponciau Banks Park as their urban park.[49][31]
87% of the population in the county borough is within two miles of the main parks in the county borough.[26][31] The remaining areas are already largely rural, in particular the Ceiriog valley and English Maelor.[31]
Clywedog Trail spans for 5.5 miles (8.9 km) along the River Clywedog, from the Minera Lead Mines to King's Mills.[50] Offa's Dyke Path passes through the county borough.[51]
Bonc-yr-Hafod and Stryt Las are both part of the Stryt Las a'r Hafod Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).[31][52][53]
Politics and local government
The principal area (styled as a "county borough") is governed by Wrexham County Borough Council, a Welsh local authority principal council. Most offices of the council are situated within Wrexham city centre, around Llwyn Isaf and Chester Street. The headquarters of the council's Chief Executive is at the Guildhall (Welsh: Neuadd y Dref; lit. 'Town hall') in Wrexham.[47][54] From May 2022, there are forty-nine electoral wards for the council, with seven having two councillors.
The most recent Wrexham County Borough election on 5 May 2022,[55] resulted in independent politicians maintaining their position as the largest group with 23 members but falling short of a majority, leaving the council in no overall control.[56] Since 2017,[57] the principal council has been operated by a coalition of local independents, the "Wrexham Independents" group and the Conservatives.[58] Following the 2022 election, on 11 May 2022, local independents and the separately organised "Wrexham Independents" merged into a 21-member[iii] "Independent Group", and formed a coalition with the Conservatives again for another five-year term.[59] The next election for the council is due for 6 May 2027,[60] as part of the next Welsh local elections.
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The county borough was formed on 1 April 1996 following the enactment of the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, containing the district of Wrexham Maelor and some communities of Glyndŵr, namely Chirk, Glyntraian, Llansantffraid Glyn Ceiriog, and Ceiriog Ucha, and later Llangollen Rural in 1997.[12] Borough status was inherited from the town of Wrexham, which was granted to the then town in September 1857.[8]
The area includes a portion of the eastern half of the historic county of Denbighshire and two exclaves of historic Flintshire: English Maelor and the parish of Marford and Hoseley.
The county borough is in the East Wales ITL 2 (formerly NUTS 2) and "Flintshire and Wrexham" ITL 3 (formerly NUTS 3) statistical regions by the UK's Office for National Statistics (and until 2020 Eurostat).[61] It is regarded to be in the North East Wales and North Wales non-administrative regions[62][63] (and the associated regional bodies, such as North Wales Economic Ambition Board,[64] North Wales Police,[65] North Wales Fire and Rescue Service,[66] Tourism Partnership North Wales, and Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board).[67]
In general elections, the county borough spans two constituencies, currently (as of April 2022[update]) the same for both UK Parliamentary elections, and devolved Welsh Parliamentary (Senedd) elections; the constituencies of Clwyd South and Wrexham.[68] From the next United Kingdom general election, where Wales' constituencies are reduced from 40 to 32 following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies; under September 2021 draft proposals by the Boundary Commission for Wales; the county borough would be served by an expanded "Wrexham" constituency, the north-western parts to be within an expanded Alyn and Deeside (currently wholly in Flintshire), and the Wrexham sections of the Clwyd South constituency transferred to a new "Montgomeryshire and Glyndŵr" constituency shared with parts of Powys.[69]
Polling done by UnHerd, showed that of those polled 54% of the county borough supported the continued reign of the British Monarch, compared to 23% and 21% opposed, and 23% and 25% do not know, in the Wrexham and Clwyd South constituencies respectively.[70]
In the 2016 National Survey for Wales, only 45.9% of the population agreed or strongly agreed that Wrexham County Borough Council provides quality services, below the Welsh average of 59.3%.[26]
Local recent political history
On 23 June 2016 in the 2016 EU referendum, the county borough voted 59% in favour of Leave.[71]
In the 2019 United Kingdom general election, Conservative candidates won the constituencies of Wrexham and Clwyd South for the first time in their existence.[71][72][73] The constituencies were generally considered to be Labour heartlands part of its "red wall",[74] and were won by Labour in the June 2017 election, as well as previous elections.[75][76][77] In the 2021 Senedd election, Welsh Labour incumbents for the Senedd constituencies of Wrexham and Clwyd South covering the county borough were re-elected.[71][78][79]
In 2021, the council submitted bids for UK City of Culture 2025 on behalf of the county borough although later lost to Bradford, and a separate bid, submitted in December 2021, to award the then town of Wrexham the status of a city for the civic honours awarded for the 2022 Platinum Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, which it later won.[80] It was the only city bid from Wales, and Wrexham has applied for city status three other times, in 2000, 2002 and 2012, with the 2012 bid lost to St Asaph, Denbighshire.[81] City status was awarded to the "County Borough of Wrexham" on behalf of Wrexham on 1 September 2022.[82] In November 2021, a local consulation survey conducted by Wrexham council, reported that 61% of respondents stated that Wrexham does not "deserve" to be a city.[83]
In February 2024, a report from Audit Wales, stated that the council's planning members had a poor relationship with professional officers over planning decisions and the council frequently undermine officers, looking for alternative opinions instead.[84] Audit Wales also criticised the council's failure to adopt its local development plan.[85] In March 2024, The Municipal Journal, stated that an investigation had begun into an allegation of malfeasance in office by Wrexham councillors, with both North Wales Police and the Welsh Government participating in the case.[86]
Westminster members
| Constituency | Member of UK Parliament | Political party | First elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clwyd South | Simon Baynes | Conservative | 2019 | |
| Wrexham | Sarah Atherton | 2019 | ||
Senedd members
| Electoral district | Member of the Senedd | Political party | First elected | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constituencies | Clwyd South | Ken Skates | Labour | 2011 | |
| Wrexham | Lesley Griffiths | 2007 | |||
| Senedd | North Wales
Regional members of the Senedd |
Carolyn Thomas | 2021 | ||
| Llyr Huws Gruffydd | Plaid Cymru | 2011 | |||
| Mark Isherwood | Conservative | 2003 | |||
| Sam Rowlands | 2021 | ||||
Communities
Electoral wards
Economy and industry
The economy of the county borough has changed over the past few decades, from a largely coal-mining focused heavy industrial area, into a high-tech manufacturing, technological and service industry hub.[87]
The main industry is manufacturing with around 20% (18.3% in 2011 census) of employment in the county borough being in the manufacturing sector.[88] The other largest sectors from the 2011 census include: 15.2% in the Wholesale and retail sector (including vehicle repair), 14.6% health sector, 8.9% education, 6.9% construction, 6.0% government and military, 4.9% accommodation and food service, 4.4% administration and support services, 4.3% transport, 3.9% professional, scientific and technical, 2.8% finance and industry, 1.8% IT and 8% other.[89] When classed together the public sector counts for more than a third of jobs in the county borough.[88] 75% of the total land in the county borough is managed by farmers.[26]
Brewing
History
In the 19th century, a brewing industry developed in Wrexham town, alongside the then town's existing leather and coal industry.[90][91] The town became a brewing centre due to the town's good underground water supplies near but not of the River Gwenfro.[92][93] The sands and gravels in the surrounding river plain filters groundwater which builds up on the impervious rocks beneath.[93] Wrexham also sits above a faultline, dividing the area into a mineral-rich hard water east suitable for brewing beer, and a soft water west for lager.[93] Many breweries were also set up in the medieval times in the township of Wrexham Abbot which would have had lower taxes than Wrexham Regis, the areas controlled by the Crown.[93] By the 1860s, there were 19 breweries in the town.[92] Many brewers became leading politicians in the town, with two brewers, Thomas Rowland and Peter Walker disagreeing who should be mayor of Wrexham.[92]
Wrexham Lager has been brewed in Wrexham since 1882.[92][94] The brewery produced the first German-brewed lager in the United Kingdom, and was located in Wrexham for the brewing quality of its underground spring water.[95] The lager was reputedly served on board the Titanic, other White Star Line ships and by soldiers during the Siege of Khartoum.[96][97][98] It is also claimed to be the first lager to been exported to countries such as India, South Africa, Australia and various countries in the Americas.[99] The brand started to decline during the World Wars, following changing consumer tastes, rationalisation, and the internationalisation of the industry.[99][100] The brewery was bought by Ind Coope & Allsopp, eventually merged into Allied Breweries and later Carlsberg-Tetley.[99] The original brewery located on top of the Gwenfro was closed by Carlsberg in 2000, with all UK-wide production by Carlsberg of the brand ceasing in 2002. The modern brewery, constructed in the late-20th century, was demolished between 2002 and 2003,[100] and was replaced with Wrexham Central Retail Park. The original brewhouse building on Central Road within the now retail park remains as a Grade II listed building.
Another known brewery formerly operating in Wrexham was Soames's Brewery, and what later became Border Breweries. The brewery can be traced back to a minor brewing business operating out of the Nag's Head Public House on Tuttle Street.[101] It was not until 1874 following an acquisition, that "Wrexham Brewery" started to become a major producer. In his 1892 tour, Alfred Barnard described Soames's to have the best beer in Wrexham.[92][102] The Border Breweries company was formed from the merger of Soames Wrexham Brewery, Island Green Brewery and Dorsett Owen in 1931.[102][101] It was purchased by Marston's Brewery in 1984 and closed by Marston's six months later despite stating otherwise.[92][101] Other former breweries include Albion, Cambrian, Eagle, Island Green, and Willow.
Present day
In 2011, the Wrexham Lager brand was revived, launched in the Buck House Hotel in Bangor-on-Dee,[103] it later moved to a newly built high-tech microbrewery on St. George's Crescent to the east of Wrexham city centre from the original brewery.[99]
In recent years, the lager has experienced success, with the lager in 2022 announced it will be sold in Aldi stores across Wales and England.[104]
As of April 2022[update], the other microbreweries currently set up in the county borough include: Big Hand Microbrewery (Wrexham Ind. Est.),[105] Magic Dragon Brewery (Plassey),[106] McGivern Ales (Ruabon),[107] and Sandstone Brewery.[108][109]
Red brick
Ruabon to the west of the county borough has a deep history in brick and tile-making. This is owed to its vast amounts of high quality Etruria Marl clay. In the 19th century this clay was the centrepiece for Ruabon's tile and terracotta production on a vast scale, leading the village to be nicknamed "Terracottapolis".[110][111][112] Its former manufacturing speciality the "Ruabon Red Brick" were used in various buildings of the Victorian era, such as the Pierhead Building in Cardiff, Victoria Building of Liverpool University and in the restoration of the Taj Mahal.[96][110] Hafod Brickworks were established near Hafod Colliery in 1878, and a "Red Works" in 1893.[110][113] The bricks contributed to the term "redbrick" in the term "Red brick university". Brick production largely ceased in the 1970s, with production mainly focused on quarry tiles.[110]
Former mining
In 1854, there were 26 coal mines operating in the western uplands of Wrexham.[114] The main mines were located at Ruabon, Rhos, Acrefair, Brymbo and Broughton (particularly around the Moss Valley). Mining operations were later concentrated, with larger colleries such as Westminster, Hafod (now Bonc-yr-Hafod park), Bersham, Wynnstay, Wrexham and Acton, Llay Hall and Gatewen commencing operations.[114] By the 20th century, two deep coal pits were dug, one at Gresford opening in 1911,[8] and another at Llay Main.[114] In 1934, a colliery disaster in Gresford killed 261 miners, with 3 rescuers also killed in the rescue operations. In the late 20th century, the traditional industries of Wrexham, in particular coal-mining, went into decline. Llay Main closed in 1966, Hafod closed in 1968, Gresford Colliery closed in 1973, and Bersham Colliery closed in 1986.[8][114]
Industrial estate
There are 25 different industrial and business parks in the county borough,[26] with Wrexham Industrial Estate being the largest, located 2.5 miles east from Wrexham and on the site of a former World War II munitions factory.[47][115][116][117]
Wrexham Industrial Estate is the largest industrial area in Wales, among the top ten in the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe.[88][115][116][118] There are around 360 businesses in the estate, providing 10,000 jobs.[26] The main industries operating in the industrial estate include: banking and finance, automotive, engineering, pharmaceutical, aerospace, and food and beverage.[26] The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine was manufactured at the Wockhardt UK facility in the industrial estate.[119]
HM Prison Berwyn, a Category C adult-male prison is located in the industrial estate, and opened in 2017.[120] It is the largest prison in the United Kingdom.[121] In Chirk, there is a Kronospan wood product production factory[122] and a Mondelez International (for Cadbury) factory.[123] Whereas at Llay, there is Magellan Aerospace[124] and a regional divisional HQ for North Wales Police.[125]
Retail
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Wrexham serves as the main retail centre for the county borough. Its city centre, hosts Eagles Meadow shopping centre,[126][127] two markets (General and Butcher's),[128] Tŷ Pawb (former People's Market),[129] Island Green retail park, and a High Street.[96] A Monday market is held in the city on Queen's Square.[128]
Notable retail areas outside the city centre are: Plas Coch retail park and Gwersyllt retail park. The county borough is also connected to shopping destinations in Chester, Broughton and Liverpool.
Sport
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Wrexham is regarded as the "spiritual home of Welsh football",[130][131] with a Football Museum for Wales proposed to be set up in the city.[131][132][133][134] The county borough is home to the oldest club in Wales and third oldest association football club in the World, Wrexham A.F.C., which plays in the oldest stadium in Wales. The Football Association of Wales was founded on 2 February 1876 at the Wynnstay Arms Hotel in Wrexham.[135] The first association football match in Wales is said to have been in or near Wrexham.[136][137]
Notable stadia in the county borough include the Racecourse Ground, the oldest in Wales; The Rock; and an athletics stadium at Queensway.
Football
The county borough is home to Wrexham A.F.C., formed in 1864; they are the oldest club in Wales and the third[138] oldest professional association football team in the world. The team competes in the EFL League Two, the fourth tier of the English football league system.[96][139] Wrexham A.F.C's home stadium, the Racecourse Ground, is the world's oldest international stadium that still continues to host international games, and its neighbouring Turf Hotel pub is the oldest pub to any sporting stadium in the world.[138] The team train at Colliers Park, Gresford,[140] and have an equivalent Women's team. The team's rivalry with Chester City F.C. (now Chester F.C.) is described as the "Cross-border derby". In 1869, another football team composed of footballers from Ruabon, was formed in Plas Madoc, later becoming the Cefn Druids following a merger.[136][137][141]
As of March 2022[update], aside from Wrexham A.F.C., all other teams in the county borough play in the Welsh football league system:
- In the Cymru Premier, the highest tier (Tier 1), only Cefn Druids A.F.C. play, based at The Rock, Rhosymedre.[142][143]
- In the tier 2 Cymru North league, Gresford Athletic F.C. play.[144]
- In the tier 3 Ardal Leagues: Brickfield Rangers F.C., Brymbo F.C., Cefn Albion F.C., Chirk AAA F.C., Llay Welfare F.C., Penycae F.C., Rhos Aelwyd F.C. and Rhostyllen F.C.[145]
- In the tier 4 North East Wales Football League: Cefn Mawr Rangers F.C., Chirk Town F.C., Coedpoeth United F.C., FC Queens Park, Lex Glyndwr XI F.C. and Overton Recreation F.C. play[146] This tier 4 league also have a tier 5 championship, containing the Wrexham County Borough teams of Bellevue, Borras Park Albion, Brymbo Lodge, FC United of Wrexham, Johnstown Youth, and Ruabon Rovers. A Wrexham Town Police Station F.C. was also set up in 2022.[147]
Rugby
Wrexham RFC is a Welsh rugby union team based in Wrexham; it is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and was a founding club of the North Wales Rugby Union, itself founded in Wrexham in 1931.[148] The club is located to the east of Rhosnesni, Wrexham.
Between 2010 and 2021, the North Wales Crusaders were based in Wrexham; firstly at the Racecourse Ground, then at the Queensway Stadium in Caia Park, Wrexham.[149]
Horse racing
Bangor-on-Dee racecourse is located in Bangor-on-Dee, and has held horse racing events since February 1859. It is the only racecourse in North and Mid Wales.[150][151] Prior to being a football stadium and home to Wrexham A.F.C., the Racecourse Ground once held horse racing events as part of the Wrexham Gold Cup and the Silver Cavalry Cup, with the first held on 29 September 1807.[152] Horse racing ended at the Racecourse Ground in 1857.[47][152]
Transport
Wrexham County Borough's transport system is part of Transport for Wales' North Wales Metro bus and rail improvement programme.[153]
Airedit
There are no airports in the county borough; the nearest are at: Birmingham, Liverpool John Lennon and Manchester. Railway connections are available to Birmingham International, Manchester Airport and Liverpool South Parkway stations.
In 1950, Wrexham (specifically Plas Coch) was a stop in the world's first scheduled helicopter passenger service between Liverpool and Cardiff by British European Airways.[154][155] The service ceased in March 1951 due to low demand.[154][155]
Railwaysedit
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