This timeline of artificial satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites from each country are included. Not included are most Earth science satellites, commercial satellites or crewed missions.

Timeline

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2015)

1950s

Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1950s

Year	Date	Origin	Name	Launch vehicle	Status	Description	Mass
1957	October 4	Soviet Union	Sputnik 1	Sputnik-PS	Success	The first human-made object to orbit Earth.	83.6 kg (183.9 lb)
	November 3	Soviet Union	Sputnik 2	Sputnik-PS	Success	The first satellite to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika.	508 kg (1,118 lb)
	December 6	US	Vanguard 1A	Vanguard TV-3	Failure	The first stage engine was improperly started, causing the vehicle to fall back to the launch pad immediately after launch and explode.[1]	1.36 kg (2.99 lb)
1958	February 1	US	Explorer 1	Juno I	Success	The first American satellite in space.[1]	13.91 kg (30.66 lb)
	February 5	US	Vanguard 1B	Vanguard TV-3BU	Failure	Control failure caused vehicle breakup at T+57 seconds as vehicle exceeded an angle of attack of 45° due to a control system malfunction.[1]	1.36 kg (2.99 lb)
	March 5	US	Explorer 2	Juno I	Failure	Failed to orbit. Fourth stage did not ignite.[1]	14.52 kg (31.94 lb)
	March 17	US	Vanguard 1C	Vanguard TV-4	Success	Vanguard 1. Expected to de-orbit in ~2240AD, this and its upper launch stage are the oldest human-made objects in space. Also the first use of solar cells to power a satellite.[1]	1.47 kg (3.25 lb)
	March 26	US	Explorer 3	Juno I	Success	Added to data received by Explorer 1.[1]	14.1 kg (31.0 lb)
	April 29	US	Vanguard 2A	Vanguard TV-5	Failure	Second stage shutdown sequence not completed, preventing proper 3rd stage separation and firing. Did not reach orbit.[1]	9.98 kg (21.96 lb)
	May 15	Soviet Union	Sputnik 3	Sputnik	Success	Contained 12 instruments for a wide range of upper atmosphere tests.	1,327 kg (2,926 lb)
	May 28	US	Vanguard 2B	Vanguard SLV-1	Failure	The first production model of the series. Nominal flight until a guidance error was encountered on second stage burnout. Did not reach orbit.[1]	9.98 kg (21.96 lb)
	June 26	US	Vanguard 2C	Vanguard SLV-2	Failure	Premature second stage cutoff prevented third stage operation. Did not reach orbit.[1]	9.98 kg (21.96 lb)
	July 26	US	Explorer 4	Juno I	Success	Expanded data set of previous Explorer missions and collected data from Argus high-altitude nuclear explosions.[1]	11.7 kg (25.8 lb)
	August 17	US	Pioneer 0	Thor-Able 1	Failure	Failed to orbit. First stage engine failure caused explosion at T+77 seconds.	38 kg (84 lb)
	August 24	US	Explorer 5	Juno I	Failure	On-board instruments damaged on first stage separation. Failed to orbit.[1]	11.7 kg (25.8 lb)
	September 26	US	Vanguard 2D	Vanguard SLV-3	Failure	Second stage under-performed, lacking only ~76 m/s (~250 fps) required to achieve orbit.[1]	10.6 kg (23.3 lb)
	October 11	US	Pioneer 1	Thor-Able 1	Partial success	First spacecraft launched by NASA. Studied Earth's magnetic fields. Third stage provided insufficient thrust to reach the Moon, leaving it sub-orbital.[2]	38 kg (84 lb)
	October 22	US	Beacon 1	Jupiter-C	Failure	A thin plastic sphere (12-feet in diameter) intended to study atmosphere density.[2] Payload dropped due to rotational vibrations.[1]	4.2 kg (9.2 lb)
	November 8	US	Pioneer 2	Thor-Able 1	Failure	Briefly provided further data on Earth's magnetic field. Third stage provided insufficient thrust to reach the vicinity of the Moon.[2]	38 kg (83 lb)
	December 6	US	Pioneer 3	Juno II	Partial success	Did not reach the Moon as intended, but discovered a second radiation belt around Earth.[2]	5.9 kg (13.0 lb)
1959	January 2	Soviet Union	Luna 1	Luna	Partial success	The first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon, and the first spacecraft to be placed in heliocentric orbit.	361 kg (794.2 lb)
	February 17	US	Vanguard 2E	Vanguard SLV-4	Success	Vanguard 2. Measured cloud cover. First attempted photo of Earth from a satellite; precession motion resulted in difficulty interpreting data (see first images of Earth from space).[2]	10.8 kg (23.7 lb)
	March 3	US	Pioneer 4	Juno II	Success	Passed within 60,030 km (37,300 mi) of the Moon into a heliocentric orbit, returning excellent radiation data.[2]	6.1 kg (13.4 lb)
	April 13	US	Vanguard 3A	Vanguard SLV-5	Failure	Failed to orbit. Second stage hydraulics failure led to loss of control, damaged at launch. Two spheres included as payload.[2]	10.3 kg (22.7 lb)
	June 22	US	Vanguard 3B	Vanguard SLV-6	Failure	Failed to orbit. Second stage exploded due to stuck helium vent valve. Intended to measure weather effects related to solar-Earth heating processes.[2]	10.3 kg (22.7 lb)
	July 16	US	Explorer S-1	Juno II	Failure	Did not achieve orbit. Guidance system power malfunction. Destroyed by range safety officer at T+5.5s.[2]	41.5 kg (91.3 lb)
	August 7	US	Explorer 6	Thor-Able 3	Success	Included instruments to study particles and meteorology.[2]	64.4 kg (141.7 lb)
	August 14	US	Beacon 2	Juno II	Failure	Premature cutoff of first stage caused upper stage malfunction.[2]	4.5 kg (9.9 lb)
	September 12	Soviet Union	Luna 2	Luna	Success	The first spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon, and the first human-made object to land on another celestial body.	390.2 kg (858.4 lb)
	September 18	US	Vanguard 3	Vanguard TV-4BU	Success	Incorporated Allegany Ballistics Laboratory X248 A2 as third stage.[1] Solar-powered sphere measured radiation belts and micrometeorite impacts.[2]	22.7 kg (50.0 lb)
	October 4	Soviet Union	Luna 3	Luna	Success	The first mission to photograph the far side of the Moon.	278.5 kg (614 lb)
	October 13	US	Explorer 7	Juno II	Success	Provided data on energetic particles, radiation, and magnetic storms. Also recorded the first micrometeorite penetration of a sensor.[2]	41.5 kg (69.4 lb)
	November 26	US	Pioneer P-3	Atlas-Able 20	Failure	Lunar orbiter probe; payload shroud failed at T+45 seconds, resulting in disintegration of upper stages and payload.[2]	168.7 kg (371.1 lb)

1960s

Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1960s

Year	Launch date	Origin	Name	Launch vehicle	Target	Status	Description
1960	March 11	US	Pioneer 5	Thor-Able	Sun	Success	Solar monitor. Measured magnetic field phenomena, solar flare particles, and ionization in the interplanetary region[3]
	May 15	Soviet Union	Korabl-Sputnik 1	Vostok-L	Earth	Success	First test flight of the Soviet Vostok programme, and the first Vostok spacecraft
	April 1	US	TIROS-1	Thor-Able	Earth	Success	TIROS-1 (or TIROS-A) was the first successful low-Earth orbital weather satellite, and the first of a series of Television Infrared Observation Satellites.
	August 19	Soviet Union	Korabl-Sputnik 2	Vostok-L	Earth	Success	First spaceflight to send animals into orbit and return them safely back to Earth
	November 3	US	Explorer 8	Juno II	Earth	Partial success	Battery power failed early, And data had to be processed by hand. In spite of this, new information about the ionosphere has been discovered
1961	February 12	Soviet Union	Venera 1	Molniya 8K78	Venus	Partial success	First interplanetary flight, contact lost en-route, before it performed the first flyby at another planet.
	April 27	US	Explorer 11	Juno II	Earth	Partial success	Was the first space-borne gamma-ray telescope. Limited Battery Power caused the data collection to only be in the ascension stage.
	August 23	US	Ranger 1	Atlas-Agena	Moon	Failure	Rocket malfunction caused the spacecraft to get stranded in low Earth orbit.[4]
	November 18	US	Ranger 2	Atlas-Agena	Moon	Failure	Booster rocket malfunction caused spacecraft to be trapped in low Earth orbit.[5]
1962	January 26	US	Ranger 3	Atlas-Agena	Moon	Failure	NASA's first attempt to land a spacecraft on the Moon. A series of malfunctions caused spacecraft to hurtle past the Moon.[6]
	April 23	US	Ranger 4	Atlas-Agena	Moon	Partial failure	Was the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon.[7][8]
	April 26	UK	Ariel 1	Thor-Delta	Earth	Success	First British satellite in space (on American rocket)
	July 10	US	Telstar 1	Thor-Delta	Earth	Success	Communication satellite
	July 22	US	Mariner 1	Atlas-Agena	Venus	Failure	Software related guidance system failure, range safety officer ordered destroyed after 294.5 seconds after launch.
	August 27	US	Mariner 2	Atlas-Agena	Venus	Success	First spacecraft to visit another planet
	September 29	Canada	Alouette 1	Thor-Agena	Earth	Success	First Canadian satellite (on American rocket), first satellite not constructed by the US or USSR
	October 18	US	Ranger 5	Atlas-Agena	Moon	Failure	Malfunction in the spacecraft's batteries caused them to drain after 8 hours, leaving it inoperable.[9]
1963	First pair - October 17	US	Vela 1A and Vela 1B	Atlas-Agena	Earth	Success	Series of satellites to monitor compliance to the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty
1964	February 2	US	Ranger 6	Atlas-Agena	Moon	Success	Lunar impactor. Successful impact but power failure resulted in no pictures.
	March 27	UK	Ariel 2	Scout X-3	Earth	Success	First Radio Astronomy Satellite (on American rocket)
	July 31	US	Ranger 7	Atlas-Agena	Moon	Success	Lunar impactor. Returned pictures until impact.
	November 28	US	Mariner 4	Atlas-Agena	Mars	Success	First deep space photographs of another planet and first flyby of Mars
	December 15	Italy	San Marco 1	Scout X-4	Earth	Success	First Italian satellite (on American rocket)
1965	February 2	US	Ranger 8	Atlas-Agena	Moon	Success	Lunar impactor. Returned pictures until impact.
	February 20	US	Ranger 9	Atlas-Agena	Moon	Success	Lunar impactor. Live TV broadcast until impact.
	April 6	US	Intelsat I	Delta D	Earth	Success	First commercial communications satellite in orbit. Was operated off and on until 1990.
	November 26	France	Asterix	Diamant A	Earth	Success	First French satellite. First orbital launch outside U.S and Soviet Union.
	November 29	Canada	Alouette 2	Thor-Agena	Earth	Success	Research satellite designed to explore Earth's ionosphere
	December 16	US	Pioneer 6	Delta E	Sun	Success	A series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space.[10]
1966	January 31	Soviet Union	Luna 9	Molniya M	Moon	Success	First spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, or any planetary body other than Earth, and to transmit photographic data to Earth from the surface of another planetary body.
	February 17	France	Diapason	Diamant A	Earth	Success	Earth measurement by doppler radio measure
	June 2	US	Surveyor 1	Atlas-Centaur	Moon	Success	First US soft landing; Surveyor program performed various tests in support of forthcoming crewed landings.[11]
	July 1	US	Explorer 33	Delta E1	Earth	Partial success	Was intended to orbit the Moon but instead orbited the Earth. Explored solar winds, interplanetary plasma, and solar X-rays. Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.  Navigácia: Veda > Analytika Antropológia Aplikované vedy Bibliometria Dejiny vedy Encyklopédie Filozofia vedy Forenzné vedy Humanitné vedy Knižničná veda Kryogenika Kryptológia Kulturológia Literárna veda Medzidisciplinárne oblasti Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy Metavedy Metodika Metodológia vedy Náboženstvo a veda Náučná literatúra Podvody vo vede Popularizácia vedy Potravinárstvo Prírodné vedy Pseudoveda Scientometria Spoločenské vedy Teórie Teatrológia Technické vedy Technika Terminológia Umenie Výskum Veda Veda a technika podľa štátu Veda a technika podľa kontinentu Veda a technika podľa roka Veda v kozme Vedci Vedecká literatúra Vedecké databázy Vedecké experimenty Vedecké konferencie Vedecké metódy Vedecké ocenenia Vedecké organizácie Vedecké parky Vedeckí spisovatelia Vzdelávanie Záhady Príbuzné výrazy: Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk