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Tenjiku shogi (天竺将棋 tenjiku shōgi, "Indian chess" or 天竺大将棋 tenjiku dai shōgi "great Indian chess") is a large-board variant of shogi (Japanese chess). The game dates back to the 15th or 16th century and was based on the earlier chu shogi, which itself was based on dai shogi.
Because of the terse and often incomplete wording of the historical sources for the large shogi variants, except for chu shogi and to a lesser extent dai shogi (which were at some points of time the most prestigious forms of shogi being played), the historical rules of tenjiku shogi are not clear. Different sources often differ significantly in the moves attributed to the pieces. The descriptions listed here are a likely reconstruction based on chu shogi, the primary basis of tenjiku shogi, but not all contemporary players follow these historically-based rules. It is not clear if the game was ever played much historically, as there is no record of sets ever having been made.
Rules of the game
Objective
The objective of the game is to capture the opponent's king and, if present, the prince, which counts as a second king. Unlike standard shogi, captured pieces may not be dropped back into play by the capturing player.
Game equipment
Two players, Black and White (or 先手 sente and 後手 gote), play on a board composed of squares in a grid of 16 ranks (rows) by 16 files (columns) with a total of 256 squares. The squares are undifferentiated by marking or color. A pair of dots may be placed just beyond the fifth rank on each side to mark the promotion zones and aid in the initial setup of the two camps.
Each player has a set of 78 wedge-shaped pieces of 36 types. In all, the players must remember 43 moves for these pieces. The pieces are of slightly different sizes. From largest to smallest (roughly most to least powerful) they are:
- 1 King
- 1 Great general
- 1 Vice general
- 2 Rook generals
- 2 Bishop generals
- 1 Free eagle
- 1 Queen
- 2 Soaring eagles
- 2 Horned falcons
- 2 Water buffalos
- 4 Chariot soldiers
- 2 Fire demons
- 1 Lion hawk
- 1 Lion
- 2 Dragon kings
- 2 Dragon horses
- 2 Rooks
- 2 Bishops
- 1 Kirin
- 1 Phoenix
- 1 Drunken elephant
- 2 Blind tigers
- 2 Ferocious leopards
- 2 Gold generals
- 2 Silver generals
- 2 Copper generals
- 2 Vertical movers
- 2 Side movers
- 2 Reverse chariots
- 2 Vertical soldiers
- 2 Side soldiers
- 2 Lances
- 2 Knights
- 2 Iron generals
- 2 Dogs
- 16 Pawns
Several of the English names were chosen to correspond to rough equivalents in Western chess, rather than as translations of the Japanese names. The queen is sometimes referred to as the free king, a direct translation of its Japanese name. The kirin's name is sometimes anglicised as kylin.
Each piece has its name in the form of one or two kanji written on its face. On the reverse side of some pieces are two or three other characters, often in a different color such as red; this reverse side is turned up to indicate that the piece has been promoted during play. The pieces of the two sides do not differ in color, but instead each piece is shaped like a wedge, and faces forward, toward the opposing side. This shows who controls the piece during play.
Table of pieces
Listed below are the pieces of the game and, if they promote, which pieces they promote to. Pieces marked with an *asterisk are only available with promotion.
| Piece | Kanji | Rōmaji | Abbrev. | Promotes to | Betza notation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bishop | 角行 | kakugyō | B | 角 | dragon horse | B |
| Bishop general | 角将 | kakushō | BG | 用 | vice general | BcppB |
| Blind tiger | 盲虎 | mōko | BT | 虎 | flying stag | FrlbW |
| Chariot soldier | 車兵 | shahei | CS | 車 | heavenly tetrarch | BfbRrlR2 |
| Copper general | 銅将 | dōshō | C | 銅 | side mover | fKbW |
| Dog | 犬 | inu | D | 犬 | multi general | fWbF |
| Dragon horse | 龍馬 | ryūme | DH | 馬 | horned falcon | WB |
| Dragon king | 龍王 | ryūō | DK | 龍 | soaring eagle | FR |
| Drunk elephant | 酔象 | suizō | DE | 象 | prince | FfrlW |
| Ferocious leopard | 猛豹 | mōhyō | FL | 豹 | bishop | FfbW |
| Fire demon | 火鬼 | kaki | FD | 火 | — | BrlR + immediate xK |
| *Flying ox | 飛牛 | higyū | FO | 牛 | (promoted vertical mover) | BfbR |
| *Flying stag | 飛鹿 | hiroku | FS | 鹿 | (promoted blind tiger) | fbRK |
| *Free boar | 奔猪 | honcho | FB | 猪 | (promoted side mover) | BrlR |
| Free eagle | 奔鷲 | honjū | FE | 就 | — | QDA |
| Gold general | 金将 | kinshō | G | 金 | rook | WfF |
| Great general | 大将 | taishō | GG | 大 | — | QcppQ |
| *Heavenly tetrarch | 四天王 | shitennō | HT | 天 | (promoted chariot soldier) | B(≥2)fbR(≥2)rlR(2≤n≤3)cxK |
| Horned falcon | 角鷹 | kakuō | HF | 鷹 | bishop general | BrlbRffD |
| Iron general | 鉄将 | tesshō | I | 鉄 | vertical soldier | fK |
| King (challenging) | 玉将 | gyokushō | K | 玉 | — | K |
| King (reigning) | 王将 | ōshō | K | 王 | — | K |
| Kirin | 麒麟 | kirin | Kr | 麒 | lion | FD |
| Knight | 桂馬 | keima | N | 桂 | side soldier | ffN |
| Lance | 香車 | kyōsha | L | 香 | white horse | fR |
| Lion | 獅子 | shishi | Ln | 獅 | lion hawk | NAD |
| Lion hawk | 獅鷹 | shiō | LH | 師 | — | BNAD |
| *Multi general | 雜将 | suishō | MG | 雜 | (promoted dog) | fRbB |
| Pawn | 歩兵 | fuhyō | P | 歩 | gold general | fW |
| Phoenix | 鳳凰 | hōō | Ph | 鳳 | queen | WA |
| *Prince | 太子 | taishi | CP | 子 | (promoted drunk elephant) | K |
| Queen | 奔王 | honnō | Q | 奔 | free eagle | Q |
| Reverse chariot | 反車 | hensha | RC | 反 | whale | fbR |
| Rook | 飛車 | hisha | R | 飛 | dragon king | R |
| Rook general | 飛将 | hishō | RG | 升 | great general | RcppR |
| Side mover | 横行 | ōgyō | SM | 横 | free boar | WrlR |
| Side soldier | 横兵 | ōhei | SS | 黄 | water buffalo | WfR2rlR |
| Silver general | 銀将 | ginshō | S | 銀 | vertical mover | FfW |
| Soaring eagle | 飛鷲 | hijū | SE | 鷲 | rook general | RbBffA |
| Vertical mover | 竪行 | shugyō | VM | 竪 | flying ox | WfbR |
| Vertical soldier | 竪兵 | shuhei | VS | 立 | chariot soldier | WfRrlR2 |
| Vice general | 副将 | fukushō | VG | 副 | — | BcppB |
| Water buffalo | 水牛 | suigyū | WB | 水 | fire demon | BrlRfbR2 |
| *Whale | 鯨鯢 | keigei | W | 鯨 | (promoted reverse chariot) | fRbQ |
| *White horse | 白駒 | hakku | WH | 駒 | (promoted lance) | fQbR |
(The queen could also be abbreviated FK for free king, and the kirin as Ky for kylin.)
The promotions can be summarized as series of promotion chains, as follows. Within each block below, a piece (except the kings) promotes to the piece above it. Pieces at the top of each block do not promote (and if in italics, and with an *asterisk, as stated before, these appear only upon promotion). Note that pieces may only promote once. For example, a gold general promotes to a rook, and a rook promotes to a dragon king, but a gold general promoted to a rook cannot promote a second time to a dragon king. This is clear from the equipment, for each piece only has two sides.
| Jeweled general | 玉将 | *Prince | 太子 | |
| King general | 王将 | ↑ Drunk elephant | ↑ 酔象 | |
| Vice general | 副将 | Great general | 大将 | |
| ↑ Bishop general | ↑ 角将 | ↑ Rook general | ↑ 飛将 | |
| ↑ Horned falcon | ↑ 角鷹 | ↑ Soaring eagle | ↑ 飛鷲 | |
| ↑ Dragon horse | ↑ 龍馬 | ↑ Dragon king | ↑ 龍王 | |
| ↑ Bishop | ↑ 角行 | ↑ Rook | ↑ 飛車 | |
| ↑ Ferocious leopard | ↑ 猛豹 | ↑ Gold general | ↑ 金将 | |
| ↑ Pawn | ↑ 歩兵 | |||
| Fire demon | 火鬼 | *Heavenly tetrarch | 四天王 | |
| ↑ Water buffalo | ↑ 水牛 | ↑ Chariot soldier | ↑ 車兵 | |
| ↑ Side soldier | ↑ 横兵 | ↑ Vertical soldier | ↑ 竪兵 | |
| ↑ Knight | ↑ 桂馬 | ↑ Iron general | ↑ 鉄将 | |
| Free eagle | 奔鷲 | Lion hawk | 獅鷹 | |
| ↑ Queen | ↑ 奔王 | ↑ Lion | ↑ 獅子 | |
| ↑ Phoenix | ↑ 鳳凰 | ↑ Kirin | ↑ 麒麟 | |
| *Free boar | 奔猪 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Tenjiku_shogi|||