A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| Secoya | |
|---|---|
| Paikoka | |
| Native to | Ecuador, Peru |
| Region | Putumayo River, Vaupés River |
| Ethnicity | Secoya people |
Native speakers | 1,200 (2007)[1] |
Tucanoan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sey |
| Glottolog | seco1241 |
| ELP | Baicoca-Siecoca (shared) |
Secoya (also Sieko Coca, Paicoca, Airo Pãi) is a Western Tucanoan language spoken by the Secoya people of Ecuador and Peru.
Included among the Secoya are a number of people called Angoteros. Although their language comprises only some dialectal differences of Secoya, there are no other communicative obstacles present. The Siona of the Eno River, linguistically different from the Siona of the Putumayo, say there are significant dialectal differences between their language and Secoya, but are still considered a part of them. In ethnographic publications, the Secoya go by other alternate names as well: Encabellado, Pioje (meaning "no" in Secoya),[2] Santa Maria, and Angutera.[3]
Phonology
Voiceless Stops
The voiceless stops /p, t, k, kʷ/ are the same as Spanish, however the aspiration is more articulated in Secoya. The phoneme /t/ is pronounced with the tip of the tongue making contact with the upper teeth. The velar-labialized /kʷ/ is pronounced similarly to /k/, but with rounding of the lips. The glottal stop /ʔ/ almost disappears when strong stress on the previous syllable does not occur.
Voiced Stops
In intervocalic context, the voiced stop /d/ is performed by the simple variant , equal to the Spanish intervocalic /r/. Nasal speech is performed with the nasal consonant .
Aspiration
The voiceless phonemes /sʰ/ and /h/ are both articulated in the alveolar position, making them difficult to distinguish. The /s/ is pronounced a little harder and determines a dull elongation prior to an unstressed vowel. The phoneme /zʰ/ has some laryngeal stress and expresses the laryngealization on adjacent vowels.
Nasals
The nasal consonant /m/ is pronounced the same as in Spanish. The sound n, which is phonemic in other Western Tucanoan languages, is contained in Secoya as a variant of the voiced stop /d/.
Glides
The glides ?pojem= and /y/ are almost equal to the vowels /u/ and /i/ respectively, but more tightly articulated. The ?pojem= resembles the hu in the Spanish "huevo". When it occurs at an adjacent nasal vowel, becomes nasalized. The /y/ is pronounced almost like that in Spanish, but the Secoya articulate it with slightly more friction. When it occurs contiguous to a nasal vowel, the result becomes nasalized and sounds like the Spanish ñ.
Consonants & Vowels
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial-Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Voiceless | p | t | k | kʷ | ʔ | |
| Voiced | d | ||||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | sʰ | h | ||||
| Voiced | zʰ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | ||||||
| Glide | j ⟨y⟩ | w | |||||
Vowels
Back vowels are made with rounded lips and the others are made with non-rounded lips. Nasalization is also distinctive among all vowels.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | u |
| Low | e | a | o |
Morphology
Nouns
The noun in Secoya is distinguished, in most forms, through the general category and the specific unit. The basic form of a noun, without suffixes, indicates the general category (men, children, canoes, stones, eggs, etc.) without specifying a definite number of elements. To indicate the singular or plural, that is, a number of specific elements, suffix classifiers (in the case of inanimate nouns) or gender suffixes (in the case of animate nouns) are added. To indicate a definite number of inanimate objects, a plural suffix is added to a noun. When the word refers to a number of specific elements, we use the definite article in the Spanish translation. However, it can also be translated with the indefinite article.
| Category (General) | Unit (Specific) | Units (Specific) | ||
| pa̱i | pa̱i-o | pa̱i-o hua'i | ||
| "person" | "person, woman" (f) | "people" (f) | ||
| tse̱'a | tse̱'a-quë | tse̱'a-co hua'i | ||
| "owners" | "owner" (m) | "owners" (m) | ||
| yo | yo-huë | yo-huë-a | ||
| "canoe" | "canoe" (f) | "canoes" (f) | ||
| quëna | quëna-me | quëna-me-a̱ | ||
| "wire" | "wire" (m) | "wires" (m) | ||
| huea | huea-pa | huea-pa-a̱ | ||
| "corn" | "cornfield" (m) | "cornfields" (m) | ||
| Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Secoya_language |