Samsø Municipality Samsø Kommune (Danish)
Municipality
Nordby bell tower
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 55°52′N 10°37′E / 55.87°N 10.62°E / 55.87; 10.62
Country	Denmark
Region	Central Denmark
Established	April 1, 1970
Seat	Tranebjerg
Government
• Mayor	Marcel Meijer (A)
Area
• Total	115 km2 (44 sq mi)
Population  (1. January 2023)[1]
• Total	3,775
• Density	33/km2 (85/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC2 (CEST)
Postal code	8305
Municipal code	741
Website	www.samsoe.dk

Samsø Municipality (Danish: Samsø Kommune) is a municipality (Danish: kommune) in Region of Central Denmark. Samsø municipality covers an area of 115 km² in the Kattegat sea, between the Danish mainland of Jutland and Zealand and comprises the island of Samsø as well as a number of small surrounding islands. The mayor has since 2014 been Marcel Meijer, a member of the Social Democrats (Danish: Socialdemokraterne) political party. The seat of the municipal council is the town of Tranebjerg.

Ferry services connect the town of Sælvig to the town of Hov in Odder Municipality as well as Aarhus, and the town of Ballen connects to the city of Kalundborg on Zealand. To the east is the strait of Samsø Bælt, separating Samsø from Zealand.

Samsø Municipality was not merged with any adjacent municipality under the municipal reform of 2007, as it agreed to enter into a "municipal cooperation agreement" with Aarhus Municipality and limited cooperation with Odder Municipality.^[2]

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.^[3]

History

Samsø was a historically important location in the Viking Age, due to its central location in Kattegat. The Kanhave canal was constructed in the 720s to allow for easy and quick access across the sea. Five castles were built on the island in the Middle Ages, where the island was under ownership of the king. The island was in 1676 gifted to Sophie Amalie Moth, who became countess of the island.^[4]

Denmark has historically been divided into syssels in the Middle Ages. Samsø was a hundred in Åbosyssel. With the dissolving of the syssels, Samsø came under Kalundborg Fief. The fief was later changed to a county, and Samsø was between 1660 and 1670 part of Kalundborg County. Kalundborg County was merged into Holbæk County in 1793.^[5][6]

Samsø never had any market towns (Danish: Købstader), but was granted special privileges as islanders. Among those privileges were the permission to ship out their own products, which was usually reserved for market towns. The naval importance of Samsø became significant through the 1600s, but the Great Northern War in 1709-1720 halved the ships on the island. Several fortifications and scones were constructed on Samsø and the surrounding islands, which increased its military importance. The English Wars resulted in another halving of Samsø's ship, and another big hit to the island's economy and maritime significance.^[7]

In 1962 there were five parish municipalities in Samsø Hundred: Besser, Kolby, Nordby, Onsbjerg and Tranebjerg. They were, in 1962, merged to form Samsø Municipality. In 1970 Samsø Municipality was moved from Holbæk County to Århus County. In the municipal reform of 2007 Samsø was not merged with any other municipality.^[8]

Historical divisions

The table below shows the historical municipal subdivisions of Samsø Municipality.^[9]

Historical municipal divisions of Samsø Municipality
1970	1962	1868	1842	Towns
Samsø Mun.	Samsø Parish Mun.	Tranebjerg Parish Mun.		Tranebjerg
				Brundby
		Kolby Parish Mun.		Kolby
		Nordby Parish Mun.		Nordby
		Onsbjerg Parish Mun.	Onsbjerg-Besser Parish Mun.	Onsbjerg
		Besser Parish Mun.		Besser

Towns

Below are all settlements in the municipality with populations of at least 200 people (populations as of 2020).^[10]

Tranebjerg	814
Onsbjerg	229
Nordby	213
Brundby	200

Tranebjerg

Tranebjerg is located centrally on the southern part of the island. Tranebjerg Bog and the river Sørenden borders the town to the north. The south-eastern neighborhood of the town is called Frederiksberg. The rest of the town is surrounded by fields.^[11]

Tranebjerg is the administrative center of the municipality, and home to the municipality's town hall. Tranebjerg Church and Samsø Museum. South of the church is Samsø Library and the municipality's town hall. In the center of the town, slightly south of the town hall, is Samsø Hospital. Also in the center of the town is a football field known as Tranebjerg Stadion, used by the local football teams. Along the road of Langgade, where the football field is also located, are several shops, restaurants and cafés. A pharmacy and tourist center is located in this area. Frederiksberg, the southern part of the town, as well as the eastern part of the town are mainly residential areas. There is a small industrial area in the north-eastern part of the town.^[11]

In 2008 ruins from a church from the 1100s was found in Tranebjerg. This indicated the presence of a castle known as Brattingsborg Castle (Danish: Gammel Brattingsborg), which was burnt down by Stig Andersen Hvide in 1289.^[12]

Villages

Nordby is the northernmost settlement on the island, and is the location of several restaurants and hotel, as well as the largest natural maze in the world, Samsø Labyrinten.^[13]

There are marinas in Ballen, Langør and Mårup Havn, and all three marinas are popular tourist destinations. Ballen is also home to many hotels and restaurants.^[14]

Samsø Højskole was located in the village of Kolby between 1984 and 2012. The school today acts as a hotel.^[15]

The ferry harbour to Kalundborg is located in Ballen, on the south-eastern part of the island. The ferry harbour to Hov and Aarhus is located in Sælvig, also on the western side of the island, but further north.^[16]

Permelille is a village located south of Tranebjerg. A jam and pickled food factory - Samsø Syltefabrik - is located here. The factory building is from 1887 and is originally a dairy factory, which later became an company that sold eggs and asparagus. The asparagus was pickled, and the picked food factory was established in 1974.^[17] Falcon Center Samsø (Danish: Falkecenter Samsø) is located north of Permelille.^[18]

Stavns is a village located south of the Kanhave Canal, on the thin neck of the island. South of Stavns is the Samsø Airport (Danish: Samsø Flyveplads).^[19]

In addition to these villages, there are a number of smaller settlements in the municipality. These are all the settlements with populations of less than 200 people:^[20]

Agerup

Alstrup

Ballen

Ballen Strand

Besser

Brundbymark

Hårdmark

Hårdmark Mark

Kanhave

Kolby

Kolby Kås

Langdal Gårde

Langemark

Langør

Lille Vorbjerg

Mårup

Mårup Østerstrand

Permelille

Pillemark

Selsinggårde

Sildeballe

Stavns

Strandskoven

Sælvig

Tanderup

Toftebjerg

Torup

Torupdal

Vesterløkker

Ørby

Østerby

Nature

Most of Samsø is used for agriculture, but the island is also home to several important Danish nature areas.

Sælvig Bay was protected in the 1930s. 14 acres of hills known as Rævebakkerne north of Sælvig was protected in 1989. The hills are home to the endangered astragalus danicus bean plant.^[21]

Dyret, formerly Odinsbjerg, is a hill located south of Onsbjerg. It is 51 meters tall and the highest point on the southern part of the island. The hill was protected in 1919. During the Second World War the Germans used the hill for surveillance of the surrounding waters.^[22]

Brattingsborg Castle owns a 2,030 acre forest known as Brattingsborg Forest on the southernmost part of the island. The forest is open to the public.^[23][24]

Nordby Heath

Nordby Heath (Danish: Nordby Hede) is a 6 km² large heath, largely covered in erica. It was protected, along with Stavns Fjord, in 1981. Up to a quarter of the heath is covered in the invasive moss campylopus introflexus, which suffocates the native erica. Other invasive species threatening the heath are rosa rugosa and Pinus mugo. Cattle has been grazing on the heath since 1998.^[25][26]

Nordby Hills

Nordby Hills (Danish: Nordby Bakker) cover most of the western and northern coasts of the northern part of the island. The highest point of the municipality is Ballebjerg (64 m) and is located among these hills. A watchtower was built on top of Ballebjerg in 1920, giving a view over the coast and the hills. 480 acres in total are protected, spanning from Issehoved, the northernmost point of the island, to Ballebjerg. Four isolated parts of the hills are also protected: Staderenden, Svinekilderne, Møgelskår and Asmindør Hage. The protection of the hills was done in stages, with Møgelskår being protected first in 1936. Issehoved was protected in 1949, and further areas were protected in 1963, 1967 and 1980.^[27]

Espedal, a valley in Møgelskår, is home to unusual Danish livestock, namely gute sheep and highland cattle. The European green toad can be found in Nordby Hills, which makes it the northernmost habitat for the frog in Europe. The sand lizard thrive in the hills, though the lizard is threatened in Denmark. Rare Danish plants in the hills include anacamptis morio, potentilla neumanniana and medicago minima.^[28][29]

Stavns Fjord

Stavns Fjord is a fjord at central Samsø. It covers an area of around 20 km², and is surrounded by Samsø, with an opening between Lilleøre and the 5 km long isthmus Besser Rev to the north. The fjord is shallow, with a nearly circular shape and a number of uninhabited islands. Some islands have a history with livestock or fortifications. The Kanhave Canal cuts into the fjord in the west, on the narrowest section of the island, though water does not run through the canal. The entirety of Stavns Fjord is protected, with around 1500 acres total having been protected since 1981, though the area has been a nature reserve since 1926 before that.^[30][31]

There is a harbour and marina in Langør to the north, and a much smaller harbour just outside Stavns. The harbours are for sports and recreational activities.^[32]

The fjord is one of the biggest breeding grounds for the common eider in Denmark. Many types of ducks, seaducks and seabirds also breed here, including one of the largest cormorant colonies in Denmark. The yellow meadow ant is common on the beaches along the fjord, where swans and waders also breed. The fjord is also home to porpoises, harbor seals and grey seals.^[33]

The islands of Stavns Fjord are: Bosserne, Brokold, Eskeholm, Hjortholm, Hundsholm, Karlskold, Kolderne, Kyholm, Lindholm, Mejlesholm, Sværm, Vejrø, Yderste Holm, Ægholm and Ørhage. The strait between Yderste Holm and Kolderne is known as Rensegab.^[34]

Hjortholm

Hjortholm is the largest island in Stavns Fjord itself, spanning 51 acres. The island's name translates to 'island with deers' and dates back from the 1200s. There are two hills on the island, with the southern hill having been the planned site for a fortification in the Middle Ages. The construction of the fortification was started but never finished. The ruins of a building from the renaissance is located on the island, and this was likely the home of the island's caretaker. The island was around that time used for breeding horses. Hjortholm is owned by Brattingsborg Manor.^[35][36]

Vejrø

Vejrø is located 7 km north-east of Samsø, and is the largest of the four island laying outside Stavns Fjord itself, but still being considered part of the fjord. It spans 55 acres. It is home to mouflon sheep and rabbits. The island is owned by Brattingsborg Manor.^[37]

Kyholm

Kyholm is located just outside of Stavns Fjord itself, north of Besser Rev. It spans 30 acres. The name translates to 'cow island', and has historically been used for cattle grazing. Between 1709 and 1711 Kyholm was a quarantine station during the plague epidemic. A plague house was constructed, and merchant ships had to dock at Kyholm in 40 days to prevent infection with the islanders. During the English Wars between 1801 and 1815, a series of sconces were built and a garrison set up on the island. A quarantine station was established again between 1831 and 1859, this time to prevent cholera. A hospital and a cemetery was built. Ships wanting to go to Danish harbours had to visit Kyholm first. This stopped in 1857 and in 1859 the quarantine station was shut down and the buildings torn down. The cemetery remains on the island, and many tomb stones are still visible. The island is today under the same protection as the other islands in and around Stavns Fjord. Brattingsborg Manor owns the island.^[38][39]

Politics

Samsø Municipality was not merged with any adjacent municipality under the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, instead requiring a special cooperation agreement with Aarhus and Odder Municipality.^[40][41]

On the table below is an overview of all elections held in Denmark since the 2007 Municipal Reform. The percentages in the table are the local results from Samsø Municipality. The party with the most votes received is shaded in their respective color. Venstre has historically been the largest party in the municipality, but has only managed to become the largest party once since 2013. This was in the 2019 European Parliament election, where Morten Løkkegaard was Venstre's lead candidate. In all other elections since 2015, the Social Democrats have been the largest party in the municipality. The Conservative People's Party was the largest party in the regional elections in 2009 and 2013, where Conservative candidate Per Urban Olsen ran. Olsen was a local candidate from Sælvig, and received the most votes of any candidate in Samsø Municipality, receiving 1,306 of the 1,353 votes cast for Conservative candidates in 2009 election. In the 2014 European Parliament election the largest party in the municipality became the Danish People's Party. This was the case in most of the country, and the first time in Denmark's history that the party had been the largest party in a nationwide election. In the 2021 regional elections, the largest party in the municipality was the Social People's Party. A third of the voters in the municipality voted for the Socialist People's Party's candidate Ulla Holm. Holm was a local candidate from Samsø, and received 881 of the 937 votes cast for her party in the municipality.^{[42][43][44][45]}

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Samsø_Municipality
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Election	Percentage													Turnout
	A	B	C	D	F	I	K	N	O	V	Ø	Å	...
2007 Folketing	25.0	4.8	8.3	—	14.5	2.7	0.5	—	12.1	29.2	2.9	—	0.0	85.4%
2009 EP	16.6	3.1	12.8	—	21.0	0.7	—	9.4	11.4	21.9	—	—	3.3	59.7%
2009 Local	13.0	—	19.7	—	17.0	—	—	—	—	32.9	—	—	17.5	79.1%
2009 Region	16.5	3.0	55.5	—	11.4	—	0.1	—	2.6	6.7	3.3	—	0.9	78.8%
2011 Folketing	23.0	7.6	5.3	—	14.0	3.0	0.2	—	10.0	27.9	9.0	—	0.0	87.4%
2013 Local	19.6	—	14.8	—	12.1	1.1	—	—	4.8	34.0	—	—	13.5	82.3%
2013 Region	22.6	1.9	46.7	—	3.3	0.6	0.2	—	3.8	10.6	9.4	—	0.7	82.0%
2014 EP	15.6	4.6	9.8	—	13.1	2.3	—	11.0	25.9	17.7	—	—	—	56.6%
2015 Folketing	28.0	2.3	4.4	—	4.6	5.1	0.3	—	18.0	21.5	8.2