Rutherford (unit)

rutherford
rutherford
Unit of	Activity
Symbol	Rd
Named after	Lord Ernest Rutherford
Conversions
1 Rd in ...	... is equal to ...
curie	2.703×10−5 Ci
SI derived units	1 MBq
SI base units	106 s−1

The rutherford (symbol Rd) is a non-SI unit of radioactive decay. It is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one million nuclei decay per second. It is therefore equivalent to one megabecquerel, and one becquerel equals one microrutherford. One rutherford is equivalent to 2.703 × 10⁻⁵ curie.

The unit was introduced in 1946.^[1] It was named after British/New Zealand physicist and Nobel laureate Lord Ernest Rutherford (Nobel Prize in 1908),^[2] who was an early leader in the study of atomic nucleus disintegrations. After the becquerel was introduced in 1975^[3] as the SI unit for activity, the rutherford became obsolete, and it is no longer commonly used.

Radiation related quantities

The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units:

Ionizing radiation related quantities
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Quantity	Unit	Symbol	Derivation	Year	SI equivalent
Activity (A)	becquerel	Bq	s⁻¹	1974	SI unit
	curie	Ci	3.7 × 10¹⁰ s⁻¹	1953	3.7×10¹⁰ Bq
	rutherford	Rd	10⁶ s⁻¹	1946	1,000,000 Bq
Exposure (X)	coulomb per kilogram	C/kg	C⋅kg⁻¹ of air	1974	SI unit
Exposure (X)	röntgen	R	esu / 0.001293 g of air	1928	2.58 × 10⁻⁴ C/kg
Absorbed dose (D)	gray	Gy	J⋅kg⁻¹	1974	SI unit
	erg per gram	erg/g	erg⋅g⁻¹	1950	1.0 × 10⁻⁴ Gy
	rad	rad	100 erg⋅g⁻¹	1953	0.010 Gy
Equivalent dose (H)	sievert	Sv	J⋅kg⁻¹ × W_R	1977	SI unit
Equivalent dose (H)	röntgen equivalent man	rem	100 erg⋅g⁻¹ × W_R	1971	0.010 Sv
Effective dose (E)	sievert	Sv	J⋅kg⁻¹ × W_R × W_T	1977	SI unit
Effective dose (E)	röntgen equivalent man	rem	100 erg⋅g⁻¹ × W_R × W_T	1971	0.010 Sv

References

^ Lind, SC (1946), "New units for the measurement of radioactivity", Science, 103 (2687): 761–762, Bibcode:1946Sci...103..761L, doi:10.1126/science.103.2687.761-a, PMID 17836457, S2CID 5343688.
^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908".
^ Harder, D (1976), "", Röntgen-Blätter, 29 (1): 49–52, PMID 1251122.

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[pmid_17836457-1] Lind, SC (1946), "New units for the measurement of radioactivity", Science, 103 (2687): 761–762, Bibcode:1946Sci...103..761L, doi:10.1126/science.103.2687.761-a, PMID 17836457, S2CID 5343688.

[2] "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908".

[pmid_1251122-3] Harder, D (1976), "", Röntgen-Blätter, 29 (1): 49–52, PMID 1251122.

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