Protected areas of South Australia, consisting of protected areas located within South Australia and its immediate onshore waters and which are managed by South Australian Government agencies. As of 2018, South Australia contained 359 separate protected areas declared under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, the Crown Land Management Act 2009 and the Wilderness Protection Act 1992. Together, they cover a total land area of 211,387.48 km² (81,617.16 sq mi) or 21.5% of the state's area.^[1]

Jurisdiction

The jurisdiction for legislation of protected areas within South Australia and the immediate onshore waters known officially as "the coastal waters and waters within the limits of South Australia" is that of the South Australian government.^[2] The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 authorises the creation and management of protected areas, which form the majority of South Australia’s contribution to the National Reserve System.^[1][3]

Other South Australian legislation that may create protected areas includes the following: Forestry Act 1950, Wilderness Protection Act 1992, Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981, River Murray Act 2003, Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Act 2005, Fisheries Management Act 2007, Marine Parks Act 2007, Crown Land Management Act 2009, Arkaroola Protection Act 2012 and Native Vegetation Act 1991.

The Australian Government does not have power under the Australian constitution to legislate for protected areas within South Australia. However, its treaty obligations and its constitutional responsibilities permit the state to develop policies for protected areas and to enter into agreements concerning protected areas. Examples include nomination of sites under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (also known as the Ramsar Convention) and establishment of agreements for Indigenous Protected Areas.^{[citation needed]}

National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972

The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (also known as the National Parks Act) is the main South Australian legislation authorising the establishment and management of protected areas.^{[4][5] [note 1]} It is concerned with the establishment and management of reserves, establishment of sanctuaries, conservation of native plants and animals, declaration of protected animals, management of protected animals in respect to taking, keeping, farming and harvesting, and control of hunting.^[4]

The act is administered by the Department for Environment and Water (DEW).^[6]

Reserves declared under this act as of 2014^[update] totalled 320, covering an area of 19,226,432 ha (47,509,550 acres) or 19.6% of South Australia's area.^[1] As of 2021^[update], there were 359 parks in South Australia subject to the act and national parks Regulations.^[7]

The following types of reserves are listed within the Act: national parks, conservation parks, game reserves, recreation parks and regional reserves.^[5]

National parks

National parks are "areas considered to be of national significance due to wildlife, natural features of the land, or Aboriginal or European heritage".^[5] As of May 2020, the following national parks had been declared:^{[8][note 2]}

Conservation parks

Conservation parks are "areas protected for the purpose of conserving wildlife or the natural or historic features of the land".^[5] As of 2021, the following conservation parks had been declared:^{[8] [note 3]}

Former conservation parks include Cape Hart, Cape Torrens, Cleland, Ediacara, Eurilla, Investigator Group, Isles of St Francis, Mount Rescue, Mount Shaugh, Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert Conservation Park, Naracoorte Caves, Port Gawler and Scorpion Springs, Spaniards Gully, Telowie Gorge, Western River, and Wirrabara Range.

Game reserves

Game reserves are "areas set aside for conservation of wildlife and the management of game for seasonal hunting".^[5] As of 2018, the following game reserves had been declared:^[8]

Former game reserves include Coorong and Katarapko.^[4]

Recreation parks

Recreation parks are 'areas managed for public recreation and enjoyment in a natural setting.'^[5] As of March 2018, the following recreation parks have been declared:^[8]

Regional reserves

Regional reserves are "areas proclaimed for the purpose of conserving wildlife or natural or historical features while allowing responsible use of the area's natural resources".^[5] As of 2021, the following regional reserves had been declared:^[8]

Other South Australian legislation

Conservation reserves

Conservation reserves are a parcels of "land set aside for conservation of natural and cultural features under the Crown Land Management Act 2009".^[5] As of 2018, the following conservation reserves had been declared:^[8]

As of 2018, reserves declared under the Crown Land Management Act 2009 totalled 15, covering a total area of 19,471 ha (48,110 acres) or less than 0.1% of South Australia’s area.^[1]

Native forest reserves

The Forestry Act 1950 allows for the declaration of forest reserves for "purposes relating to the conservation, development and management of land supporting native flora and fauna ...." Native forest reserves are administered by the South Australian Forestry Corporation (trading as ForestrySA) which is a wholly owned state government business.^[12][13][14] As of 2014, the following native forest reserves, located in the Southern Flinders Ranges, the Mount Lofty Ranges and the Limestone Coast, had been declared:^[14][15]

Wilderness protection areas

The Wilderness Protection Act 1992 was established in 1992 to provide for "the protection of wilderness and the restoration of land to its condition before European colonisation".^[16] The day-to-day administration of the act is carried out by DEW.^[17] As of 2018, the following areas had been declared:^[8][18][19]

As of 2018, reserves declared under the Wilderness Protection Act 1992 totalled 14, covering an area of 1,843,454 ha (4,555,270 acres) or 1.9% of South Australia’s area.^[1] Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Protected_areas_of_South_Australia
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