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Patiala | |
|---|---|
City | |
Art Deco design Phul Theatre Baradari Palace | |
  Patiala  Patiala | |
| Coordinates: 30°20′N 76°23′E / 30.34°N 76.38°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Patiala |
| Before | Patiala Riyasat |
| Settled | 1754 |
| Founded by | Ala Singh |
| Named for | Ala Singh |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Municipal Corporation of Patiala |
| • Mayor | Sanjeev Kumar Sharma |
| Area | |
| • City | 60 sq mi (160 km2) |
| • Metro | 141.57 sq mi (366.66 km2) |
| Elevation | 843 ft (257 m) |
| Population (2021) | |
| • City | 763,280 |
| • Density | 12,000/sq mi (4,800/km2) |
| • Metro | 820,000 [1] |
| Demonym | Patialvi |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Punjabi |
| • Regional | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 147001 to 147008 and 147021 to 147023 |
| Telephone code | Patiala: 91-(0)175 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-Pb |
| Vehicle registration | PB-11 |
| Website | patiala |
Patiala (Punjabi pronunciation: [pʌʈeɑ̈ːɭɑ]) is a city in southeastern Punjab, northwestern India. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the Qila Mubarak (the 'Fortunate Castle') constructed by the Sidhu Jat Sikh chieftain Ala Singh, who founded the royal dynasty of Patiala State in 1763, and after whom the city is named.
In popular culture, the city remains famous for its traditional Patiala shahi turban (a type of headgear), paranda (a tasselled tag for braiding hair), Patiala salwar (a type of female trousers), jutti (a type of footwear) and Patiala peg (a measure of liquor). Patiala is also known as the Royal City and the Beautiful City.[2]
Etymology
'Patiala' comes from the roots pati and ala, the former is a local word for a "strip of land" and 'ala' comes from the name of the founder of the city, Ala Singh. So, 'Patiala' can be translated into English to mean ‘the land of Ala Singh’.[3]
History
Patiala state was established in 1763 by Ala Singh, a Jat Sikh chieftain, who laid the foundation of the Patiala fort known as Qila Mubarak, around 'which the present city of Patiala is built. After the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 in which the Marathas was defeated by the Afghans, the writ of the Afghans prevailed throughout Punjab. It is at this stage that the rulers of Patiala began to acquire ensigns of royalty. The Patiala state saw more than forty years of a ceaseless power struggle with the Afghan Durrani Empire, Maratha Empire and the Sikh Empire of Lahore.
In 1808, the Raja of Patiala entered into a treaty with the British against Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore in 1808, thus becoming collaborator in the grand empire-building process by the British in the sub-continent of India. Patiala became a 17-gun salute state during the British Raj. The rulers of Patiala such as Karam Singh, Narinder Singh, Mahendra Singh, Rajinder Singh, Bhupinder Singh, and Yadvindra Singh were treated with respect and dignity by the British.
The city of Patiala was designed and developed according to a plan akin to that of temple architecture, the first settlers of Patiala were the Hindus of Sirhind, who opened their business establishments outside the Darshani Gate.[4]
Geography
Patiala is located at 30°19′N 76°24′E / 30.32°N 76.40°E.[5] It has an average elevation of 250 metres (820 feet). During the short existence of PEPSU, Patiala served as its capital city.
Climate
| Climate data for Patiala (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) |
33.3 (91.9) |
37.8 (100.0) |
44.6 (112.3) |
47.0 (116.6) |
46.4 (115.5) |
45.0 (113.0) |
42.7 (108.9) |
40.6 (105.1) |
38.9 (102.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
29.4 (84.9) |
47.0 (116.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
38.6 (101.5) |
38.6 (101.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.9 (91.2) |
31.7 (89.1) |
27.3 (81.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.6 (74.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.4 (45.3) |
17.4 (63.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) |
0.1 (32.2) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.1 (68.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
3.7 (38.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 28.2 (1.11) |
24.5 (0.96) |
15.6 (0.61) |
10.6 (0.42) |
21.6 (0.85) |
73.1 (2.88) |
216.9 (8.54) |
224.1 (8.82) |
120.7 (4.75) |
10.3 (0.41) |
2.2 (0.09) |
10.3 (0.41) |
758.1 (29.85) |
| Average rainy days | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 30.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 68 | 61 | 53 | 33 | 31 | 43 | 69 | 76 | 70 | 58 | 59 | 66 | 57 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
According to the 2021 census, Patiala UA had a population of 820,000 and Patiala city 763,280.[1] Males constituted 54% of the population, and females 46%. Patiala had an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 64.9%. In Patiala, 10% of the population was under 5 years of age.
Religion
Hinduism is the largest religion in Patiala city, with a significant Sikh minority.
| Religious group |
1881[10][11]: 520 [12]: 250 | 1891[13]: 68 [14] | 1901[15]: 44 [16]: 26 | 1911[17]: 23 [18]: 19 | 1921[19]: 25 [20]: 21 | 1931[21]: 26 | 1941[9]: 32 | 2011[22] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hinduism 
|
24,963 | 46.55% | 27,629 | 49.46% | 27,044 | 50.51% | 19,874 | 42.31% | 20,255 | 42.61% | 22,764[b] | 41.29% | 27,361[b] | 39.17% | 255,362 | 57.22% |
Islam 
|
21,119 | 39.38% | 22,121 | 39.6% | 21,543 | 40.23% | 19,154 | 40.78% | 19,345 | 40.7% | 21,591 | 39.16% | 26,116 | 37.39% | 8,361 | 1.87% |
Sikhism 
|
7,101 | 13.24% | 5,755 | 10.3% | 4,720 | 8.82% | 7,477 | 15.92% | 7,455 | 15.68% | 10,462 | 18.98% | 15,894 | 22.75% | 178,336 | 39.96% |
Jainism 
|
435 | 0.81% | 234 | 0.42% | 103 | 0.19% | 249 | 0.53% | 247 | 0.52% | 183 | 0.33% | 146 | 0.21% | 719 | 0.16% |
Christianity 
|
— | — | 62 | 0.11% | 109 | 0.2% | 207 | 0.44% | 216 | 0.45% | 127 | 0.23% | 0 | 0% | 1,824 | 0.41% |
Zoroastrianism 
|
— | — | 55 | 0.1% | 26 | 0.05% | 13 | 0.03% | 10 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Patiala|||||||