Ottoman Governor of Egypt - Biblioteka.sk

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Ottoman Governor of Egypt
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The Ottoman Empire's governors of Egypt from 1517 to 1805 were at various times known by different but synonymous titles, among them beylerbey, viceroy, governor, governor-general, or, more generally, wāli. Furthermore, the Ottoman sultans very often changed positions of their governors in rapid succession, leading to complex and long lists of incumbents (this being the main reason for a political crisis in 1623, where the local Ottoman soldiers successfully sued to keep Kara Mustafa Pasha as governor after his replacement by Çeşteci Ali Pasha after only one year).

Governors ruled from the Cairo Citadel in Cairo. They ruled along with their divan (governmental council), consisting of a kadı (judge) and defterdar (treasurer). The title "beylerbey" refers to the regular governors specifically appointed to the post by the Ottoman sultan, while the title "kaymakam", when used in the context of Ottoman Egypt, refers to an acting governor who ruled over the province between the departure of the previous governor and the arrival of the next one. Although almost all governors were succeeded and preceded by a kaymakam due to the traveling distance from their old post to Egypt, only the most notable are included in this list.

Below is a list of Ottoman wālis of the Egypt Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 (the Ottoman conquest of Egypt) to 1805 (the beginning of the Muhammad Ali dynasty; see list of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty). Governors of Egypt after 1805 are not included in this list because, although they were still nominally and officially Ottoman governors of the province, they assumed the monarchical title "Khedive" that was unrecognized by the central Ottoman government and passed the role in a hereditary fashion. Acting governors (kaymakams) are not included in the numbering.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Ottoman_Governor_of_Egypt
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No. Governor Start End Title Identity notes[N 1] Tenure notes
1 Yunus Pasha 1517 1517 Beylerbey [1][2] Governorship revoked for corruption
2 Hayır Bey No picture available 1517 1522 Beylerbey [1][2][3][4] Died in office
3 Çoban Mustafa Pasha No picture available 1522 1523 Beylerbey [1][2][5][6][7] Put down a small Mamluk revolt[3]
4 Hain Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1523 1524 Sultan [1][2][3][7] Rebelled, declared himself sultan; was executed[3][7]
5 Güzelce Kasım Pasha [ar] (1st) No picture available 1524 1525 Beylerbey [1][2][8]
6 Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha 1525 1525 Beylerbey [1][9] Remained for 3 months, organized the civil and military system of Ottoman Egypt[9]
7 Güzelce Kasım Pasha [ar] (2nd) No picture available 1525 1525 Beylerbey [1][2]
8 Hadım Süleyman Pasha (1st) 1525 1535 Beylerbey [1][2]
9 Divane Hüsrev Pasha No picture available 1535 1537 Beylerbey [1][2]
10 Hadım Süleyman Pasha (2nd) 1537 1538 Beylerbey [1][2]
11 Davud Pasha No picture available 1538 1549 Beylerbey [1][2][10] Long-standing feud with Rüstem Pasha;[10] died in office
Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha 1549 1549 Kaymakam [11][12] Served only a few months[12] as acting governor[11]
12 Semiz Ali Pasha No picture available 1549 1553 Beylerbey [1][2][10] Appointed to another position in Constantinople
13 Dukakinzade Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1553 1556 Beylerbey [1][2][13][14] Used to sing in public with a guitar; executed for violating sharia[13]
14 Iskender Pasha No picture available 1556 1559 Beylerbey [1][2][14][15] Had many public works built between Bab Zuweila and Bab al-Khalq[16]
15 Sofu Hadım Ali Pasha No picture available 1559 1560 Beylerbey [1][2][17] Also known as Sufi Ali Pasha[17] or Hadım Ali Pasha;[1][2] died in office[1]
16 Kara Şahin Mustafa Pasha No picture available 1560 1563 Beylerbey [1][2][18] Founder of the Ridwan dynasty, former governor of Gaza
17 Müezzinzade Ali Pasha 1563 1566 Beylerbey [1][2][13] Also known as Sufi or Sofu Ali Pasha[13]
18 Mahmud Pasha No picture available 1566 1567 Beylerbey [19][20] Built the Mosque of Mahmud Pasha and assassinated in office by gunfire[20]
19 Koca Sinan Pasha (1st) 1567 1569 Beylerbey [1][2][10]
20 Çerkes Iskender Pasha [ar] No picture available 1569 1571 Beylerbey [1][2][21][22][23] Known locally as al-Faqih, "the jurist"[24]
21 Koca Sinan Pasha (2nd) 1571 1573 Beylerbey [1][2][10]
22 Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić No picture available 1573 1574 Beylerbey [1][25][26][27] Of a mild disposition, but thieves multiplied during his short term[25]
23 Hadim Mesih Pasha No picture available 1574 1580 Beylerbey [1][2][13][25] Put to death many thieves, stunting robbery in the region for centuries[25]
24 Hadım Hasan Pasha No picture available 1580 1583 Beylerbey [1][2][28] Jailed in Constantinople[28]
25 Damat Ibrahim Pasha No picture available 1583 1585 Beylerbey [1][2]
26 Defterdar Sinan Pasha [ar] No picture available 1585 1587 Beylerbey [1][2][3][29] Dismissed after being unable to collect enough taxes[29]
27 Kara Üveys Pasha [tr] No picture available 1587 1590 Beylerbey [3][30][31][note 1] Died in office[31]
28 Hadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1590 1594 Beylerbey [1][2] Appointed governor of Bursa
29 Kurd Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1594 1596 Beylerbey [1][2]
30 Emir Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1596 1598 Beylerbey [1][2][21][24][32][33] Known as al-Sharif and seyyid, often visited the Al-Hussein Mosque[24]
31 Hızır Pasha [ar] No picture available 1598 1601 Beylerbey [1][2][33][34]
32 Yavuz Ali Pasha No picture available 1601 1603 Beylerbey [1][2][33][35][36][note 2] Appointed as Grand Vizier[35][36]
33 Maktul Hacı Ibrahim Pasha No picture available 1604 1604 Beylerbey [1][2][33][37][38] Murdered in a sepahi mutiny[39][40][41]
34 Hadım Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1604 1605 Beylerbey [1][33][41][note 3] Attempted to get the mutiny under control, but failed[41]
35 Yemenli Hasan Pasha [ar] No picture available 1605 1607 Beylerbey [1][2][33][42][43] Previously the beylerbey of Yemen Eyalet (1580–1604)[42][43]
36 Öküz Mehmed Pasha 1607 1611 Beylerbey [1][2][33][44][45][46][47] Known as "kul kıran" (slavebreaker) for putting down sipahi mutiny[44][45][46][47]
37 Sofu Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1611 1615 Beylerbey [1][2][21][33][note 4] Not to be confused with Grand Vizier Sofu Mehmed Pasha[2]
38 Nişancı Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1615 1618 Beylerbey [1][2][33] Head of Janissaries (1615); not the same as Grand Vizier Nişancı Ahmed Pasha
39 Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha No picture available 1618 1618 Beylerbey [1][2][33][48] Left governance mostly in the hands of his family, corruption ensued[48]
40 Cafer Pasha No picture available 1618 1619 Beylerbey [1][2][33][49] Educated in various sciences and formerly governor of Yemen[49]
41 Hamidi Mustafa Pasha [ar] No picture available 1619 1620 Beylerbey [1][49] Also known as Ispartalı Mustafa Pasha,[2] dismissed for anti-merchant policies[33][50]
42 Mere Hüseyin Pasha No picture available 1620 1622 Beylerbey [1][2][33][51] Dismissed after the flooding of the Nile caused a drought[52]
43 Biber Mehmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1622 1622 Beylerbey [1][33][53][54] Dismissed after 75 days;[53] also known as Pır[1] or Babür;[2] former wali of Budin[53]
44 Silahdar Ibrahim Pasha [ar] No picture available 1622 1623 Beylerbey [1][2][33][53] Drought led to his dismissal and successor accused him of financial fraud[53]
45 Kara Mustafa Pasha (1st) No picture available 1623 1623 Beylerbey [1][3][33][55] Not the same as Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha[1]
46 Çeşteci Ali Pasha [ar] No picture available 1623 1623 Beylerbey [1][2][3][33][56][57] Soldiers restored Kara Mustafa Pasha[33][56][57]
47 Kara Mustafa Pasha (2nd) No picture available 1624 1626 Beylerbey [1][2][3][33][56] Soldiers, angry at the rapid change in governors, restored him[3][33][56]
48 Bayram Pasha No picture available 1626 1628 Beylerbey [1][2][33][58] Invested and speculated heavily in local merchants and businesses[58]
49 Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1628 1630 Beylerbey [1][2][33][59] Only appeared 6 times in public, but was well-liked[60]
50 Koca Musa Pasha No picture available 1630 1631 Beylerbey [1][3][33][61] Army forced his resignation after his brutality and murder of a local bey[3][62][63]
51 Halil Pasha No picture available 1631 1633 Beylerbey [1][33][64][note 5] Known for his "gentle, impartial, and prosperous administration"[64]