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Newcastle
From the top: Downtown Newcastle Town Skyline from Fort Amiel Museum, Sculpture by Mohau Modisakeng at Entrance 03 of the Newcastle Mall, Newcastle Town Hall, Newcastle from Hilldrop and Arcelor Mittal Newcastle Works
Newcastle Show map of KwaZulu-Natal Newcastle Show map of South Africa Newcastle Show map of Africa
Coordinates: 27°44′47″S 29°55′58″E / 27.74639°S 29.93278°E / -27.74639; 29.93278
Country	South Africa
Province	KwaZulu-Natal
District	Amajuba
Municipality	Newcastle
Established	1864[1]
Government
• Mayor	Xolani Dube (Inkatha Freedom Party[2])
Area [3]
• Total	199.06 km2 (76.86 sq mi)
Elevation	1,194 m (3,917 ft)
Population  (2022)[3]
• Total	507,710
• Density	2,600/km2 (6,600/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2022) [4]
• Black African	51.9%
• Coloured	3.8%
• Indian/Asian	19.8%
• White	23.6%
• Other	0.9%
First languages (2011) [4]
• Zulu	37.4%
• English	35.4%
• Afrikaans	20.7%
• Sotho	1.0%
• Other	5.5%
Time zone	UTC+2 (SAST)
Postal code (street)	2940
PO box	2940
Area code	034
Website	www.newcastle.gov.za

Newcastle is the third-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and is the province's industrial centre. The city has four industrial areas. Newcastle is known as the "New City" The majority of its citizens reside in Newcastle East in the main townships of Madadeni and Osizweni, with the balance residing in Newcastle West (the two sides of Newcastle are separated by the N11 Road). Set at the foothills of the northern KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg Mountains, Newcastle is located in the northwest corner of the province along the Ncandu River.

Newcastle is the seat of the local municipality, and the Amajuba District Municipality. Newcastle's municipal area is 1,855 square kilometres (716 square miles), ranking Newcastle as South Africa's 15th-largest city and consists of 34 wards.

The N11 and R34 are the principal roads linking the city to the rest of South Africa.

History

Toponymy

Newcastle has changed names on numerous occasions during the country's historic rule. It was initially named Post Halt Number 2 on military maps during the 1840s, as postal coaches stopped here to obtain fresh horses on the journey between Durban (then Port Natal in Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek)^[5] and Johannesburg. It was later known as the Waterfall River Township because of the Ncandu River. Newcastle was named after the British Colonial Secretary, the fifth Duke of Newcastle, a British aristocrat, and not the city in England as some believe. On 14 October 1899, during the Anglo-Boer War, Newcastle was invaded by Boer forces, and the entire district was incorporated into the Transvaal Republic. After seven months it was renamed Viljoensdorp, after the commander of the Johannesburg Commando, General Ben Viljoen. However, after relief of Ladysmith under the command of General Redver Buller, the British forces reclaimed the name Newcastle.

Establishment

Newcastle (then Post Halt Number 2) was strategically situated in 1854 by the Surveyor-General of the Natal Colony, Dr. P.C. Sutherland on the banks of the flooded Ncandu River. In 1864, Newcastle was founded on the site, becoming the fourth settlement to be established in Natal after Durban, Weenen and Pietermaritzburg.

War and British rule

In 1876, Fort Amiel was constructed to ward off the Zulus during the war, and in 1873 Newcastle became a separate electoral division.^[6] To commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee (60th anniversary), the construction of a sandstone town hall commenced in 1897, and was completed two years later. The town was used as a depot by the British during both the First and Second Boer War, and also functioned as a major transport junction and stopover for wagons and post chaises during the late 19th century.

British preparation work for the Pretoria Convention of 1881 was done at Newcastle.^[7]

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Newcastle,_KwaZulu-Natal
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