New Zealand goose

New Zealand geese; Temporal range: Otiran-Holocene
	Skeletons of the South Island goose and Cape Barren goose
Conservation status
	; Extinct (NZ TCS)(C. gracilis)
	; Extinct (NZ TCS)(C. calcitrans)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Subfamily:	Anserinae
Genus:	†Cnemiornis; Owen 1866
Species
	C. gracilis; C. calcitrans;

The New Zealand goose is a bird of the extinct genus Cnemiornis of the family Anatidae, subfamily Anserinae.^[3] The genus, endemic to New Zealand, consisted of two species: the North Island goose, C. gracilis and the South Island goose C. calcitrans.^[4]^[5]

Description

This goose was as large as some small moa.^[6]^[7] The North Island species had 15 kg (33 lb) in body mass while the South Island species reached 18 kg (40 lb), far surpassing Canada and Cape barren geese.^[6] They were flightless,^[6] with much-reduced webbing on the feet, an adaptation for terrestrial dwelling similar to that of the nene of Hawaii.^{[citation needed]} They are usually considered most closely related to the Cape Barren goose of Australia.^[5]

Extinction

They were never particularly common, and like many other large New Zealand endemic species they were subject to hunting pressures from the settling Polynesians, as well as predation upon their eggs and hatchlings by kiore, or the Polynesian rat (which accompanied the settlers) and the settlers' dogs, and were extinct before the arrival of European settlers.^[5]^[8]^[6] The Māori name of the North Island goose (C. gracilis) was "tarepo".^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "Cnemiornis gracilis. NZTCS". nztcs.org.nz. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
^ "Cnemiornis calcitrans. NZTCS". nztcs.org.nz. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
^ Baker, A. J. (1991). "A review of New Zealand ornithology". Current Ornithology. 8: 1–67. ISBN 9780306436406.
^ "Cnemiornis Owen". www.nzor.org.nz. Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c Worthy, T. H.; Holdaway, R. N.; Sorenson, M. D.; Cooper, A. C. (December 1997). "Description of the first complete skeleton of the extinct New Zealand goose Cnemiornis calcitrans (Aves: Anatidae), and a reassessment of the relationships of Cnemiornis" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 243 (4): 695–718. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb01971.x. hdl:2027.42/74169.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d T. H. Worthy, Richard N. Holdaway (2002). The Lost World of the Moa. Prehistoric Life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press. p. 232. ISBN 9780253340344. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
^ Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2006). Extinct birds of New Zealand. Paul Martinson. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-909010-21-8. OCLC 80016906.
^ "Extinct birds". www.terranature.org. TerraNature Trust. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

External links

North Island Goose. Cnemiornis gracilis. by Paul Martinson. Artwork produced for the book Extinct Birds of New Zealand, by Alan Tennyson, Te Papa Press, Wellington, 2006
South Island Goose. Cnemiornis calcitrans. by Paul Martinson. Artwork produced for the book Extinct Birds of New Zealand, by Alan Tennyson, Te Papa Press, Wellington, 2006
Recreation of the New Zealand goose vocalisation Morning Report 10 May 2019 Radio New Zealand.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=New_Zealand_goose
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[TCS-1] "Cnemiornis gracilis. NZTCS". nztcs.org.nz. Retrieved 5 April 2023.

[2] "Cnemiornis calcitrans. NZTCS". nztcs.org.nz. Retrieved 1 April 2023.

[3] Baker, A. J. (1991). "A review of New Zealand ornithology". Current Ornithology. 8: 1–67. ISBN 9780306436406.

[4] "Cnemiornis Owen". www.nzor.org.nz. Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research. Retrieved 2019-05-30.

[:0-5] Worthy, T. H.; Holdaway, R. N.; Sorenson, M. D.; Cooper, A. C. (December 1997). "Description of the first complete skeleton of the extinct New Zealand goose Cnemiornis calcitrans (Aves: Anatidae), and a reassessment of the relationships of Cnemiornis" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 243 (4): 695–718. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb01971.x. hdl:2027.42/74169.

[Worthy2002-6] T. H. Worthy, Richard N. Holdaway (2002). The Lost World of the Moa. Prehistoric Life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press. p. 232. ISBN 9780253340344. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[7] Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2006). Extinct birds of New Zealand. Paul Martinson. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-909010-21-8. OCLC 80016906.

[8] "Extinct birds". www.terranature.org. TerraNature Trust. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

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v t e Birds of New Zealand
Common birds	Bellbird (korimako) Black-billed gull (tarāpuka) Brown creeper (pipipi) Brown teal (pāteke) Buff-banded rail (moho-pererū) Dabchick (weweia) Double-banded plover (pohowera) New Zealand falcon (kārearea) Fantail (pīwakawaka) Grey warbler (riroriro) Grey-faced petrel (ōi) Sacred kingfisher (kōtare) Long-tailed cuckoo (koekoeā) Kererū Pipit (pīhoihoi) New Zealand dotterel (tūturiwhatu) South Island robin North Island robin New Zealand scaup (pāpango) Paradise shelduck (pūtangitangi) Pūkeko Rifleman (tītipounamu) New Zealand rock wren (pīwauwau) Shining cuckoo (pīpīwharauroa) Silvereye (tauhou) South Island oystercatcher (tōrea) Spotted shag (pārekareka) Tomtit (miromiro) Tūī Variable oystercatcher (tōrea pango) White-fronted tern (tara) Whitehead (pōpokotea) Wrybill (ngutuparore)
Flightless birds	Great spotted kiwi (roroa) Little spotted kiwi (kiwi pukupuku) North Island brown kiwi (roroa) Okarito kiwi (rowi) Southern brown kiwi (tokoeka) Yellow-eyed penguin (hoiho) Kākāpō South Island takahē Fiordland penguin (tawaki) Weka Blue penguin (kororā)
Endangered endemic birds (flying)	Black-fronted tern (tarapiroe) Black stilt (kakī) Blue duck (whio) Fernbird (mātātā) Foveaux shag Kākā Kea North Island kōkako South Island kōkako New Zealand fairy tern (tara-iti) New Zealand king shag (kawau tūī) New Zealand storm petrel (takahikare) Northern royal albatross Otago shag (Matapo) Orange-fronted parakeet (kākāriki karaka) Red-billed gull (tarāpunga) North Island saddleback (tīeke) South Island saddleback (tīeke) Shore plover (tūturuatu) Stitchbird (hihi) Yellowhead (mōhua)
Chatham Islands birds	Black robin (karure) Chatham albatross (toroa) Chatham gerygone Chatham oystercatcher (tōrea) Chatham parakeet Chatham petrel (ranguru) Chatham pigeon (parea) Chatham shag (papua) Chatham snipe Magenta petrel (tāiko) Pitt shag (kawau o rangihaute)
Subantarctic islands birds	Antipodean albatross (Toroa) Auckland rail Auckland shag Auckland teal (tētē kākāriki) Antipodes parakeet Bounty shag Campbell albatross Campbell shag Campbell teal Erect-crested penguin (tawaki nana hī) Reischek's parakeet Snares snipe Snares penguin (pokotiwha) Subantarctic snipe (tutukiwi)
Extinct birds	South Island piopio (piopio) New Zealand bittern (kaoriki) New Zealand quail (koreke) Huia Haast's eagle Moa North Island adzebill South Island adzebill Auckland Island merganser (rakiraki maungahuka) Chatham Island merganser Bushwren (mātuhituhi) Long-billed wren South Island stout-legged wren North Island stout-legged wren Lyall's wren Chatham kākā Laughing owl (whēkau) Chatham penguin Waitaha penguin Eyles' harrier (kērangi) North Island little spotted kiwi North Island snipe South Island snipe Forbes's snipe Snipe-rail Imber's petrel Scarlett's shearwater (ōiruki) North Island takahē (moho) New Zealand goose Finsch's duck (manutahora) New Zealand owlet-nightjar (ruru hinapō) New Zealand musk duck New Zealand swan (poūwa)

New Zealand geese Temporal range: Otiran-Holocene

Skeletons of the South Island goose and Cape Barren goose
Conservation status
Extinct (NZ TCS)^[1](C. gracilis)
Extinct (NZ TCS)^[2](C. calcitrans)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Subfamily:	Anserinae
Genus:	†Cnemiornis Owen 1866
Species
C. gracilis C. calcitrans