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Nelson | |
|---|---|
| The Corporation of the City of Nelson | |
 Historic Baker Street | |
 Coat of arms  | |
| Nickname: The Queen City | |
| Motto: "Forge Ahead" | |
  Nelson Location of City of Nelson within British Columbia, Canada | |
| Coordinates: 49°30′0″N 117°17′0″W / 49.50000°N 117.28333°W | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| Region | Kootenays |
| Regional district | Central Kootenay |
| Incorporated | 1897 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Elected city council |
| • Mayor | Janice Morrison |
| • Governing body | Nelson City Council |
| • MP | Rob Morrison (CPC) |
| • MLA | Brittny Anderson (BC NDP) |
| Area | |
| • Land | 11.93 km2 (4.61 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 535 m (1,755 ft) |
| Population (2016)[1] | |
| • Total | 10,664 |
| • Density | 1,552.3/km2 (4,020/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−8 (PST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−7 (PDT) |
| Forward sortation area | |
| Area code(s) | 250, 778, 236, 672 |
| Highways |  Hwy 6  Hwy 3A |
| Website | nelson |
Nelson is a city located in the Selkirk Mountains on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake in the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Known as "The Queen City" and acknowledged for its impressive collection of restored heritage buildings from its glory days in a regional silver rush, Nelson is one of the three cities forming the commercial and population core of the West Kootenay region, the others being Castlegar and Trail. The city is the seat of the Regional District of Central Kootenay. It is represented in the provincial legislature by the riding of Nelson-Creston, and in the Parliament of Canada by the riding of Kootenay—Columbia.
History
Founding
The western Kootenay region of British Columbia, where the city of Nelson is situated, is part of the traditional territories of the Sinixt (or Lakes) and Ktunaxa (Kutenai) peoples.
Gold and silver were found in the area in 1867. Following the discovery of silver at nearby Toad Mountain in 1886, the town's population grew quickly, leading to incorporation in 1897. Two railways were built to pass through Nelson. Due to its location near transportation corridors, Nelson grew to supply the local mining activity and soon became a transportation and distribution centre for the region.
Nelson was named in 1888 after Hugh Nelson, then Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia.[2]
Early 20th century
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Francis Rattenbury, an architect most noted in British Columbia for the Parliament Buildings in Victoria, the Vancouver Provincial Courthouse, and the second Hotel Vancouver, designed chateau-style civic buildings made of granite, which stand today. By the 1900s, Nelson boasted several fine hotels, a Hudson's Bay Company store and an electric streetcar system. The local forestry and mining industries were well established.
The town built its own hydroelectric generating system.[3] English immigrants planted lakeside orchards, and Doukhobors from Russia, sponsored by Tolstoy and the Quakers, tilled the valley benchlands. The Doukhobor museum is located nearby, close to the neighbouring town of Castlegar.
Nelson 1917-1920 used Single transferable vote (STV), a form of proportional representation, to elect its councillors. Councillors were elected in one at-large district. Each voter casts just a single vote using a ranked transferable ballot.
During the Vietnam War, many American draft evaders settled in Nelson and the surrounding area. This influx of liberal, mostly educated young people had a significant impact on the area's cultural and political demographics.
Nelson's mountainous geography kept growth confined to the narrow valley bottom, except for certain hillside structures such as the local High School and the former Notre Dame University College (NDU) campus. Throughout the '60s and '70s, when more prosperous cities were tearing down and rebuilding their downtowns to the design of the time, Nelson merchants 'modernized' their buildings with aluminum siding.
Baker Street
In the early 1980s, Nelson suffered a devastating economic downturn when the local Kootenay Forest Products sawmill was closed. Downtown merchants were already suffering from the opening of a large, regional shopping centre on Nelson's central waterfront, the Chahko Mika Mall. At the time, Victoria and Vancouver were experimenting with historical restorations of their oldest areas, with some success.[citation needed] To save downtown and Baker Street from blight, Nelson quickly followed suit, stripping aluminum facades and restoring the buildings to their original brilliance. Local designer Bob Inwood, one of Nelson's many American immigrants, played a significant role as a consultant. By 1985, Baker Street was completely transformed. Affirmation of the street's success came in 1986 when Steve Martin chose to produce his feature film Roxanne primarily in Nelson, using the local fire hall as a primary set and many historic locations for others. More broadly, the transformation marked the beginning of Nelson's ongoing transition from a resource-based town to an arts and tourism town. A walk down Baker Street through the Historic District is now one of Nelson's promoted visitor activities.
Geography
Climate
Nelson has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold and snowy, while summers are warm and drier with cool temperatures during the night.
| Climate data for South Slocan (~20km West of Nelson) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
22.5 (72.5) |
30.0 (86.0) |
35.5 (95.9) |
38.0 (100.4) |
41.0 (105.8) |
39.5 (103.1) |
36.1 (97.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
41.0 (105.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
24.2 (75.6) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.5 (83.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
0.2 (32.4) |
14.1 (57.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.7 (25.3) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.1 (19.2) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
10.1 (50.2) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
1.6 (34.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.7 (−25.1) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
−22.2 (−8.0) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−23.5 (−10.3) |
−35.0 (−31.0) |
−35.0 (−31.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 94.0 (3.70) |
69.8 (2.75) |
62.4 (2.46) |
61.0 (2.40) |
68.2 (2.69) |
71.1 (2.80) |
54.4 (2.14) |
49.4 (1.94) |
51.4 (2.02) |
61.6 (2.43) |
104.0 (4.09) |
105.9 (4.17) |
853.2 (33.59) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 39.0 (1.54) |
48.4 (1.91) |
56.5 (2.22) |
60.3 (2.37) |
68.2 (2.69) |
71.1 (2.80) |
54.4 (2.14) |
49.4 (1.94) |
51.4 (2.02) |
59.8 (2.35) |
78.9 (3.11) |
42.7 (1.68) |
680.0 (26.77) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 55.1 (21.7) |
21.3 (8.4) |
5.9 (2.3) |
0.7 (0.3) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1.8 (0.7) |
25.2 (9.9) |
63.3 (24.9) |
173.2 (68.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 14.1 | 12.7 | 13.3 | 12.5 | 13.7 | 13.2 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 11.3 | 15.1 | 14.6 | 147.8 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 6.8 | 8.9 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 13.7 | 13.2 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 5.7 | 123.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 9.2 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.38 | 4.9 | 10.2 | 31.5 |
| Source: Environment Canada[4] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Nelson had a population of 11,106 living in 4,948 of its 5,314 total private dwellings, a change of 5.1% from its 2016 population of 10,572. With a land area of 11.93 km2 (4.61 sq mi), it had a population density of 930.9/km2 (2,411.1/sq mi) in 2021.[5]
Nelson's poverty rate has been ascertained to be more than twice the provincial and national averages.[6]
Ethnicity
| Panethnic group |
2021[7] | 2016[8] | 2011[9] | 2006[10] | 2001[11] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
| European[a] | 9,135 | 85.17% | 9,160 | 89.32% | 9,270 | 92.89% | 8,440 | 92.9% | 8,690 | 94.82% |
| Indigenous | 585 | 5.45% | 560 | 5.46% | 425 | 4.26% | 300 | 3.3% | 175 | 1.91% |
| East Asian[b] | 275 | 2.56% | 210 | 2.05% | 165 | 1.65% | 165 | 1.82% | 165 | 1.8% |
| South Asian | 245 | 2.28% | 85 | 0.83% | 55 | 0.55% | 90 | 0.99% | 35 | 0.38% |
| Southeast Asian[c] | 215 | 2% | 70 | 0.68% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.11% | 10 | 0.11% |
| Latin American | 90 | 0.84% | 60 | 0.59% | 25 | 0.25% | 30 | 0.33% | 10 | 0.11% |
| African | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Nelson,_British_Columbia||||||||||