Milvini - Biblioteka.sk

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Milvini
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Buteoninae
Western red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis calurus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Subfamily: Buteoninae
Vigors, 1825
Genera

About 19, see article

The Buteoninae are a subfamily of birds of prey which consists of medium to large, broad-winged species.

They have large, powerful, hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, and powerful talons. They also have extremely keen eyesight to enable them to spot potential prey from a distance.

This subfamily contains the buzzards (buteonine hawks) with great diversity in appearance and form and some appearing eagle-like, with at least 50 species included overall in the subfamily. At one time, several types were grouped, including large assemblages such as booted eagles, but modern studies using mitochondrial DNA clarified that this subfamily was smaller than formerly classified.[1][2][3]

Systematics

The subfamily Buteoninae was introduced (as "Buteonina") by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Vigors in 1825 with Buteo as the type genus.[4][5] The subfamily includes about 79 currently recognized species.[6] Unlike many lineages of Accipitridae, which seemed to have radiated out of Africa or South Asia, the Buteoninae clearly originated in the Americas based on fossil records and current species distributions (more than 75% of the extant raptors from this lineage are found in the Americas).[7][8]

A genus level cladogram of the Buteoninae is shown below. It is based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the family Accipitridae by Therese Catanach and collaborators that was published in 2024.[9]

Buteoninae
Milvini

Milvus – kites (3 species - with split of yellow-billed)

Haliastur – kites (2 species)

Haliaeetus – sea and fish eagles (4 species)

Icthyophaga – sea and fish eagles (6 species)

Buteonini

Butastur – buzzards (4 species)

Ictinia – kites (2 species)

Geranospiza – crane hawk

Busarellus – black-collared hawk

Rostrhamus – snail kite

Helicolestes – slender-billed kite

Morphnarchus – barred hawk

Cryptoleucopteryx – plumbeous hawk

Buteogallus – hawks and eagles (9 species)

Rupornis – roadside hawk (placement uncertain)

Parabuteo – hawks (2 species)

Geranoaetus – hawks (3 species)

Pseudastur – hawks (3 species)

Leucopternis – hawks (3 species)

Buteo – hawks and buzzards (28 species)

Genera

Tribe Image Genus Species
Milvini Vigors 1824-milvine kites and sea and fish eagles. Milvus Lacépède, 1799
Haliastur Selby, 1840
Haliaeetus Savigny, 1809
Icthyophaga Lesson, 1843
Buteonini Vigors 1824 Butastur Hodgson, 1843
Ictinia Vieillot, 1816
Geranospiza Kaup, 1847
Busarellus Lesson, 1843
Rostrhamus Lesson, 1830
Helicolestes Bangs & Penard, 1918
Morphnarchus Ridgway, 1920
Cryptoleucopteryx Amaral et al., 2009
Buteogallus Lesson, 1830
Rupornis Kaup, 1844
Parabuteo Ridgway, 1874
Geranoaetus Kaup, 1844
Pseudastur Blyth, 1849
Leucopternis Kaup, 1847
Buteo Lacépède, 1799