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MacArthur Fellows Program | |
---|---|
Sponsored by | The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation |
Date | 1981 |
Website | https://www.macfound.org/programs/awards/fellows/ |
The MacArthur Fellows Program, also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and colloquially called the "Genius Grant",[a] is a prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to typically between 20 and 30 individuals working in any field who have shown "extraordinary originality and dedication in their creative pursuits and a marked capacity for self-direction" and are citizens or residents of the United States.[5]
According to the foundation's website, "the fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishments but rather an investment in a person's originality, insight, and potential", but it also says such potential is "based on a track record of significant accomplishments". The current prize is $800,000 paid over five years in quarterly installments. Previously, it was $625,000. This figure was increased from $500,000 in 2013 with the release of a review[6] of the MacArthur Fellows Program. The award has been called "one of the most significant awards that is truly 'no strings attached'".[7]
The program does not accept applications. Anonymous and confidential nominations are invited by the foundation and reviewed by an anonymous and confidential selection committee of about a dozen people. The committee reviews all nominees and recommends recipients to the president and board of directors. Most new fellows first learn of their nomination and award upon receiving a congratulatory phone call. MacArthur Fellow Jim Collins described this experience in an editorial column of The New York Times.[3]
Marlies Carruth is the program's current director.[8]
Recipients
Since 1981, 1131 people have been named MacArthur Fellows,[9] ranging in age from 18 to 82.[10]
In the five broad categories defined by the foundation, the breakdown for recipient focus is as follows: Arts 336; Humanities 170; Public Issues 257; STEM 335; and Social Sciences 120.[9]
Of the 965 terminal degrees earned by 928 fellows during the period 1981 through 2018, 540 (56%) are doctorates, with the Ph.D. accounting for 514 (53.3%). Ivy league schools awarded 306 (31.7%) degrees to 300 (32.3%) fellows.[11][12]
Among the 1131 fellowship awards through the class of 2023, the following ten institutions have the most alumni fellows:[9][13][14]
Institution | Fellows (1981–2023)[9] |
---|---|
Harvard/Radcliffe† | 188 |
Yale | 95 |
Berkeley | 78 |
Princeton | 71 |
Columbia/Barnard† | 65 |
MIT | 48 |
Stanford | 41 |
Chicago | 40 |
Cornell | 38 |
Oxford | 35 |
1981
- A. R. Ammons, poet
- Joseph Brodsky, poet
- John Cairns, molecular biologist
- Gregory V. Chudnovsky, mathematician
- Joel E. Cohen, population biologist
- Robert Coles, child psychiatrist
- Richard Critchfield, essayist
- Shelly Errington, cultural anthropologist
- Howard Gardner, psychologist
- Henry Louis Gates Jr., literary critic
- John Gaventa, sociologist
- Michael Ghiselin, evolutionary biologist
- Stephen Jay Gould, paleontologist
- Ian Graham, archaeologist
- David Hawkins, philosopher
- John P. Holdren, arms control and energy analyst
- Ada Louise Huxtable, architectural critic and historian
- John Imbrie, climatologist
- Robert Kates, geographer
- Raphael Carl Lee, surgeon
- Elma Lewis, arts educator
- Cormac McCarthy, writer
- Barbara McClintock, geneticist
- James Alan McPherson, short story writer and essayist
- Roy P. Mottahedeh, historian
- Richard C. Mulligan, molecular biologist
- Douglas D. Osheroff, physicist
- Elaine H. Pagels, historian of religion
- David Pingree, historian of science
- Paul G. Richards, seismologist
- Robert Root-Bernstein, biologist and historian of science
- Richard Rorty, philosopher
- Lawrence Rosen, attorney and anthropologist
- Carl Emil Schorske, intellectual historian
- Leslie Marmon Silko, writer
- Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr., astrophysicist
- Derek Walcott, poet and playwright
- Robert Penn Warren, poet, novelist, and literary critic
- Stephen Wolfram, computer scientist and physicist[15]
- Michael Woodford, economist
- George Zweig, physicist and neurobiologist[16]
1982
- Fouad Ajami, political scientist
- Charles A. Bigelow, type designer
- Peter Robert Lamont Brown, historian
- Robert Darnton, European historian
- Persi Diaconis, statistician
- William Gaddis, novelist
- Ved Mehta, writer
- Bob Moses, educator and philosopher
- Richard A. Muller, geologist and astrophysicist
- Conlon Nancarrow, composer
- Alfonso Ortiz, cultural anthropologist
- Francesca Rochberg, Assyriologist and historian of science
- Charles Sabel, political scientist and legal scholar
- Ralph Shapey, composer and conductor
- Michael Silverstein, linguist
- Randolph Whitfield Jr., ophthalmologist
- Frank Wilczek, physicist
- Frederick Wiseman, documentary filmmaker
- Edward Witten, physicist, creator of the M-Theory[17]
1983
- R. Stephen Berry, physical chemist
- Seweryn Bialer, political scientist
- William C. Clark, ecologist and environmental policy analyst
- Philip D. Curtin, historian of Africa
- William H. Durham, biological anthropologist
- Bradley Efron, statistician
- David L. Felten, neuroscientist
- Randall W. Forsberg, political scientist and arms control strategist
- Alexander L. George, political scientist
- Shelomo Dov Goitein, medieval historian
- Mott T. Greene, historian of science
- James E. Gunn, astronomer
- Ramón A. Gutiérrez, historian
- John J. Hopfield, physicist and biologist
- Béla Julesz, psychologist
- William Kennedy, novelist
- Leszek Kołakowski, historian of philosophy and religion
- Sylvia A. Law, human rights lawyer
- Brad Leithauser, poet and writer
- Lawrence W. Levine, historian
- Ralph Manheim, translator
- Robert K. Merton, historian and sociologist of science
- Walter F. Morris Jr., cultural preservationist
- Charles S. Peskin, mathematician and physiologist
- A.K. Ramanujan, poet, translator, and literary scholar
- Alice M. Rivlin, economist and policy analyst
- Julia Robinson, mathematician
- John Sayles, filmmaker and writer
- Richard M. Schoen, mathematician
- Peter Sellars, theater and opera director
- Karen K. Uhlenbeck, mathematician[18]
- Adrian Wilson, book designer, printer, and book historian
- Irene J. Winter, art historian and archaeologist
- Mark S. Wrighton, chemist[19]
1984
- George W. Archibald, ornithologist
- Shelly Bernstein, pediatric hematologist
- Peter J. Bickel, statistician
- Ernesto J. Cortes Jr., community organizer
- William Drayton, public service innovator
- Sidney Drell, physicist and arms policy analyst
- Mitchell J. Feigenbaum, mathematical physicist
- Michael H. Freedman, mathematician
- Curtis G. Hames, family physician
- Robert Hass, poet, critic, and translator
- Shirley Heath, linguistic anthropologist
- J. Bryan Hehir, religion and foreign policy scholar
- Bette Howland, writer and literary critic
- Bill Irwin, clown, writer, and performance artist
- Robert Irwin, light and space artist
- Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, novelist and screenwriter
- Fritz John, mathematician
- Galway Kinnell, poet
- Henry Kraus, labor and art historian
- Paul Oskar Kristeller, intellectual historian and philosopher
- Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot, educator
- Heather Lechtman, materials scientist and archaeologist
- Michael Lerner, public health leader[20]
- Andrew W. Lewis, medieval historian
- Arnold J. Mandell, neuroscientist and psychiatrist
- Peter Mathews, archaeologist and epigrapher
- Matthew Meselson, geneticist and arms control analyst
- David R. Nelson, physicist
- Beaumont Newhall, historian of photography
- Roger S. Payne, zoologist and conservationist
- Michael Piore, economist
- Edward V. Roberts, disability rights leader
- Judith N. Shklar, political philosopher
- Charles Simic, poet, translator, and essayist
- Elliot Sperling, Tibetan studies scholar
- David Stuart, linguist and epigrapher
- Frank Sulloway, psychologist (child birth-order research)
- John E. Toews, intellectual historian
- Alar Toomre, astronomer and mathematician
- James Turrell, light sculptor
- Amos Tversky, cognitive scientist
- Bret Wallach, geographer
- Jay Weiss, psychologist
- Arthur Winfree, physiologist and mathematician
- J. Kirk Varnedoe, art historian
- Carl R. Woese, molecular biologist[21]
- Billie Young, community development leader[22]
1985
- Joan Abrahamson, community development leader
- John Ashbery, poet
- John F. Benton, medieval historian
- Harold Bloom, literary critic
- Valery Chalidze, physicist and human rights organizer
- William Cronon, environmental historian
- Merce Cunningham, choreographer
- Jared Diamond, environmental historian and geographer
- Marian Wright Edelman, Children's Defense Fund founder
- Morton Halperin, political scientist
- Robert M. Hayes, lawyer and human rights leader
- Edwin Hutchins, cognitive scientist
- Sam Maloof, professional woodworker and furniture maker
- Andrew McGuire, trauma prevention specialist
- Patrick Noonan, conservationist
- George Oster, mathematical biologist
- Thomas G. Palaima, classicist
- Peter Raven, botanist
- Jane S. Richardson, biochemist
- Gregory Schopen, historian of religion
- Franklin Stahl, geneticist
- J. Richard Steffy, nautical archaeologist
- Ellen Stewart, theater director
- Paul Taylor, choreographer, dance company founder
- Shing-Tung Yau, mathematician[23]
1986
- Paul Adams, neurobiologist
- Milton Babbitt, composer and music theorist
- Christopher Beckwith, philologist
- Richard Benson, photographer
- Lester R. Brown, agricultural economist
- Caroline Bynum, medieval historian
- William A. Christian, historian of religion
- Nancy Farriss, historian
- Benedict Gross, mathematician
- Daryl Hine, poet and translator
- John Robert Horner, paleobiologist
- Thomas C. Joe, social policy analyst
- David Keightley, historian and sinologist
- Albert J. Libchaber, physicist
- David C. Page, molecular geneticist
- George Perle, composer and music theorist
- James Randi, magician
- David Rudovsky, civil rights lawyer
- Robert Shapley, neurophysiologist
- Leo Steinberg, art historian
- Richard P. Turco, atmospheric scientist
- Thomas Whiteside, journalist
- Allan C. Wilson, biochemist
- Jay Wright, poet and playwright
- Charles Wuorinen, composer[24]
1987
- Walter Abish, writer
- Robert Axelrod, political scientist
- Robert F. Coleman, mathematician
- Douglas Crase, poet
- Daniel Friedan, physicist
- David Gross, physicist
- Ira Herskowitz, molecular geneticist
- Irving Howe, literary and social critic
- Wesley Charles Jacobs Jr., rural planner
- Peter Jeffery, musicologist
- Horace Freeland Judson, historian of science
- Stuart Alan Kauffman, evolutionary biologist
- Richard Kenney, poet
- Eric Lander, geneticist and mathematician
- Michael Malin, geologist and planetary scientist
- Deborah W. Meier, education reform leader
- Arnaldo Dante Momigliano, historian
- David Mumford, mathematician
- Tina Rosenberg, journalist
- David Rumelhart, cognitive scientist and psychologist
- Robert Morris Sapolsky, neuroendocrinologist and primatologist
- Meyer Schapiro, art historian
- John H. Schwarz, physicist
- Jon Seger, evolutionary ecologist
- Stephen Shenker, physicist
- David Dean Shulman, historian of religion
- Muriel S. Snowden, community organizer
- Mark Strand, poet and writer
- May Swenson, poet
- Huỳnh Sanh Thông, translator and editor
- William Julius Wilson, sociologist
- Richard Wrangham, primate ethologist[25]
1988
- Charles Archambeau, geophysicist
- Michael Baxandall, art historian
- Ruth Behar, cultural anthropologist
- Ran Blake, composer and pianist
- Charles Burnett, filmmaker
- Philip James DeVries, insect biologist
- Andre Dubus, writer
- Helen T. Edwards, physicist
- Jon H. Else, documentary filmmaker
- John G. Fleagle, primatologist and paleontologist
- Cornell H. Fleischer, Middle Eastern historian
- Getatchew Haile, philologist and linguist
- Raymond Jeanloz, geophysicist
- Marvin Philip Kahl, zoologist
- Naomi Pierce, biologist
- Thomas Pynchon, novelist
- Stephen J. Pyne, environmental historian
- Max Roach, drummer and jazz composer
- Hipolito (Paul) Roldan, community developer
- Anna Curtenius Roosevelt, archaeologist
- David Alan Rosenberg, military historian
- Susan Irene Rotroff, archaeologist
- Bruce Schwartz, figurative sculptor and puppeteer
- Robert Shaw, physicist
- Jonathan Spence, historian
- Noel M. Swerdlow, historian of science
- Gary A. Tomlinson, musicologist
- Alan Walker, paleontologist
- Eddie Williams,[26] policy analyst and civil rights leader
- Rita P. Wright, archaeologist
- Garth Youngberg, agriculturalist[27]
1989
- Anthony Amsterdam, attorney and legal scholar
- Byllye Avery, women's healthcare leader
- Alvin Bronstein, human rights lawyer
- Leo Buss, evolutionary biologist
- Jay Cantor, writer
- George Davis, environmental policy analyst
- Allen Grossman, poet
- John Harbison, composer and conductor
- Keith Hefner, journalist and educator
- Ralf Hotchkiss, rehabilitation engineer
- John Rice Irwin, curator and cultural preservationist
- Daniel Janzen, ecologist
- Bernice Johnson Reagon, music historian, composer, and vocalist
- Aaron Lansky, cultural preservationist
- Jennifer Moody, archaeologist and anthropologist
- Errol Morris, filmmaker
- Vivian Paley, educator and writer
- Richard Powers, novelist
- Martin Puryear, sculptor
- Theodore Rosengarten, historian
- Margaret W. Rossiter, historian of science
- George Russell, composer and music theorist
- Pam Solo, arms control analyst
- Ellendea Proffer Teasley, translator and publisher
- Claire Van Vliet, book artist
- Baldemar Velasquez, farm labor leader
- Bill Viola, video artist
- Eliot Wigginton, educator
- Patricia Wright, primatologist[28]
1990
- John Christian Bailar, biostatistician
- Martha Clarke, theater director
- Jacques d'Amboise, dance educator
- Guy Davenport, writer, critic, and translator
- Lisa Delpit, education reform leader
- John Eaton, composer
- Paul R. Ehrlich, population biologist
- Charlotte Erickson, historian
- Lee Friedlander, photographer
- Margaret Geller, astrophysicist
- Jorie Graham, poet
- Patricia Hampl, writer
- John Hollander, poet and literary critic
- Thomas Cleveland Holt, social and cultural historian
- David Kazhdan, mathematician
- Calvin King, land and farm development specialist
- M. A. R. Koehl, marine biologist
- Nancy Kopell, mathematician
- Michael Moschen, performance artist
- Gary Nabhan, ethnobotanist
- Sherry Ortner, anthropologist
- Otis Pitts, community development leader
- Yvonne Rainer, filmmaker and choreographer
- Michael Schudson, sociologist
- Rebecca J. Scott, historian
- Marc Shell, scholar
- Susan Sontag, writer and cultural critic
- Richard Stallman, Free Software Foundation founder, copyleft concept inventor Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=MacArthur_Fellows_Program
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