This is a list of cities and towns in Poland, consisting of four sections: the full list of all 107 cities in Poland by size, followed by a description of the principal metropolitan areas of the country, the table of the most populated cities and towns in Poland, and finally, the full alphabetical list of all 107 Polish cities and 861 towns combined.

As of 30 April 2022, there are altogether 2471 municipalities (gmina) in Poland:

• 1513 of them are rural gminas containing exclusively rural areas, each of them forms a part of one of the 314 regular powiats, but never as its seat,
• the remaining 968 contain a locality classified either as a city or a town, among them:
  • 666 towns are managed together with their rural surroundings under a single local government in the form of an eponymous urban-rural gmina typically seated in such town (though not always; currently, Gmina Nowe Skalmierzyce is the only urban-rural gmina seated elsewhere than in the town); such mixed municipalities always form part of a regular powiat, sometimes seated in such town, in such case being usually an eponymous one (though there are some exceptions; e.g. Warsaw West County is seated in the town Ożarów Mazowiecki while Gdańsk County is seated in the town Pruszcz Gdański, although their names would suggest otherwise; in addition, two binominal "hyphen" counties seated in such towns have been named so due to long-established animosity between a pair of towns similar in size, in order to placate both competing populations, namely Strzelce-Drezdenko County and Ropczyce-Sędziszów County; finally, the mountainuous Bieszczady County has been named after the mountain range rather than its seat)
  • 302 cities and towns are standalone as an urban gmina; nevertheless some of them be also a seat of an eponymous rural gmina surrounding it (the latter thus being often doughnut-shaped), despite not being a part of its territory;
    • 195 standalone towns, each of them forming a part of a regular powiat and sometimes being its seat, in the latter case usually an eponymous one, though there are three exceptions (two of them are binominal "hyphen" counties, with Czarnków-Trzcianka County named so due to a long-established animosity between a pair of towns similar in size, while Bieruń-Lędziny County acquired its name when the decision was taken to have its seat relocated from its original location in Tychy, a city with powiat rights, to one of these two conpeting towns; the third exception is the mountainuous Tatra County named after the mountain range rather than its seat)
    • 107 cities (governed by a city mayor or prezydent miasta), among them:
      • 41 cities form along with two or more other municipalities an eponymous regular powiat, seated always in the city
      • 66 cities hold status of a city with powiat rights (an independent city) which is an urban gmina operating also as a powiat in its own right within a voivodeship; nevertheless, it may be also a seat of a regular powiat, in such case usually an eponymous one (with two exceptions, namely the Łódź East County bearing the additional designation East because of bordering the city only to the west, as well as the mountainuous Karkonosze County seated in Jelenia Góra but named after the mountain range rather than its seat) despite not being included in the territory of the county (the latter thus being often doughnut-shaped)
        • 37 cities are over 100,000, including
          • 18 cities which serve as a seat for voivode or the voivodeship sejmik, thus being informally called voivodeship cities or capitals (in spite of only 16 voivodeships existing in Poland; the discrepancy is caused by the fact that both institutions are seated in a single capital city in only 14 of the 16 voivodeships, while in each of the remaining two they are divided equally between a pair of capital cities),
            • 11 of them are seats of an appeal court and other supra-voivodeship institutions,
              • They include the capital city of the country, the only Polish city with population exceeding 1,000,000, and the only one governed by a dedicated act of Parliament.

In some cases, a city with powiat rights may also be a seat of both an eponymous rural gmina and an eponymous regular powiat, despite belonging to neither, e.g. Siedlce, Skierniewice, Słupsk. No city in Poland constitutes a separate voivodeship in its own right, though 5 cities held such status in the past.

General principles

All municipalities in Poland are governed regardless of their type under the mandatory mayor–council government system. Executive power in a rural gmina is exercised by a wójt, while the homologue in municipalities containing cities or towns is called accordingly either a city mayor (prezydent miasta) or a town mayor (burmistrz), all of them elected by a two-round direct election, while the town/city council is the legislative, budget-making and oversight body. Any local laws considered non-compliant with the national ones may be invalidated by the respective voivode, whose rulings may be appealed to an administrative court. Decisions in individual cases may in turn be appealed to quasi-judicial bodies named local government boards of appeal [pl], their ruling subject to appeal to an administrative court. A town or city mayor may be scrutinized or denied funding for his/her projects by the council, but is not politically responsible to it and does not require its confidence to remain in office; therefore, cohabitation is not uncommon. A recall referendum may however be triggered either in respect to the wójt/town mayor/city mayor or to the municipal council through a petition supported by at least 1/10 of eligible voters, but the turnout in the recall referendum must be at least 3/5 of the number of people voting in the original election in order for the referendum to be valid and binding. In addition, elected bodies of any municipality may be suspended by the Prime Minister of Poland in case of persisting law transgressions or negligence, resulting in such case in the municipality being placed under receivership. In a city with powiat rights, the city mayor additionally has the powers and duties of a powiat executive board and a starosta, while the city council has the powers and duties of a powiat (county) council; both nevertheless being elected under the municipal election rules rather than those applicable to county elections.

Cities

In spite of no linguistic distinction between a city and a town in the Polish language (both translated miasto), a city may be recognized among other Polish urban municipalities through being managed by a city mayor (prezydent miasta, literally translated city president) instead of a town mayor (burmistrz) as the head of the city executive, thus being informally called miasto prezydenckie, with such privilege automatically awarded to municipalities either inhabited by more than 100,000 residents (currently 37) or those enjoying the status of a city with powiat rights (currently 66). As of 2022, all of the former group fit into the latter, though it was not always the case in the past. There is, however, a number of exemptions due to historic or political reasons, when a municipality meets neither of these two conditions but nevertheless has the city status, including the only 3 capitals of the former voivodeships of Poland (1975–1998) not meeting the abovementioned criteria, as well as 38 other municipalities which do not fit into any of the mentioned categories but have nevertheless been allowed to keep the earlier awarded status due to unspecified historical reasons. Among the 37 cities over 100,000, 18 are seats of voivode or voivodeship sejmik, thus carrying the informal designation of a voivodeship city. 11 of them are seats of an appeal court and other supra-voivodeship institutions.

The 107 Polish cities belong to the following size ranges in terms of the number of inhabitants (cites with powiat rights are indicated with italics; the seats of either a voivode or a voivodeship legislature are marked in bold, the seats of an appeal court are marked with an asterisk*):

• 1 city larger than 1,000,000: Warsaw*
• 1 city from 750,000 to 1,000,000: Kraków*
• 3 cities from 500,000 to 750,000: Wrocław*, Łódź*, Poznań*
• 6 cities from 250,000 to 500,000: Gdańsk*, Szczecin*, Bydgoszcz, Lublin*, Białystok*, Katowice*
• 26 cities from 100,000 to 250,000: Gdynia, Częstochowa, Radom, Rzeszów*, Toruń, Sosnowiec, Kielce, Gliwice, Olsztyn, Zabrze, Bielsko-Biała, Bytom, Zielona Góra, Rybnik, Ruda Śląska, Opole, Tychy, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Elbląg, Płock, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Wałbrzych, Włocławek, Tarnów, Chorzów, Koszalin
• 45 cities from 50,000 to 100,000: Kalisz, Legnica, Grudziądz, Jaworzno, Słupsk, Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Nowy Sącz, Jelenia Góra, Siedlce, Mysłowice, Konin, Piła, Piotrków Trybunalski, Inowrocław, Lubin, Ostrów Wielkopolski, Suwałki, Stargard, Gniezno, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, Siemianowice Śląskie, Głogów, Pabianice, Leszno, Żory, Zamość, Pruszków, Łomża, Ełk, Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Chełm, Mielec, Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Przemyśl, Stalowa Wola, Tczew, Biała Podlaska, Bełchatów, Świdnica, Będzin, Zgierz, Piekary Śląskie, Racibórz, Legionowo, Ostrołęka
• 26 cities from 35,000 to 50,000: Świętochłowice, Wejherowo, Zawiercie, Skierniewice, Starachowice, Wodzisław Śląski, Starogard Gdański, Puławy, Tarnobrzeg, Kołobrzeg, Krosno, Radomsko, Kwidzyn, Otwock, Skarżysko-Kamienna, Ciechanów, Kutno, Sieradz, Zduńska Wola, Świnoujście, Żyrardów, Bolesławiec, Nowa Sól, Knurów, Oświęcim, and Sopot.

The biggest towns (e.g. Tarnowskie Góry, Rumia, Piaseczno) are larger than a number of cities.

Principal metropolitan areas

Only a single officially incorporated multi-purpose metropolitan union exists in Poland, the sui generis Metropolis GZM, established by a dedicated act of Parliament of Poland within the Silesian Voivodeship, currently composed of 41 contiguous municipalities, with some of them containing also rural areas. Its total population is 2,279,560. The metropolis largely coincides with the metropolitan area of the Katowice urban area, which is a part of the wider polycentric transnational Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area.

A de facto metropolitan area is, however, also formed in some aspects by Warsaw metropolitan area, consisting of the capital city of Warsaw, a city with powiat rights, and the 9 neighbouring counties: Warsaw West County, Nowy Dwór County, Legionowo County, Wołomin County, Mińsk County, Otwock County, Piaseczno County, Pruszków County and Grodzisk Mazowiecki County. Warsaw forms together with these counties a NUTS 2 area separate as an exception from the remainder of its home region, the Mazovian Voivodeship. In addition, identical area is policed by the Capital City Police Headquarters separate from the Mazovian Voivodeship Police Headquarters, with a status equal to that of voivodeship police headquarters. Attempts to establish a formally incorporated metropolitan union have been fiercely resisted by the citizens and the city mayor of Warsaw who have considered them a form of concealed gerrymandering, potentially leading to a political takeover of the city government through aiming to counterbalance the profoundly liberal city population with the conservative population of the neighbouring areas.

A third widely known metropolitan area is the metropolitan area of Tricity in Pomeranian Voivodeship, urban area of which consists of the eponymous cities of Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia. The designation has been used informally or semi-formally only. A strategic cooperation declaration, the Tricity Charter (Polish: Karta Trójmiasta), was signed by the three city mayors on 28 March 2007. The only incorporated common management authority in the Tricity metro is the Gdańsk Bay Public Transport Metropolitan Union (Polish: Metropolitarny Związek Komunikacyjny Zatoki Gdańskiej) which is, despite the name, an inter-municipal union and not a metropolitan one.

Largest cities and towns by population

Poland contains:

• 1 city over 1,000,000
• 4 cities from 500,000 to 999,999:
• 6 cities from 250,000 to 499,999:
• 26 cities from 100,000 to 249,999:
• 45 cities and 1 town from 50,000 to 99,999
• 25 cities and 69 towns from 25,000 to 49,999
• 221 towns from 10,000 to 24,999
• 187 towns from 5,000 to 9,999
• 220 towns from 2,500 to 4,999
• 140 towns from 1,000 to 2,499
• 9 towns below 1,000.

Below is the table of the most populated cities and towns in Poland. The table ranks cities by population based on data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland.^[1][2]

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_towns_in_Poland
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Population at various dates

Name	Voivodeship	1 Jan 2022	1 Jan 2021	30 June 2020	Dec. 2007	1999	1970	1960	1950	1900	Change 2007 – 2020
Warsaw	Masovian	1,863,056	1,794,166	1,793,579	1,706,624	1,618,468	1,315,648	1,139,189	822,036	756,400	4.92%
Kraków	Lesser Poland	802,583	779,966	780,981	766,583	740,666	583,444	481,296	343,638	120,300	1.63%
L|o|dz|Łódź	Łódź	664,071	672,185	677,286	753,192	806,728	762,699	709,698	620,273	351,600	-9.82%
Wrocław	Lower Silesian	642,687	641,928	643,782	632,930	643,877	526,000	430,522	308,925	422,700	1.60%
Poznań	Greater Poland	529,410	532,048	533,830	567,932	578,235	471,900	408,132	320,670	126,000	-5.83%
Gdańsk (part of Tricity urban area)	Pomeranian		470,621	471,525	458,717	458,988	365,600	286,940	194,633	140,600	2.66%
Szczecin	West Pomeranian		395,513	400,990	410,811	416,988	338,000	269,318	178,907	210,700	-2.17%
Bydgoszcz	Kuyavian-Pomeranian		339,053	346,739	361,222	386,855	282,200	232,007	162,524	52,200	-3.61%
Lublin	Lublin		336,339	339,547	351,806	356,251	238,500	181,304	116,629	53,600	-3.42%
Białystok	Podlaskie		295,683	297,585	294,143	285,000	168,500	120,921	68,503	66,000	1.16%
Katowice (part of Katowice urban area)	Silesian	286,960	291,774	317,220	345,934		305,000	269,926	175,496	31,700	-7.71%
Gdynia (part of Tricity urban area)	Pomeranian	243,918	245,867	250,242	253,521		191,500	147,625	103,458	900	-1.56%
Częstochowa	Silesian	214,342	219,278	242,300	257,812		188,189	164,906	112,198	53,700	-9.02%
Radom	Masovian	206,946	210,532	224,857	232,262		159,480	130,116	80,298	30,100	-6.00%
Rzeszów	Podkarpackie	198,609	196,821	166,454	162,049		83,105	62,526	28,133	18,300	17.88%
Toruń	Kuyavian-Pomeranian	196,935	201,106	206,619	211,955		129,872	104,906	80,637	29,600	-2.50%
Sosnowiec (part of Katowice urban area)	Silesian	194,818	198,996	222,586	244,102		145,000	131,654	96,448	86,700	-10.16%
Kielce	Świętokrzyskie	191,448	194,218	205,902	212,383		126,950	89,500	61,332	23,200	-5.37%
Gliwice (part of Katowice urban area)	Silesian	175,102	178,186	197,393	212,164		172,000	135,300	119,968	52,400	-9.52%
Olsztyn	Warmian-Masurian	169,793	171,853	175,710	171,131		94,753	67,887	43,831	24,300	-2.12%
Zabrze (part of Katowice urban area)	Silesian	168,946	171,691	189,062	200,177		197,840	190,049	172,355	26,000	-8.82%
Bielsko-Biała	Silesian	168,319	170,303	175,690	178,963		106,200	75,527		17,400	-2.86%
Bytom (part of Katowice urban area)	Silesian	161,139	164,447	184,765	205,560		187,500	182,578	173,955	51,400	-10.56%
Zielona Góra	Lubusz	140,403	141,280	117,523	118,182		73,485	54,291	31,634	21,000	20.17%
Rybnik	Silesian	135,994	137,782	141,080	144,582		43,700	34,099	27,222	7,200	-2.11%
Ruda Śląska (part of Katowice urban area)	Silesian	135,008	137,030	144,584	159,665		143,122	131,667	33,962	14,800	-4.99%
Opole	Opole	127,077	128,012	126,748	129,553		86,900	63,500	38,464	30,100	1.02%
Tychy (part of Katowice urban area)	Silesian	125,781	127,307	129,776	133,178		71,500	49,914		4,900	-1.68%
Gorzów Wielkopolski	Lubusz	120,087	123,341	125,411	126,019		74,782	58,671	32,825	33,600	-1.43%
Elbląg	Warmian-Masurian	117,390	119,097	126,710	129,782		90,051	76,513	48,112	52,500	-5.83%
Dąbrowa Górnicza (part of Katowice urban area)	Silesian	116,971	118,899	128,795	131,037		61,700	55,720	32,446	3,000	-7.32%
Płock	Masovian	116,962	118,989	126,968	131,011		71,900	42,798	33,128	27,000	-5.94%
Wałbrzych	Lower Silesian	108,222	110,603	123,635	136,923