The first documented deaths of competitive cyclists during competition or training date to the 1890s and early 1900s when the recently-invented safety bicycle made cycling more popular, both as a sport and as a mode of transport.^[1] The athletes listed here were either professional cyclists, professional pacemakers or well-known competitive amateurs who had a cycling-related death, mostly during a race or during training. Pacemakers are motorcyclists utilized in motor-paced racing, riding motorcycles in front of their cycling teammates to provide additional speed to those cyclists via the resulting slipstream.^[2]

Safety has been a concern since cycling's early days. By 1929, at least 47 people had died while racing at velodromes – 33 cyclists and 14 pacemakers.^{[3][Note 1]} Motor-paced cycling still exists in the modern era as keirin racing and derny racing. A number of professionals and competitive amateurs have been killed in crashes with motorized vehicles while training on public roads plus there is a growing number of cyclists who have died of heart attacks while cycling in a race or while training.^[6] Some of these deaths affect cycle racing afterwards – the death of Andrey Kivilev in a crash during the 2003 Paris–Nice race caused the Union Cycliste Internationale to institute a mandatory helmet rule.

The dangers of the various sporting forms of cycling continue to be an issue,^[7] including training on public roadways.^[8] A survey of 2008 Olympics teams, however, indicated that cycling was not even in the top six most injury-prone sports during competition that year.^[9] Racing cyclists who have died during a race or during training are remembered by cycling aficionados and the cycling press. Their personal effects are exhibited in museums,^[10] their cemetery markers and tombstones are visited by fans, and as one commentator wrote: "Plaques, statues and shrines to cycling's fallen heroes are scattered all over Europe's mountain roads, turning any ride into a pilgrimage."^[11]

Cyclists who died during a race or because of a crash that happened during a race

Cyclists who died during a race

Name	Image	Competitive status	Date of death	Nationality	Location of death and additional information
Pierre Froget	—	Track cyclist	August 21, 1894	France	Crashed at the Velodrome in Vichy while tandem racing as a track cyclist. Died six days later at the age of 21, was the first death in a cycling crash on a French track.[12]
Bert Harris	—	Track cyclist (professional)	April 21, 1897	United Kingdom	While participating in a race at Aston on Easter Monday of 1897 Harris' cycle touched another rider and he was upset head-first onto the track's surface. Harris died a few days later, never having regained consciousness. Tens of thousands of mourners lined the streets of Leicester for his funeral procession.[13][14][15][16][17][18]
Muller	—	Pacemaker	1899	German Empire	Due to a fall during a competition on the winter track in Hamburg, Mullier died directly at the scene. Kocher, the cyclist of the pacemaker, decided to quit cycling.[19]
Harry Miles William Stafford	—	Pacemakers	May 31, 1900	United States	During a race at the Waltham, Massachusetts track, four tandem-motorcycles crash. Pacemakers Miles and Stafford, both 25 years old, are killed in the crash.[19][20]
Oscar Aaronson [Note 3]	—	Track cyclist	December 22, 1900	Sweden	Injured during December 16, 1900 competitors' crash at the New York City/Madison Square Garden Six-Day Race.[21][22][23] Died on the 22nd from aftereffects of the crash, from exhaustion and pneumonia.[24]
Johnny Nelson	—	Track cyclist	September 6, 1901	USA	Nelson was a professional cyclist originally from Chicago. On September 4, 1901 he was in a 15-mile match race with Jimmy Michael at Madison Square Garden. Two miles into the race a tire on Nelson's pacemaker's vehicle exploded. Nelson then collided with the vehicles of both his pacemaker and Michael's pacemaker. Nelson's leg was badly lacerated in the crash and he suffered a massive blood loss. He died two days later in Bellevue Hospital.[25][26]
Charles Kerff	—	Road cyclist	May 18, 1902	Belgium	Kerff crashed during the French cycling classic Marseille–Paris in which his brother Marcel also participated. The cause was unknown but Kerff had no visible injuries and was unconscious immediately after the crash. He was taken to the hospital in Aix-en-Provence but was dead on arrival.[27]
Harry Elkes		Track cyclist	May 30, 1903	United States	Died in a crash at Charles River Track in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[28][29][3] Held the world record for "paced-cycle racing" during most of his career and just prior to his fatal crash had achieved a new 5 Miles World Record (going that distance in 6 minutes, 12 1/5 seconds)[28] as well as achieving world's records for 10 and 15 miles.[30] Major Taylor in his autobiography called Elkes "one of the greatest middle-distance riders that ever pedalled a bicycle."[31]
Alfred Görnemann		Track cyclist	October 11, 1903	German Empire	Collided with his pacemaker during an October 11, 1903 race on the Dresden track and died that evening.[32][33]
Jules Oreggia	—	Track cyclist	May 15, 1904	France	Died during a stayers race at the Marseille velodrome[34][35]
Pilack	—	Track cyclist, pacemaker	June 16, 1904	German Empire	Died at the track while acting as a pacemaker during a race[32][19]
Paul Dangla		Track cyclist	June 1904[Note 4]	France	Died from injuries he received in a crash on a track at Magdeburg, Germany.[39][38]
Karl Käser		Track cyclist	August 14, 1904	German Empire	Was killed during a paced race between himself and Thaddeus Robl at the Plauen track in Saxony, Germany. Was utilizing a 24-inch tire on a 22-inch wheel and in the moments before his fatal crash Käser had just pushed back his safety helmet.[40][Note 5][41][42][Note 6]
George Leander		Track cyclist	August 23, 1904	United States	Died as a result of injuries during a race at the Parc des Princes track (or velodrome) in Paris. Had been going 92 kmh/57 mph at the time.[3][42][43][44]
Jimmy Michael		Road & Track cyclist	November 1904	United Kingdom	Died November 20, 1904[45] as a result of the injuries he received in a crash at a Berlin track a year or two before[Note 7] where his skull was fractured.[19][46] It is thought that Michael probably had some kind of brain damage from the fall, as afterwards he suffered from severe headaches,[32] had partial paralysis of his face, and had lapses of memory. Michael was en route from the UK to the United States on the ocean steamer "Savoie". The night before he died Michael complained of feeling sick and nauseous, telling the ship's doctor that his symptoms were the result of the Berlin track crash.[45][48] Some sources state he died from alcoholic delirium tremens[49] or a brain hemorrhage.[3]
Charles Albert Brécy		Track cyclist	November 25, 1904	France	Crashed into his pacemaker's motorcycle when the engine failed, died eleven days later. The crash occurred during an attempt to break the Paced Hour Record (meaning how much distance could be achieved within an hour) at the Parc des Princes velodrome.[50][51][Note 8]
Hubert Sevenich		Track cyclist	May 7, 1905	German Empire	Sevenich's sixth stayer competition as a professional was the Grand Prix of Brunswijk on 7 May 1905. During the race a pacer's motorcycle collided with others on the track and Sevenich was crushed to death against the track's guardrail.[52][53][54][55][19]
Willy Schmitter		Track cyclist	September 18, 1905	German Empire	Suffered a skull fracture in a crash during the European Championship at the Leipzig track and died a few hours afterwards[56][57]
Gustav Freudenberg		Track cyclist	April 29, 1906	German Empire	Collided with a pacemaker's motorcycle at the track in Magdeburg. An artery in his right leg was torn open and he died at the track as a result of his injuries.[58][59]
Richard Huhndorf		Track cyclist (amateur) & Stayer	July 22, 1906	German Empire	Fatally injured during a 100 km race, the Kleinen Golden Rad von Halle[60][61]
Charles Péguy		Track cyclist, pacemaker	June 9, 1907	France	Died in a crash on the Spandau Track in Berlin.[62][63]
Louis Mettling		Track cyclist	June 21, 1907	United States	Died in his sleep on June 21 as a result of a crash during a 50-mile pace-following race on the Dresden track June 9, 1907[64][65][66]
Josef Schwarzer		Pacemaker	August 30, 1907	German Empire	Düsseldorf track[67]
Moritz Hübner		Track cyclist (amateur)	October 13, 1907	German Empire	During "Die Goldpokal", a 100 km stayers' race, Hübner fell to the track when his pacing motorcycle broke down, then was fatally injured when a succeeding cycle ran over his body.[68][69]
Gustav Schadebrodt		Track cyclist	October 22, 1907	German Empire	Died in a crash at the Brandenburg track with his brother Otto as pacemaker. The two Schadebrodt brothers were a team, Otto Schadebrodt the pacemaker riding a motorcycle in front and Gustav riding his bicycle behind.[70][71]
Ernst Wolf		Pacemaker	October 29, 1907	German Empire	While standing at the edge of the Dresden Track, Wolf was run over by a fellow pacemaker.[72]
Karel Verbist		Track cyclist	July 21, 1909	Belgium	Verbist collided with his pacemaker's (Constant Ceurremans') motorcycle on the Bruxelles track.[73][74][75] Verbist is the subject of a macabre Flemish folk-poem... "Chareltje, Chareltje Verbist, hadt ge niet gereden op de pist(e), hadt ge niet gelegen in de kist."[76] which roughly translates to "Verbist, if you hadn't ridden your bike, you may not have ended up in a coffin."
Fritz Theile		Track cyclist	June 4, 1911	German Empire	Zehlendorf Velodrome[77]
Hans Bachmann	—	Pacemaker	1913	German Empire	Velodrome Hall[78]
Hans Lange	—	Track cyclist	1913	German Empire	Velodrome Hall[78]
August Kraft	—	Track cyclist	July 25, 1913	German Empire	Strasbourg, France[79]
Richard Scheuermann		Track cyclist	September 8, 1913	German Empire	Killed almost instantly during a 100-kilometer event on the Cologne track. Gus Lawson, Paul Guignard's pacemaker, lost control of his pacemaking motorcycle when the back tire blew out. Emil Meinhold, Scheuermann's pacemaker, then collided – at 50 mph on his motorcycle – straight into the wreckage.[80][81] Scheuermann and Lawson were both killed almost instantly. Meinhold was mistakenly reported in the newspapers of the day to have died (which error has been repeated in modern references[82]) but he recovered from his injuries and was involved in the cycling world for many years afterwards.[83][84]
Gus Lawson		Pacemaker	September 8, 1913	United States	Killed immediately in a multi bicycle–motorcycle crash on the Cologne track during a 100-kilometer event.[81] (See Richard Scheuermann 'Notes' above)
Max Hansen	—	Track cyclist	October 12, 1913	German Empire	Berlin Velodrome Stadium[78]
Piet van Nek Sr.[Note 9]		Track cyclist	April 14, 1914	Netherlands	Injured and died as a result of a tire blow-out on the Leipzig track during the inaugural Grote Oostprijs, a 100+ km race. van Nek's Amsterdam artistic gravesite marker is a well-known monument in Amsterdam.[85]
Willy Hamann	—	Track cyclist	July 21, 1914	German Empire	Treptow track. The crash occurred on July 15, Hamann died six days later in hospital.[86]
Max Bauer	—	Pacemaker	1917	German Empire	Treptow track[87]
Jacob Esser	—	Track cyclist	July 8, 1917	German Empire	Died shortly after a crash at the Düsseldorf Germany track that happened when one of his tires blew out[88][89]
Louis Darragon		Track cyclist	April 28, 1918	France	Died in a crash on the track of the Vélodrome d'Hiver Paris.[90]
Peter Günther		Track cyclist	October 7, 1918	German Empire	Günther died the day after an October 6 crash at a track in Düsseldorf. He was involved in a collision with his pacemaker's motorcycle after the motorcycle's rear tire burst.[91][92]
Hans Schneider	—	Track cyclist	January 1920	Weimar Republic	[93]
Emanuel Kudela		Track cyclist	September 22, 1920	Weimar Republic	Olympia track, Berlin[94]
Christian Oorlemans [Note 10]	—	Pacemaker	August 22, 1922	Netherlands	Died in a crash during a track race at Amsterdam's "Het Stadion". Thousands attended Oorlemans' funeral procession.[95][96]
Walter Ebert	—	Track cyclist	June 1, 1924	Weimar Republic	Magdeburg track[97]
Gustave Ganay		Track cyclist	August 23, 1926	France	Stayer. Died from a fall at the Parc des Princes.[98] The crash was immortalized by Ernest Hemingway in A Moveable Feast with "where we saw that great rider Ganay fall and heard his skull crumple under the crash helmet as you crack an hard-boiled egg against a stone to peel it on a picnic."[99]
Franz Krupkat	—	Track cyclist	June 1, 1927	Weimar Republic	Leipzig track[100]
Ernst Feja	—	Track cyclist	June 1, 1927	Weimar Republic	Crashed while training on the concrete track at Oerlikon in Zurich[101][102]
Constant Ceurremans	—	Pacemaker	June 18, 1931	Belgium /  Netherlands	Died in a crash on the track at Cologne. Also involved in Karel (Charles) Verbist's fatal crash in 1909[74][5]
Werner Krüger		Pacemaker	July 21, 1931	Weimar Republic	Died after a fall on the Cologne-Riehl track during a stayer race, while riding as a pacemaker for Emil Thollembeek[103] Was a survivor of the 1909 Friedenau disaster.[5]
Georg Pawlack [Note 11]	—	Track cyclist	June 10, 1933	Nazi Germany	Run over by a pacemaker after his bicycle slipped on a rain-soaked track[104]
Georges Lemaire		Road cyclist	September 29, 1933	Belgium	Died in a crash during the Belgian club championship road race in Uccle, Belgium.[105][Note 12][106]
Emil Richli	—	Track cyclist	May 13, 1934	Switzerland	Track championships[107]
Francisco Cepeda	—	Road cyclist	July 14, 1935	Spain	Tour de France. "Fell down a ravine near Bourg-d'Oisans",[108] died while making the Col du Galibier descent.[109]
Giulio Bartali	—	Road cyclist (amateur)	June 14, 1936	Italy	Brother and training partner of 1938 and 1948 Tour de France winner Gino Bartali. Giulio and Gino Bartali were participating in a regional championship race in Florence, the Targa Chiari, when a car drove onto the course and mowed Giulio down. He died two days later in hospital, never having regained consciousness.[110]
Len Johnson	—	Track and Road cyclist (amateur)	August 8, 1936	Australia	Melbourne to Sale Race. Johnson was riding on the Princes Highway, when he slowed due to a puncture and was hit by a truck laden with timber.[111]
Stefan Veger	—	Track cyclist	November 1936	Netherlands	Track Gent[112]
André Raynaud		Track cyclist	March 1937	France	A world champion stayer, Raynaud died during an Antwerp Sportpaleis track race.[74][113]
Adrien Buttafochi		Road cyclist	July 6, 1937	France	As he was descending the Col Esteret pass during the Grand Prix d'Antibes, Buttafocchi crashed into a wayward vehicle driving up the hill. He lingered in a coma for a few days before dying.[114][115]
Hefty Stuart	—	Road & Track cyclist	December 9, 1938	Australia	Riding in a motor pacing event, Walter "Hefty" Stuart's front tire blew out, causing him to fall and he was run over by a following pacing motorcycle. Stuart died in hospital two weeks later.[116]
Jean Alavoine		Road cyclist	July 18, 1943	France	Alavoine's professional career lasted from 1908 until 1925, he won 17 Tour de France stages along the way. In 1943 at the age of 55 he died during a veterans race in Argenteuil.[117][118][119]
Richard Depoorter	—	Road cyclist	June 16, 1948	Belgium	Crashed into a tunnel wall on a descent of the Sustenpas near Bern,[120] during the Tour of Switzerland, died onsite or shortly thereafter of his injuries.[121][122][123]
Léon Level		Road & Track cyclist	March 26, 1949	France	Fractured his skull in a crash and died at the Parc des Princes track in Paris.[124][125][126]
Paul Chacque	—	Road & Track cyclist	September 1949	France Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_racing_cyclists_and_pacemakers_with_a_cycling-related_death Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.  Navigácia: Veda > Analytika Antropológia Aplikované vedy Bibliometria Dejiny vedy Encyklopédie Filozofia vedy Forenzné vedy Humanitné vedy Knižničná veda Kryogenika Kryptológia Kulturológia Literárna veda Medzidisciplinárne oblasti Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy Metavedy Metodika Metodológia vedy Náboženstvo a veda Náučná literatúra Podvody vo vede Popularizácia vedy Potravinárstvo Prírodné vedy Pseudoveda Scientometria Spoločenské vedy Teórie Teatrológia Technické vedy Technika Terminológia Umenie Výskum Veda Veda a technika podľa štátu Veda a technika podľa kontinentu Veda a technika podľa roka Veda v kozme Vedci Vedecká literatúra Vedecké databázy Vedecké experimenty Vedecké konferencie Vedecké metódy Vedecké ocenenia Vedecké organizácie Vedecké parky Vedeckí spisovatelia Vzdelávanie Záhady Príbuzné výrazy: Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk