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List of massacres in Afghanistan
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The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Afghanistan (numbers may be approximate). The list does not include collateral damage, especially from raids and airstrikes, which were due to mistaken identity or unfortunately getting caught in the line of fire.
Durrani Empire and Anglo-Afghan War
| Name | Date | Location | Deaths, Wounded and Captures | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1842 retreat from Kabul | January 6–13, 1842 | Between Kabul and Jalalabad via Gandamak | Approx 16,500 (figure may incorporate: the missing and captured as well) | 4,000 soldiers of the British East India Company and 12,000 civilians and camp followers.[1] |
| First Anglo-Afghan War | October 1, 1838 – October 1842 | Afghanistan | Emirate of Kabul: 12000 militia infantry; British Empire: 4700 line infantry soldiers | Exact wounded number not specified[2][3] |
| 1888–1893 Hazara uprisings | 1888–1893 | Hazaristan | over 60 to 70 thousand Hazara families | Afghan Troops Massacre Hazaras and take their land known as Hazaristan Over 60% of the total Hazara population was either killed or displaced by the massacre.[4] |
Khalq communist rule
|
| Name | Date | Location | Deaths, Wounded and Captures | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 Herat uprising | March 1979 | Herat | Thousands disappeared without trace | 3,000[5]–25,000[6]
In 1992, a mass grave was uncovered, containing 2,000 bodies of those killed by the DRA[7] repression. |
| Kerala massacre by the PDPA | April 1979 | Kerala, Kunar Province | 1,170–1,260 killed | Unarmed males murdered by the army[8][9] |
| Chindawol uprising | June 1979 | Chindawol | Thousands disappeared without trace | Crack-down by government forces reported, including 4-hour battle, and around 10,000 Hazaras and Qizilbash arrested. Abdul Majid Kalakani was executed.[10][11][12][13] |
Soviet-Afghan War
| Name | Date | Location | Deaths, Wounded and Captures | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operation Storm-333 | December 27, 1979 | Kabul | 350 killed (Afghanistan side), and 14 killed (Soviet side) | 25 (Soviet side) wounded.[14] 1,700 Afghan soldiers surrendered and 150 Palace and Leader's Guards captured.[15][16] |
| 3 Hoot uprising | February 22, 1980 | Kabul | 600 | 5,000+ arrested.[17] |
| 1980 student protests in Kabul | Late April to early June, 1980 | Kabul | 72 and 200 | Students poisoned; 400 to 2000 arrested and a student, Nahid Saaed killed.[18] |
| Siege of Urgun | August 1983 – January 16, 1984 | Urgun, Paktika Province | 600 killed and 243 surrendered (Soviet claimed) | The 243 prisoners were released.[19][20][21] |
| Laghman massacre | April 1985 | Laghman Province | ~500 to ~1,000 | Soviet reprisals against civilians against alleged anti-communist resistance groups.[22] |
| Battle of Maravar Pass | April 21—22, 1985 | Sangam and Daridam, Kunar Province | 31 (Soviet side); Unknown captured | Fatalities from the Afghan Mujahideen side is unknown.[23][24][25][26][27] |
| Badaber uprising | April 25—26, 1985 | Badaber, Pakistan | 52 killed (Soviet side); Soviet claimed 100 to 200 Afghan mujahideen's killed. | Afghan mujahideen claimed killing of 20 people.[28][29][30] |
| 1985 Bakhtar Afghan Airlines Antonov An-26 shootdown | September 4, 1985 | Kandahar | 52 | A Bakhtar Afghan Airlines An-26 (YA-BAM) was shot down by a SAM near Kandahar, killing all 52 people on board. |
| Battles of Zhawar | First battle: September–October 1985; Second battle: February 28 – April 19, 1986 | First battle: Zhawar, Paktia Province; Second battle: Zhawar, Khost Province | 184 killed, 321 wounded and 530 captured (Afghan Mujahideen side); 281+ killed and 363+ wounded (Soviet and Afghanistan/DRA side) | Specific numbers: First battle: 106 killed and 321 wounded (Afghan Mujahideen side); Unknown but expected heavy fatalities for Soviet and Afghanistan side; Second battle: 530 captured, 78 executed and 24 helicopters destroyed (Afghan Mujahideen side); 28 killed and 363 wounded (Soviet and Afghanistan side).[31][32] |
| Battle of Jaji | April 17 – June 13, 1987 | Paktia province | 2+ killed (Soviet and Afghanistan side); 120+ killed (Afghan Mujahideen side) | Osama Bin Laden wounded.[33][34][35] |
| Battle of Arghandab (1987) | May 22 – late June, 1987 | Arghandab District, Kandahar Province | 60+ killed (Afghan Mujahideen side) | 500 killed and wounded; 1200 captured (Afghanistan/DRA side).[36][37][38][39] |
| Operation Magistral | November 19, 1987 – January 10, 1988 | Paktia province | Soviet: 24 killed and 56 wounded; Afghanistan/DRA: 300 killed and 700 wounded | On the Haqqani Network side 150 to 300 killed.[40][41][42] |
| Battle for Hill 3234 | January 7–8, 1988 | Paktia Province, near the Afghanistan–Pakistan border | 6 killed and 28 wounded (Soviet side); 200–250 killed (Afghan mujahideen side). | Two of the Soviet soldiers, Vyacheslav Aleksandrov and Andrey Melnikov, posthumously awarded the Gold Star of the Hero.[43][44] |
| Operation Arrow | October 23 – November 7, 1988 | Laghman Province | 18 killed and 53 wounded (Afghan Mujahideen side); 500 killed and wounded, and 223 captured (Afghanistan/ DRA side) | This was a military offensive by Mjuahideen.[45] |
| Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan | May 15, 1988 – February 15, 1989 | Democratic Republic of Afghanistan | 523 killed (Soviet side) | Unknown fatalities (Afghan Mujahideen side).[46] |
Civil war
| Name | Date | Location | Deaths, Wounded and Captures | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass bombardment of Kabul by Hezb-i Islami | 1992–1993 | Kabul | 50,000 | [47][48] |
| Afshar massacre by Sayyaf's Ittihad-e-Islami | February 10–11, 1993 | Kabul | 570–750 | 700–750 kidnapped by Ittihad and presumed dead |
| Mass bombardment of Kabul by Hezb-i Islami | January 1994 | Kabul | 24,000 | |
| Mass bombardment of Kabul by the Taliban | 1995 | Kabul | 800–4,000 | |
| 1995 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul | September 6, 1995 | Kabul | 1 killed and 26 wounded | [49][50] |
| 15 massacre campaigns by the Taliban and Al-Qaeda | 1996–2001 | Northern, central and western Afghanistan | +15,000 | United Nations: "These are the same type of war crimes as were committed in Bosnia and should be prosecuted in national courts".[51] See some campaigns listed below. The Hazara claim the Taliban executed 15,000 of their people in their campaign through northern and central Afghanistan.[52] |
| Mazar-i-Sharif massacre by Junbish | May and July 1997 | Mazar-i-Sharif | Up to 3,000 | Junbish general Abdul Malik Pahlawan "is widely believed to have been responsible for the brutal massacre of up to 3,000 Taliban prisoners after inviting them into Mazar-i-Sharif."[53][54] |
| Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif (1997–1998) | May 22, 1997 – August 14, 1998 | Near Mazar-i-Sharif, Northern Afghanistan | May to July 1997: about 3000 killed or wounded; September to December 1997: 86 civilians killed; 8 August 1998: 1400 soldiers from the Hazara army and additional 8000+ noncombatant killed | [55][56] |
| Anti-Hazara massacre in Mazar-i-Sharif | August 8–10, 1998 | Mazar-i-Sharif | 2,000 to 20,000 | [57][58][59] |
| Taliban starvation of refugees | 1998 | Northern Afghanistan | Thousands | Denial of UN emergency food supplies to 160,000 starving refugees by the Taliban[60] |
| Istalif campaign by the Taliban and Al-Qaeda | 1999 | Istalif | Unknown | Nity with 45,000 homes razed completely[61] |
| Gosfandi massacre by the Taliban | 1999 | Gosfandi District, Sar-e Pol | 96 | The Taliban were accused of committing five massacres in the Gosfandi district in the 1990s.[62] |
| Deliberate destruction of civilian livelihood | 1999 | Shomali Plain | Hundreds of thousands | Civilians killing, torture, mass rape and other atrocities reported[63] |
| Robatak Pass killings | January 14, 2000 | pass connecting the settlements of Tashkurgan and Pule Khumri | 31 | Taliban perpetrated the mass murders. 26 of the victims were Ismaili Hazara from Baghlan province[64] |
| Civilian killings by the Taliban | January 2001 | Yakawlang | 250–3000 |
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
- Note: According to the United Nations, 75–80% of civilian casualties in the War in Afghanistan were caused by the Taliban and other "resistance" groups from 2009 to 2011.[65][66][67] This list is incomplete and does not represent these official figures properly.
| Name | Date | Location | Deaths, Wounded and Captures | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dasht-i-Leili massacre of Taliban prisoners by Junbish-i Milli | December 2001 | Dasht-i-Leili desert | 250–3000 | Taliban prisoners were allegedly shot and/or suffocated to death in metal shipping containers.[68][69][70][71] |
| 2002 Kabul bombing | December 5, 2002 | Kabul | 26 killed and 167 wounded | The Taliban, al-Qaeda, and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's group have all been suspected.[72][73][74][75] |
| 2004 Deh Rawood bombing | January 31, 2004 | Deh Rawood, Deh Rawood District, Uruzgan province | 8 | A Remote-controlled bomb destroyed a vehicle, killing Mayor Khalif Sadaht and seven of his relatives. Five people were wounded.[76][77] |
| 2004 Kunduz attack | June 9, 2004 | Kunduz, Kunduz Province | 11[78][79][80] | Eleven Chinese aid workers from Jiangxi province were killed in their compound by a score of armed men in Kunduz, and another 4-5 were wounded[81][82][83][84] |
| Attempted assassination of Dick Cheney | February 27, 2007 | Bagram | 23 | A suicide bombing at the outer gate of the Bagram Airfield left at least 23 people dead and injured 20 others. |
| 2007 Helmand Province airstrikes | June 22, 2007 | Helmand Province | 45 | At least 45 Afghan civilians were killed in NATO-led airstrikes |
| 2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack | January 14, 2008 | Kabul | 6 to 7 people killed and 6 wounded | Taliban claimed responsibility.[85] |
| 2008 Kandahar bombing | February 17, 2008 | Kandahar | 100 killed and 100 wounded | Crowd of people who were watching a dog-fighting competition were attacked.[86] |
| Sarposa prison attack of 2008 | June 13, 2008 | Kandahar | 15 policemen killed from the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan side. 10 killed from Taliban side. | Reportedly, attack was carried out by Taliban insurgents.[87] |
| 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul | July 7, 2008 | Kabul | 58 killed and 141 wounded | Taliban and Haqqani network are the alleged perpetrators.[88][89][90] |
| Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing | September 20, 2008 | Islamabad | 54 killed and 266 wounded | Explosives were detonated in front of the Marriott Hotel.[91][92] |
| February 2009 raids on Kabul | February 11, 2009 | Kabul | 21 killed and 57 wounded | Series of strikes by the Taliban against Afghan government targets.[93][94] |
| Granai airstrike | May 4, 2009 | Granai | 86 to 147 killed | Airstrike by a USAF B-1 Bomber |
| 2009 NATO Afghanistan headquarters bombing | August 15, 2009 | Kabul | 7 killed and 91 wounded | Attack was carried out by a Taliban suicide bomber.[95] |
| 2009 Kandahar bombing | August 25, 2009 | Kandahar | 43 killed and 65+ wounded | The Taliban were thought to be responsible.[96][97] The target was apparently the headquarters of a Japanese construction company.[98] |
| 2009 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul Haqqani network | October 8, 2009 | Kabul | 17 killed and 83 wounded | The Taliban were the alleged perpetrators.[99][100] |
| 2009 UN guest house attack in Kabul | October 28, 2009 | Kabul | 11 killed | Five UN staff, two Afghan security personnel and an Afghan civilians were killed.[101] |
| 2009 NATO Afghanistan headquarters bombing | August 15, 2009 | Kabul | 7 killed and 91 wounded | Attack was carried out by a Taliban suicide bomber.[102] |
| 2009 Kandahar bombing | August 25, 2009 | Kandahar | 43 killed and 65+ wounded | The Taliban were thought to be responsible.[103][104] The target was apparently the headquarters of a Japanese construction company.[105] |
| 2009 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul Haqqani network | October 8, 2009 | Kabul | 17 killed and 83 wounded | The Taliban were the alleged perpetrators.[106][107] |
| January 2010 Kabul attack | January 18, 2010 | Kabul | 12 killed and 71 wounded | Taliban gunmen were the reported perpetrators.[108] |
| February 2010 Kabul attack | February 28, 2010 | Kabul | 18 killed and 36 wounded | Taliban, Lashkar-e-Taiba is reported as perpetrator.[109][110] |
| Maywand District killings | January – May 2010 | Kandahar province | 3 killed | A group of U.S. Army soldiers are the reported perpetrators.[111][112][113][114][115][116][117] |
| May 2010 Kabul bombing | May 18, 2010 | Kabul | 18 killed and 52 wounded | Taliban are the reported perpetrators.[118][119][120][121] |
| 2010 Badakhshan massacre by the Taliban | August 6, 2010 | Badakhshan | 10 killed | Victims were 6 Americans, 2 Afghans, 1 Briton and 1 German.[122][123][124][125][126][127][128] |
| Kabul Bank shooting by the Taliban | February 19, 2011 | Jalalabad | 40 killed and 73+ wounded | Aljazeera reported that at least seven suicide bombers stormed a branch of the Kabul Bank.[129][130] |
| 2011 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack | June 28, 2011 | Kabul | 21 killed | Taliban were reported as perpetrator.[131][132][133] |
| September 2011 Kabul attack | September 13, 2011 | Kabul | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_massacres_in_Afghanistan