List of comets visited by spacecraft - Biblioteka.sk

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List of comets visited by spacecraft
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Number of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft

The following tables list all minor planets and comets that have been visited by robotic spacecraft.

List of minor planets visited by spacecraft

A total of 18 minor planets (asteroids, dwarf planets, and Kuiper belt objects) have been visited by space probes. Moons (not directly orbiting the Sun) and planets are not minor planets and thus are not included in the table below.


Minor planet Space probe
Name Image Dimensions
(km)
(a)
Discovery
year
Name Closest approach Remarks
year in km in radii(b)
951 Gaspra
18.2 × 10.5 × 8.9
(12.2 km)
1916 Galileo 1991 1,600 262 Flyby; first asteroid visited by a spacecraft.
243 Ida
56 × 24 × 21
(28 km)
1884 Galileo 1993 2,390 152 Flyby; discovered Dactyl; first asteroid with a moon visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by spacecraft at the time.
253 Mathilde
66 × 48 × 46
(58 km)
1885 NEAR Shoemaker 1997 1,212 49.5 Flyby; largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time.
433 Eros
34 × 11 × 11
(17 km)
1898 NEAR Shoemaker 1998–2001 landed landed 1998 flyby; 2000 orbited (first asteroid studied from orbit); 2001 landing; first asteroid landing, first asteroid orbited by a spacecraft, first near-Earth asteroid (NEA) visited by a spacecraft.
9969 Braille
2.2 × 0.6
(1.6 km)
1992 Deep Space 1 1999 26 12.7 Flyby; followed by flyby of Comet Borrelly; failed to image it during closest approach, only taking images 14,000 km from the asteroid.
5535 Annefrank
4.0 1942 Stardust 2002 3,079 1,230 Flyby
25143 Itokawa
0.5 × 0.3 × 0.2
(350 meters)
1998 Hayabusa 2005 landed landed Landed; returned dust samples to Earth in 2010 - first sample return mission from asteroid; smallest asteroid visited by a spacecraft, first asteroid visited by a non-NASA spacecraft.
2867 Šteins
4.6 1969 Rosetta 2008 800 302 Flyby; first asteroid visited by the ESA.
21 Lutetia
120 × 100 × 75
(100 km)
1852 Rosetta 2010 3,162 64.9 Flyby on 10 July 2010; largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time.
4 Vesta 525.4 1807 Dawn 2011–2012 200
approx.
0.76 Space probe broke orbit on 5 September 2012 and headed to Ceres; first "big four" asteroid visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time.
4179 Toutatis
2.45 1934 Chang'e 2 2012 3.2 0.70 Flyby;[1] closest asteroid flyby, first asteroid visited by a Chinese probe.
1 Ceres
939.4 1801 Dawn 2015–2018 35 0.07 First "close up" picture of Ceres taken in December 2014; probe entered orbit in March 2015; first dwarf planet visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft.
134340 Pluto
2376.6 1930 New Horizons 2015 12,500 10.5 Flyby; first trans-Neptunian object visited, most distant object visited by a spacecraft (at the time of the visit).
162173 Ryugu
0.896 1999 Hayabusa2 2018-2019 landed landed Rendezvoused with asteroid from June 2018 to November 2019. Successful touchdowns to collect a sample in February and July 2019.[2] Three landers and an explosive impactor successfully deployed to the surface.[3] Returned dust samples to Earth in December 2020.[4]
101955 Bennu
0.490 1999 OSIRIS-REx 2018-2020 landed landed Arrived on 3 December 2018; entered lowest orbit on 12 June 2019; smallest object to be orbited by spacecraft and closest ever orbit;[5][6] touchdown on 20 October 2020 to collect sample.
486958 Arrokoth
36 × 18 × 10 2014 New Horizons 2019 3,500 380 Flew by Arrokoth (nicknamed Ultima Thule) on 1 January 2019, currently farthest object to be visited by a spacecraft.
65803 Didymos
0.78 1996 DART / LICIACube 2022 1.19 3.1 Asteroid of a near-Earth Apollo group; a flyby target; its moon being the kinetic impact target to test asteroid deflection[7][8]
Dimorphos
65803 Didymos I
0.16 2003 DART / LICIACube 2022 landed landed Moon of a near-Earth asteroid of the Apollo group; flyby target of one and kinetic impact target of another spacecraft to test asteroid deflection[7][8]
152830 Dinkinesh
0.79 1999 Lucy 2023 425 1,100 Flyby; discovered Selam; smallest main-belt asteroid to be visited by a spacecraft[9][10]
Notes:
a A minor planet's dimensions may be described by x, y, and z axes instead of an (average) diameter due to its non-spherical, irregular shape.
b Closest approach given in multiples of the minor planet's mean radius
 · List ordered in ascending order by a minor planet's first visit.

Incidental flybys

In addition to the above listed objects, three asteroids have been imaged by spacecraft at distances too large to resolve features (over 100,000 km).

Minor planet Space probe
Name Image Dimensions
(km)
(a)
Discovery
year
Name Closest approach Remarks
year in km in radii(b)
2685 Masursky
10.7 1981 Cassini–Huygens 2000 1,600,000 297,840 Distant incidental flyby.
132524 APL
2.5 2002 New Horizons 2006 101,867 81,493 Distant incidental flyby.
2012 PM35 0.9-2.5 2012 Dawn 2017 200,000 130,000 Distant incidental flyby; approached Ceres to 200,000 km in September 2017 while Dawn was in orbit.[11]

List of comets visited by spacecraft

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft
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Comet Space probe
Name Image Dimensions
(km)
(a)
Discovery
year
Name Closest approach Remarks
year in km in radii(b)
21P/Giacobini–Zinner
2 1900 ICE 1985 7,800 7,800 first flyby of a comet
1P/Halley
15×9 Known
since
1759

(Precovered to 240 BCE)
Vega 1 1986 8,889 1,620 flyby
Vega 2 1986 8,030 1,460 flyby
Suisei 1986 151,000 27,450 distant flyby
Sakigake 1986 6,990,000 1,270,747 distant flyby
Giotto 1986 596 108 flyby; first direct images of a comet nucleus
ICE 1986 31,000,000 5,647,000 distant flyby
26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
2.6 1902 Giotto 1992 200 154 flyby
19P/Borrelly
8×4×4 1904 Deep Space 1 2001 2,171 814 flyby; closest approach in September 2001 when probe entered the comet's coma[12]
81P/Wild
5.5×4.0×3.3 1978 Stardust 2004 240 113 flyby; first sample return mission from comet to Earth (2006)
9P/Tempel
7.6×4.9 1867 Deep Impact 2005 500 80 flyby; delivered an impactor
Deep Impact's impactor vehicle 2005 landed landed first landing on a comet (blasted a crater)
Stardust 2011 181 57.9 flyby; imaged the crater created by Deep Impact
103P/Hartley
1.4 1986 EPOXI
(Deep Impact)
2010 700 1,000 flyby; smallest comet visited
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
4.1×3.3×1.8 1969