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The following tables list all minor planets and comets that have been visited by robotic spacecraft.
List of minor planets visited by spacecraft
A total of 18 minor planets (asteroids, dwarf planets, and Kuiper belt objects) have been visited by space probes. Moons (not directly orbiting the Sun) and planets are not minor planets and thus are not included in the table below.
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Minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft as of 2019 (except Pluto, Ceres, and Vesta), to scale
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The comparative sizes of the first eight asteroids visited by spacecraft
Minor planet | Space probe | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Image | Dimensions (km)(a) |
Discovery year |
Name | Closest approach | Remarks | ||
year | in km | in radii(b) | ||||||
951 Gaspra | 18.2 × 10.5 × 8.9 (12.2 km) |
1916 | Galileo | 1991 | 1,600 | 262 | Flyby; first asteroid visited by a spacecraft. | |
243 Ida | 56 × 24 × 21 (28 km) |
1884 | Galileo | 1993 | 2,390 | 152 | Flyby; discovered Dactyl; first asteroid with a moon visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by spacecraft at the time. | |
253 Mathilde | 66 × 48 × 46 (58 km) |
1885 | NEAR Shoemaker | 1997 | 1,212 | 49.5 | Flyby; largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time. | |
433 Eros | 34 × 11 × 11 (17 km) |
1898 | NEAR Shoemaker | 1998–2001 | landed | landed | 1998 flyby; 2000 orbited (first asteroid studied from orbit); 2001 landing; first asteroid landing, first asteroid orbited by a spacecraft, first near-Earth asteroid (NEA) visited by a spacecraft. | |
9969 Braille | 2.2 × 0.6 (1.6 km) |
1992 | Deep Space 1 | 1999 | 26 | 12.7 | Flyby; followed by flyby of Comet Borrelly; failed to image it during closest approach, only taking images 14,000 km from the asteroid. | |
5535 Annefrank | 4.0 | 1942 | Stardust | 2002 | 3,079 | 1,230 | Flyby | |
25143 Itokawa | 0.5 × 0.3 × 0.2 (350 meters) |
1998 | Hayabusa | 2005 | landed | landed | Landed; returned dust samples to Earth in 2010 - first sample return mission from asteroid; smallest asteroid visited by a spacecraft, first asteroid visited by a non-NASA spacecraft. | |
2867 Šteins | 4.6 | 1969 | Rosetta | 2008 | 800 | 302 | Flyby; first asteroid visited by the ESA. | |
21 Lutetia | 120 × 100 × 75 (100 km) |
1852 | Rosetta | 2010 | 3,162 | 64.9 | Flyby on 10 July 2010; largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time. | |
4 Vesta | 525.4 | 1807 | Dawn | 2011–2012 | 200 approx.
|
0.76 | Space probe broke orbit on 5 September 2012 and headed to Ceres; first "big four" asteroid visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time. | |
4179 Toutatis | 2.45 | 1934 | Chang'e 2 | 2012 | 3.2 | 0.70 | Flyby;[1] closest asteroid flyby, first asteroid visited by a Chinese probe. | |
1 Ceres | 939.4 | 1801 | Dawn | 2015–2018 | 35 | 0.07 | First "close up" picture of Ceres taken in December 2014; probe entered orbit in March 2015; first dwarf planet visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft. | |
134340 Pluto | 2376.6 | 1930 | New Horizons | 2015 | 12,500 | 10.5 | Flyby; first trans-Neptunian object visited, most distant object visited by a spacecraft (at the time of the visit). | |
162173 Ryugu | 0.896 | 1999 | Hayabusa2 | 2018-2019 | landed | landed | Rendezvoused with asteroid from June 2018 to November 2019. Successful touchdowns to collect a sample in February and July 2019.[2] Three landers and an explosive impactor successfully deployed to the surface.[3] Returned dust samples to Earth in December 2020.[4] | |
101955 Bennu | 0.490 | 1999 | OSIRIS-REx | 2018-2020 | landed | landed | Arrived on 3 December 2018; entered lowest orbit on 12 June 2019; smallest object to be orbited by spacecraft and closest ever orbit;[5][6] touchdown on 20 October 2020 to collect sample. | |
486958 Arrokoth | 36 × 18 × 10 | 2014 | New Horizons | 2019 | 3,500 | 380 | Flew by Arrokoth (nicknamed Ultima Thule) on 1 January 2019, currently farthest object to be visited by a spacecraft. | |
65803 Didymos | 0.78 | 1996 | DART / LICIACube | 2022 | 1.19 | 3.1 | Asteroid of a near-Earth Apollo group; a flyby target; its moon being the kinetic impact target to test asteroid deflection[7][8] | |
Dimorphos 65803 Didymos I |
0.16 | 2003 | DART / LICIACube | 2022 | landed | landed | Moon of a near-Earth asteroid of the Apollo group; flyby target of one and kinetic impact target of another spacecraft to test asteroid deflection[7][8] | |
152830 Dinkinesh | 0.79 | 1999 | Lucy | 2023 | 425 | 1,100 | Flyby; discovered Selam; smallest main-belt asteroid to be visited by a spacecraft[9][10] | |
Notes:
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Incidental flybys
In addition to the above listed objects, three asteroids have been imaged by spacecraft at distances too large to resolve features (over 100,000 km).
Minor planet | Space probe | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Image | Dimensions (km)(a) |
Discovery year |
Name | Closest approach | Remarks | ||
year | in km | in radii(b) | ||||||
2685 Masursky | 10.7 | 1981 | Cassini–Huygens | 2000 | 1,600,000 | 297,840 | Distant incidental flyby. | |
132524 APL | 2.5 | 2002 | New Horizons | 2006 | 101,867 | 81,493 | Distant incidental flyby. | |
2012 PM35 | 0.9-2.5 | 2012 | Dawn | 2017 | 200,000 | 130,000 | Distant incidental flyby; approached Ceres to 200,000 km in September 2017 while Dawn was in orbit.[11] |
List of comets visited by spacecraft
Comet | Space probe | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Image | Dimensions (km)(a) |
Discovery year |
Name | Closest approach | Remarks | ||
year | in km | in radii(b) | ||||||
21P/Giacobini–Zinner | 2 | 1900 | ICE | 1985 | 7,800 | 7,800 | first flyby of a comet | |
1P/Halley | 15×9 | Known since 1759 (Precovered to 240 BCE) |
Vega 1 | 1986 | 8,889 | 1,620 | flyby | |
Vega 2 | 1986 | 8,030 | 1,460 | flyby | ||||
Suisei | 1986 | 151,000 | 27,450 | distant flyby | ||||
Sakigake | 1986 | 6,990,000 | 1,270,747 | distant flyby | ||||
Giotto | 1986 | 596 | 108 | flyby; first direct images of a comet nucleus | ||||
ICE | 1986 | 31,000,000 | 5,647,000 | distant flyby | ||||
26P/Grigg–Skjellerup | 2.6 | 1902 | Giotto | 1992 | 200 | 154 | flyby | |
19P/Borrelly | 8×4×4 | 1904 | Deep Space 1 | 2001 | 2,171 | 814 | flyby; closest approach in September 2001 when probe entered the comet's coma[12] | |
81P/Wild | 5.5×4.0×3.3 | 1978 | Stardust | 2004 | 240 | 113 | flyby; first sample return mission from comet to Earth (2006) | |
9P/Tempel | 7.6×4.9 | 1867 | Deep Impact | 2005 | 500 | 80 | flyby; delivered an impactor | |
Deep Impact's impactor vehicle | 2005 | landed | landed | first landing on a comet (blasted a crater) | ||||
Stardust | 2011 | 181 | 57.9 | flyby; imaged the crater created by Deep Impact | ||||
103P/Hartley | 1.4 | 1986 | EPOXI (Deep Impact) |
2010 | 700 | 1,000 | flyby; smallest comet visited | |
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | 4.1×3.3×1.8 | 1969 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft