An asana is a body posture, used in both medieval hatha yoga and modern yoga.^[1] The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'seat'. While many of the oldest mentioned asanas are indeed seated postures for meditation, asanas may be standing, seated, arm-balances, twists, inversions, forward bends, backbends, or reclining in prone or supine positions. The asanas have been given a variety of English names by competing schools of yoga.^[2]

The traditional number of asanas is the symbolic 84, but different texts identify different selections, sometimes listing their names without describing them.^[3][a] Some names have been given to different asanas over the centuries, and some asanas have been known by a variety of names, making tracing and the assignment of dates difficult.^[5] For example, the name Muktasana is now given to a variant of Siddhasana with one foot in front of the other, but has also been used for Siddhasana and other cross-legged meditation poses.^[6] As another example, the headstand is now known by the 20th century name Shirshasana, but an older name for the pose is Kapalasana.^[3][7] Sometimes, the names have the same meaning, as with Bidalasana and Marjariasana, both meaning Cat Pose.^[8][9]

Affixes

Variations on the basic asanas are indicated by Sanskrit affixes including the following:

Asanas

A single asana is listed for each main pose, whether or not there are variations. Thus for Sirsasana (Yoga headstand), only one pose is illustrated, although the pose can be varied by moving the legs apart sideways or front-and-back, by lowering one leg to the floor, by folding the legs into lotus posture, by turning the hips to one side, by placing the hands differently on the ground, and so on. Iyengar's 1966 Light on Yoga lists 15 variations on the basic headstand, including for instance the combined variation Parivrttaikapada Sirsasana in which not only are the hips revolved but the legs are apart front-and-back.^[10] Since then, variations of many other poses have been created; their names are not listed here.^[11] Yin Yoga names are for the equivalent Yin variants; these are usually somewhat different from the conventional (Yang) poses.

Indian texts are "notoriously difficult to date".^[12] The table shows the approximate date and abbreviated title of the earliest document or authority to describe that asana (not only naming it), as follows:

Asana	Sanskrit	English	Type	Effect on spine	Suitable for meditation	Described[c]	Yin Yoga variant[13][d]	Image
Adho Mukha Shvanasana[14]	अधोमुखश्वानासन	Downward-Facing Dog	Standing	Forward bend		20th C. TK[15] 18th C. HAP (in dynamic pose "Gajāsana")[16]
Adho Mukha Vrikshasana[17]	अधोमुखवृक्षासन	Downward-Facing Tree, Yoga Handstand	Balancing			18th C. HAP[18]
Akarna Dhanurasana[19]	आकर्णधनुरासन	Shooting bow, Archer, Bow and arrow	Sitting			19th C. ST[20] (as Dhanurāsana)
Anantasana[21]	अनन्तासन	Ananta's pose, Vishnu's Couch pose	Reclining			20th C. LoY[22]
Anjaneyasana[23]	अञ्जनेयासन	Crescent Moon[24]	Standing	Backbend		20th C.[24]	Dragon
Ardha Chandrasana[25]	अर्धचन्द्रासन	Half moon	Standing			20th C. LoY[26]
Ashtanga Namaskara[15]	अष्टाङ्ग नमस्कार	Eight-Limbed Salutation Caterpillar	Reclining			20th C. TK[15]
Astavakrasana[27]	अष्टावक्रासन	Aṣṭāvakra's pose, Eight-angled	Balancing			20th C. LoY[28]
Baddha Konasana[29] Bhadrasana[30]	बद्धकोणासन	Bound angle, Cobbler's pose	Sitting		Meditation[30]	15th C. HYP[30] 17th C. GhS[30]	Butterfly
Bakasana[31] Kakasana[32]	बकासन, ककासन	Crane (arms straight) Crow (arms bent)	Balancing			17th C. HR[33]
Balasana[34]	बालासन	Child	Sitting			20th C. TK[35] 19th C. ST Ananda Balasana (as Kandukasana)[36]	Child's
Bhairavasana Ankushasana[37]	भैरवासन अण्कुशासन	Formidable	Reclining			19th C. ST[37]
Bharadvajasana[38]	भरद्वाजासन	Bharadvaja's twist	Sitting	Twist		20th C. LoY[39]	Seated Twist
Bhekasana[40]	भेकासन	Frog	Reclining	Backbend		20th C. LoY[41]
Bhujangasana[42]	भुजंगासन	Cobra	Reclining	Backbend		17th C. GhS 2.42[43][44]	Seal, Sphinx
Bhujapidasana[45]	भुजपीडासन	Arm-pressing posture	Balancing			20th C. LoY[46]	Snail
Bidalasana[8] Marjariasana[9]	बिडालासन मार्जरीआसन	Cat	Kneeling	Backbend		20th C. T.K.V. Desikachar, Satyananda Saraswati[9]
Chaturanga Dandasana[47]	चतुरङ्गदण्डासन	Four-Limbed Staff Low Plank	Reclining			20th C. TK[48]
Dandasana[49]	दण्डासन	Staff	Sitting			8th C. PSV[50]
Dhanurasana[51]	धनुरासन	Bow	Reclining	Backbend		15th C. HYP 1.27
Durvasasana[52]	दुर्वासासन	Durvasa's Pose	Standing, Balancing			19th C. ST (as 'Trivikramasana')[53]
Garbha Pindasana[54]	गर्भासन	Embryo in Womb	Sitting			17th C. BaH[55]
Garudasana[56]	गरुडासन	Eagle	Standing, Balancing			19th C. ST[57][e]
Gomukhasana[58]	गोमुखासन	Cow-faced	Sitting		Meditation[59]	4th C. DU 3.3–4[60][61] 7th C. AS[61] 10th C. V[62] 15th C. HYP 1.20 17th C. HR 3[63][64][61]	Shoelace
Gorakshasana	गोरक्षासन	Cowherd Gorakhnath's pose	Sitting		Meditation	14th C. ShS 3.108-112 15th C. HYP 1.28-29 17th C. GhS 2.24-25
Halasana[65]	हलासन	Plough	Inversion	Forward bend		19th C. ST[66] (as Lāṇgalāsana, plough) 20th C. TB[67]
Hanumanasana[68]	हनुमनासन	Hanuman's Pose	Sitting			20th C. TK[69]
Janusirsasana[70]	जानुशीर्षासन	Head-to-Knee	Sitting	Forward Bend		20th C. TK[71][72]
Jathara Parivartanasana[73]	ञटर परिवर्तनासन	Belly twist	Reclining	Twist		20th C. LoY[73]
Kapotasana[74]	कपोतासन	Pigeon	Kneeling	Backbend		20th C. LoY[75]
Karnapidasana[76]	कर्णपीडासन	Ear-pressing	Inversion	Forward bend		20th C. TB[77] (as variant of Halasana); LoY[78]
Kaundinyasana[79]	कौण्डिन्यसन	Kaundinya's pose	Balancing			20th C. LoY[80]
Kraunchasana[81]	क्रौञ्चासन	Heron	Sitting			17th C. HR[33]
Kukkutasana[54]	कुक्कुटासन Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_asanas Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.  Navigácia: Veda > Analytika Antropológia Aplikované vedy Bibliometria Dejiny vedy Encyklopédie Filozofia vedy Forenzné vedy Humanitné vedy Knižničná veda Kryogenika Kryptológia Kulturológia Literárna veda Medzidisciplinárne oblasti Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy Metavedy Metodika Metodológia vedy Náboženstvo a veda Náučná literatúra Podvody vo vede Popularizácia vedy Potravinárstvo Prírodné vedy Pseudoveda Scientometria Spoločenské vedy Teórie Teatrológia Technické vedy Technika Terminológia Umenie Výskum Veda Veda a technika podľa štátu Veda a technika podľa kontinentu Veda a technika podľa roka Veda v kozme Vedci Vedecká literatúra Vedecké databázy Vedecké experimenty Vedecké konferencie Vedecké metódy Vedecké ocenenia Vedecké organizácie Vedecké parky Vedeckí spisovatelia Vzdelávanie Záhady Príbuzné výrazy: Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk