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This is a list of National Historic Landmarks and comparable other historic sites designated by the U.S. government in the U.S. state of New York. The United States National Historic Landmark (NHL) program operates under the auspices of the National Park Service, and recognizes buildings, structures, objects, sites and districts of resources according to a list of criteria of national significance.[1] There are 276 NHLs in New York state, which is more than 10 percent of all the NHLs nationwide, and the most of any state.[2] The National Park Service also has listed 20 National Monuments, National Historic Sites, National Memorials, and other sites as being historic landmarks of national importance,[3] of which 7 are also designated NHLs. All of these historic landmarks are covered in this list.
There are 139 NHLs in upstate New York, 13 on Long Island, and 116 within New York City (NYC). Three counties have ten or more NHLs: New York County (Manhattan) has 86; Westchester County, just north of NYC, has 18; and Erie County in western New York has 10. Twelve other counties have five to nine NHLs, eight have three or four, 27 counties have one or two, and the remaining twelve of the state's 62 counties have none. The first New York NHLs were eight designated on October 9, 1960; the latest was designated on January 13, 2021. The NHLs and other landmarks outside NYC are listed below; the NHLs in NYC are in this companion article.
Seven NHL sites are among the 20 National Park System historic areas in New York state.[4] The other 13 National Park Service areas are also historic landmark sites of national importance, but are already protected by Federal ownership and administration, so NHL designation is unnecessary. A list of these National Park Service areas that conserve historic sites in New York State is also provided. Finally, three former NHLs in the state are also listed.
Overview
New York State NHLs include ten prehistoric or other archeological sites,[nb 1] 12 historical Dutch farmhouses, manors, and historic districts,[nb 2] and 21 architecturally and/or historically important churches or houses of worship.[nb 3] Fully 26 NHLs are primarily military, including 13 fort sites (five standing forts, three fortified houses, and five ruins),[nb 4] five other battlegrounds,[nb 5] seven military headquarters, training facilities, arsenals and armories,[nb 6] and one military shipwreck site.[nb 7] One of these NHLs is associated with the American Civil War,[nb 8] while all the rest of these forts and other military places are associated with the French and Indian War and/or the American Revolutionary War.
There are nine NHL ships, including a warship and a tugboat that served in World War II, one warship that saw combat in the Vietnam War, three sailing boats, two fireboats and a lightvessel.[nb 9] Salient in the list are 24 mansions,[nb 10] and four sites primarily significant for their architectural landscaping.[nb 11] Many properties, numbering in the thousands, are contributing or non-contributing structures in the state's nine National Historic Landmark Districts.[nb 12] Intellectual accomplishments of New Yorkers are associated with 22 sites, including nine university buildings,[nb 13] ten other NHLs associated with inventions, inventors or scientists,[nb 14] and four engineering landmarks, including two bridges that were once the longest of their types.[nb 15] Commercial accomplishments include 11 historic skyscrapers, five of which were once the tallest in the world,[nb 16] seven stock exchanges and other buildings important in commercial history,[nb 17] two bank buildings,[nb 18] five industrial facilities,[nb 19] and three water-based civil engineering works.[nb 20] Two are architectural oddities.[nb 21]
Political and social accomplishments are represented by four former mental care institutions (a legacy of the state's leading role in mental health care),[nb 22] 14 sites associated with suffragettes or other women leaders,[nb 23] five Underground Railroad or other sites associated with abolitionists,[nb 24] six sites associated with African-American leaders,[nb 25] three sites associated with labor rights,[nb 26] and four sites associated with other social activism.[nb 27] In addition, there are 21 homes of other national leaders,[nb 28] and six government buildings that are significant on a national scale.[nb 29] Community, arts and entertainment accomplishments represented include two utopian communes,[nb 30] the Adirondack Park and four of its Great Camps,[nb 31] and five other retreat sites.[nb 32] No fewer than nine artist homes or studios are landmarked,[nb 33] as well as nine homes of writers and composers.[nb 34] There are four club buildings, of which two are historical societies,[nb 35] and eight entertainment venues or sites associated with entertainers.[nb 36] Sixteen others are unique sites that are difficult to classify.[nb 37]
Notable architects whose work is represented in the NHLs of the state include: Alexander Jackson Davis (7 sites),[nb 38] Andrew Jackson Downing (2),[nb 39] William West Durant (2),[nb 40] Leopold Eidlitz (2),[nb 41] Cass Gilbert (2),[nb 42] Henry J. Hardenbergh (2),[nb 43] Raymond Hood (3),[nb 44] Philip Hooker (2),[nb 45] Minard Lafever (7),[nb 46] John McComb Jr. (3),[nb 47] Frederick Law Olmsted (3),[nb 48] Isaac G. Perry (2),[nb 49] George B. Post (3),[nb 50] James Renwick Jr. (4),[nb 51] Henry Hobson Richardson (2),[nb 52] Louis Sullivan (2),[nb 53] Richard Upjohn (6),[nb 54] Calvert Vaux (6),[nb 55] and Frederick Clarke Withers (2).[nb 56] The firm McKim, Mead, and White participated in design of at least six buildings later declared to be NHLs.[nb 57] It was also that firm's work, Pennsylvania Station, whose pending demolition in 1963 launched a historic preservation movement in New York City and led to creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1965.[5]
Current National Historic Landmarks in Upstate and Long Island
The State of New York, exclusive of NYC, is home to 155 of these landmarks, which are tabulated here. Twenty-three of these are also State Historic Sites (SHS), and fourteen are National Park System areas; these designations are indicated in italics.
- Key
| National Historic Landmark | |
| † | National Historic Landmark District |
| ∞ | National Memorial |
| * | National Historic Site |
| National Monument | |
| National Historical Park | |
| Delisted landmark |
| [6] | Landmark name | Image | Date designated[7] | Location | County | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Adams Power Plant Transformer House |  |
May 4, 1983 (#75001212) |
Niagara Falls 43°04′54″N 79°02′34″W / 43.081764°N 79.042836°W | Niagara | Transformer house of the first large-scale, alternating current electric generating plant in the world; tapped power of Niagara Falls via a 7,500 foot (2,286 m) tail-race tunnel |
| 2 | Adirondack Forest Preserve |  |
May 23, 1963 (#66000891) |
Northeastern Upstate New York 43°47′13″N 74°29′06″W / 43.786958°N 74.485016°W | All of Essex and Hamilton and parts of Clinton, Franklin, Fulton, Herkimer, Lewis, Oneida, St. Lawrence, Saratoga, Warren, and Washington | Largest publicly protected area in the lower 48 United States; largest National Historic Landmark; largest and one of earliest areas protected by any state; established in 1885; later protected in "forever wild" section of New York state constitution |
| 3 | Susan B. Anthony House |  |
May 23, 1965 (#66000528) |
Rochester 43°09′12″N 77°37′33″W / 43.153336°N 77.625747°W | Monroe | Home of Susan B. Anthony, prominent 19th century women's rights activist |
| 4 | Armour-Stiner House |  |
December 8, 1976 (#75001238) |
Irvington 41°01′51″N 73°52′13″W / 41.030803°N 73.870415°W | Westchester | Octagonal implementation of architectural ideas of Orson Squire Fowler |
| 5 | Bennington Battlefield |  |
January 20, 1961 (#66000564) |
Walloomsac 42°56′19″N 73°18′16″W / 42.938658°N 73.304418°W | Rensselaer | Site of Battle of Bennington, where the American defeat of a British foraging party of dragoons helped assure the Continental Army's pivotal victory at Saratoga |
| 6 | Boston Post Road Historic District |  |
August 30, 1993 (#82001275) |
Rye 40°57′31″N 73°42′07″W / 40.958487°N 73.701922°W | Westchester | Three mansions and associated grounds with pre-contact archaeological significance; 5 contributing properties include the 23-acre Jay Estate, childhood home of Founding Father John Jay, Lounsberry, Rye Golf Club home of Whitby Castle, the private Jay Cemetery, final resting place of John Jay and his descendants, and Marshlands Conservancy, a nature preserve running from Boston Post Road down to the Long Island Sound, an area essentially unchanged for 200 years |
| 7 | Boughton Hill (Gannagaro) |  |
July 19, 1964 (#66000559) |
Victor 42°57′40″N 77°24′46″W / 42.961157°N 77.412736°W | Ontario | The site of a 17th-century Seneca village known as the Town of Peace and birthplace of the Iroquois Confederacy |
| 8 | Bronck House |  |
December 24, 1967 (#67000012) |
Coxsackie 42°20′31″N 73°50′55″W / 42.342052°N 73.848724°W | Greene | Oldest structure in upstate New York; excellent example of Dutch colonial architecture |
| 9 | Dr. Oliver Bronson House and Estate |  |
July 31, 2003 (#03001035) |
Hudson 42°14′35″N 73°47′09″W / 42.243119°N 73.785764°W | Columbia | Early example of the Hudson River bracketed style of Alexander Jackson Davis |
| 10 | John Brown Farm and Gravesite |  |
August 5, 1998 (#72000840) |
Lake Placid 44°15′20″N 73°58′15″W / 44.255574°N 73.970969°W | Essex | Home and final resting place of famous abolitionist John Brown, executed for his raid on Harper's Ferry Armory before the Civil War |
| 11 | Buffalo and Erie County Historic Society Building |  |
February 27, 1987 (#80002606) |
Buffalo 42°56′08″N 78°52′36″W / 42.935556°N 78.876667°W | Erie | Parthenon-evoking legacy of the 1901 Pan-American Exposition; turned over to historical society afterwards |
| 12 | Buffalo State Hospital |  |
June 24, 1986 (#86003557) |
Buffalo 42°55′46″N 78°52′56″W / 42.929382°N 78.882147°W | Erie | Architect H. H. Richardson's largest commission; advent of his characteristic Richardsonian Romanesque style; used to care for the mentally ill; grounds designed by Frederick Law Olmsted |
| 13 | John Burroughs' Riverby Study |  |
October 18, 1968 (#68000035) |
West Park 41°48′00″N 73°57′32″W / 41.8°N 73.958889°W | Ulster | Small frame structure built in 1881 by naturalist John Burroughs as a writing retreat; in this study, that looks east over the Hudson River, Burroughs wrote Fresh Fields (1884), Signs and Seasons (1886), Indoor Studies (1889), and Riverby (1894)[8] |
| 14 | Camp Pine Knot |  |
August 18, 2004 (#86002934) |
Raquette Lake 43°49′17″N 74°37′34″W / 43.821325°N 74.626197°W | Hamilton | First of the Adirondack Great Camps; designed and built by William West Durant |
| 15 | Camp Uncas |  |
October 6, 2008 (#86002937) |
Raquette Lake 43°44′38″N 74°38′53″W / 43.743889°N 74.648056°W | Hamilton | Second of the Adirondack Great Camps; designed and built by William West Durant |
| 16 | Canfield Casino and Congress Park |  |
February 27, 1987 (#87000904) |
Saratoga Springs 43°04′45″N 73°46′58″W / 43.079076°N 73.782855°W | Saratoga | Former resort and casino; now houses the Saratoga Springs History Museum |
| 17 | Chautauqua Historic District |  |
June 29, 1989 (#73001168) |
Chautauqua 42°12′35″N 79°28′01″W / 42.209722°N 79.466944°W | Chautauqua | Adult education and summer retreat; focuses on programs related to arts, education, religion and recreation; well-preserved 19th century architecture |
| 18 | Christeen (sloop) |  |
December 4, 1991 (#91002060) |
Oyster Bay 40°52′40″N 73°32′23″W / 40.87774°N 73.539702°W | Nassau | Oldest oyster sloop in the U.S. |
| 19 | Frederick E. Church House |  |
June 22, 1965 (#66000509) |
Hudson 42°13′03″N 73°49′07″W / 42.2175°N 73.818611°W | Columbia | Calvert Vaux-designed home of Hudson River School painter Frederic Edwin Church; also known as Olana |
| 20 | Clermont |  |
November 28, 1972 (#71000535) |
Clermont 42°05′09″N 73°55′09″W / 42.085922°N 73.919073°W | Columbia | Ancestral home of the Livingston family, prominent in colonial and early New York; known also as Clermont Manor |
| 21 | Cobblestone Historic District |  |
April 19, 1993 (#93001603) |
Gaines 43°17′16″N 78°10′54″W / 43.287827°N 78.181543°W | Orleans | Three buildings: a First Universalist Church, the Ward House, and schoolhouse exemplifying 19th-century U.S. cobblestone architecture at its highest |
| 22 | Thomas Cole House |  |
June 23, 1965 (#66000522) |
Catskill 42°13′35″N 73°51′43″W / 42.226372°N 73.862007°W | Greene | Home and studio of painter Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River School of American painting |
| 23 | Colonial Niagara Historic District |  |
October 9, 1960 (#66000556) |
Youngstown 43°15′42″N 79°03′49″W / 43.261667°N 79.063611°W | Niagara | Originally built by British during French and Indian War; served as US post in War of 1812 until retaken by British; ceded back at war's end |
| 24 | Columbia (Steamer) |  |
July 6, 1992 (#79001171) |
Buffalo 42°51′39″N 78°51′44″W / 42.860878°N 78.862312°W | Erie | This passenger steamship carried passengers to Bois Blanc Island for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company, and is one of the last remaining examples of her kind. Designed by Frank E. Kirby, noted naval architect.[9] In September 2015, it was moved to Buffalo, New York,[10] where it is being prepared for an eventual move to the Hudson River.[11] |
| 25 | Roscoe Conkling House |  |
May 15, 1975 (#75001214) |
Utica 43°05′46″N 75°13′47″W / 43.096108°N 75.229728°W | Oneida | Home of Roscoe Conkling, divisive U.S. senator in years after Civil War; leader of Stalwart faction of Republican Party; contributor to atmosphere that led to the assassination of James Garfield |
| 26 | Aaron Copland House |  |
October 6, 2008 (#03000245) |
Cortlandt Manor 41°14′24″N 73°54′09″W / 41.24°N 73.9025°W | Westchester | Home of composer Aaron Copland for last 30 years of his life |
| 27 | Croton Aqueduct (Old) |  |
April 27, 1992 (#74001324) |
Croton River to Manhattan 41°13′35″N 73°51′19″W / 41.226389°N 73.855278°W | Westchester | Large and complex water supply system for New York City; constructed between 1837 and 1842 |
| 28 | Davis-Ferris Organ |  |
December 23, 2016 (#100000864) |
Round Lake 42°56′12″N 73°47′38″W / 42.936739°N 73.793834°W | Saratoga | Oldest three-manual organ in the nation. |
| 29 | De Wint House |  |
May 23, 1966 (#66000568) |
Tappan 41°01′11″N 73°56′48″W / 41.019722°N 73.946667°W | Rockland | Oldest building in Rockland County; outstanding example of Dutch colonial architecture; used by George Washington as headquarters during final negotiations for British withdrawal from New York City |
| 30 | Delaware and Hudson Canal |  |
October 18, 1968 (#68000051) |
Kingston, NY, Rosendale, NY, Ellenville, NY, Port Jervis, NY, Lackawaxen, PA and Honesdale, PA 41°36′26″N 74°26′53″W / 41.607222°N 74.448056°W | Orange, NY, Sullivan, NY, Ulster, NY, Pike, PA and Wayne, PA | Vital coal supply line for New York City in 19th century; shared with Pennsylvania |
| 31 | John William Draper House |  |
May 15, 1975 (#75001237) |
Hastings-on-Hudson 40°59′24″N 73°52′48″W / 40.9901°N 73.8801°W | Westchester | Building mistakenly thought to be the home of scientist John William Draper; it was actually the home of his son, the astrophotography pioneer Henry Draper, the first person to photograph the Moon with recognizable surface features. |
| 32 | Dutch Reformed Church |  |
November 5, 1961 (#66000581) |
Sleepy Hollow 41°05′25″N 73°51′43″W / 41.090408°N 73.861918°W | Westchester | Oldest church building in state dates to 1685; figures prominently in Washington Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" |
| 33 | Dutch Reformed Church, Newburgh |  |
August 7, 2001 (#70000425) |
Newburgh 41°30′16″N 74°00′32″W / 41.504453°N 74.008983°W | Orange | Church designed by Alexander Jackson Davis in 1835 in the Greek Revival style |
| 34 | Eagle Island Camp |  |
August 18, 2004 (#86002941) |
Saranac Inn 44°16′28″N 74°19′57″W / 44.2744°N 74.3325°W | Franklin | One of the original Adirondack Great Camps, on Upper Saranac Lake; used as a Girl Scout camp today |
| 35 | Gardner Earl Memorial Chapel and Crematorium |  |
March 2, 2012 (#04000091) |
Troy 42°45′20″N 73°40′17″W / 42.755586°N 73.671367°W | Rensselaer | Late 1880s Richardsonian Romanesque structure influenced design of many later memorial chapels. |
| 36 | George Eastman's house |  |
November 13, 1966 (#66000529) |
Rochester 43°09′08″N 77°34′49″W / 43.152147°N 77.580278°W | Monroe | The home of George Eastman, founder of Kodak, now an internationally known photography museum |
| 37 | Edward M. Cotter |  |
June 28, 1996 (#96000968) |
Buffalo 42°52′20″N 78°52′22″W / 42.872143°N 78.872824°W | Erie | In use for 107 years; oldest active fireboat in the world |
| 38 | Elephant Hotel |  |
April 5, 2005 (#05000462) |
Somers 41°19′37″N 73°41′13″W / 41.326944°N 73.686944°W | Westchester | "Cradle of the American circus" when it was used as headquarters by Hachaliah Bailey in the 1830s; today serves as both a museum and Somers Town Hall |
| 39 | Erie Canal |  |
October 9, 1960 (#66000530) |
Glen and Florida 42°56′23″N 74°17′11″W / 42.939625°N 74.286283°W | Montgomery | Aqueduct for Erie Canal over Schoharie Creek |
| 40 | Millard Fillmore House |  |
May 30, 1974 (#74001235) |
East Aurora 42°46′06″N 78°37′21″W / 42.768297°N 78.622506°W | Erie | Only surviving home of 13th U.S. President Millard Fillmore, besides the White House |
| 41 | Fire Fighter (fireboat) |  |
June 30, 1989 (#89001447) |
Greenport 41°05′59″N 72°21′41″W / 41.099799°N 72.361414°W | Suffolk | Originally listed in New York City, since moved to Greenport |
| 42 | First Presbyterian Church (Old Whalers) |  |
April 19, 1994 (#94001194) |
Sag Harbor 40°59′50″N 72°17′39″W / 40.997228°N 72.294072°W | Suffolk | Egyptian Revival style church |
| 43 | First Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Kingston |  |
October 6, 2008 (#08001089) |
Kingston 41°55′58″N 74°01′08″W / 41.932778°N 74.018889°W | Ulster | 1850 "Old Dutch Church" is third home to congregation established in 1659. Nearby graves include George Clinton. One of the few Minard Lefever churches whose original steeple has survived. His only intact Renaissance Revival church, and his only known one in stone. |
| 44 | Gen. William Floyd House |  |
June 17, 1971 (#71000549) |
Westernville 43°18′22″N 75°23′02″W / 43.306103°N 75.383897°W | Oneida | Upstate home of William Floyd, a signer of the Declaration of Independence |
| 45 | Fort Corchaug Archeological Site |  |
January 20, 1999 (#74001308) |
Southold 41°00′10″N 72°29′55″W / 41.002683°N 72.498744°W | Suffolk | Site of a Native American fort |
| 46 | Fort Crailo |  |
November 5, 1961 (#66000563) |
Rensselaer 42°38′08″N 73°44′59″W / 42.635478°N 73.749625°W | Rensselaer | Dutch colonial patroonship house; may be place where "Yankee Doodle" was written |
| 47 | Fort Crown Point |  |
October 18, 1968 (#68000033) |
Crown Point 44°01′45″N 73°25′52″W / 44.029167°N 73.431111°W | Essex | Built by British to secure Lake Champlain against French in mid-18th century |
| 48 | Fort Johnson |  |
November 28, 1972 (#72000858) |
Fort Johnson 42°57′26″N 74°14′30″W / 42.957222°N 74.241667°W | Montgomery | Home of Sir William Johnson, and later his son Sir John Johnson. |
| 49 | Fort Klock |  |
November 28, 1972 (#72000859) |
St. Johnsville 42°59′06″N 74°39′01″W / 42.984997°N 74.650278°W | Montgomery | Mid-18th century fortified stone homestead in the Mohawk River Valley |
| 50 | Fort Massapeag Archeological Site
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