Princely abbeys (German: Fürstabtei, Fürststift) and Imperial abbeys (German: Reichsabtei, Reichskloster, Reichsstift, Reichsgotthaus) were religious establishments within the Holy Roman Empire which enjoyed the status of imperial immediacy (Reichsunmittelbarkeit) and therefore were answerable directly to the Emperor. The possession of imperial immediacy came with a unique form of territorial authority known as Landeshoheit, which carried with it nearly all the attributes of sovereignty.^[2]

Princely abbeys and imperial abbeys

The distinction between a princely abbey and an imperial abbey was related to the status of the abbot: while both prince-abbots and the more numerous imperial abbots sat on the ecclesiastical bench of the College of ruling princes of the Imperial Diet, prince-abbots cast an individual vote while imperial abbots cast only a curial (collective) vote alongside his or her fellow imperial abbots and abbesses. Eight princely abbeys (including similar status priories) and roughly 40 imperial abbeys survived up to the mass secularisation of 1802–03 when they were all secularized.

The head of an Imperial abbey was generally an Imperial abbot (Reichsabt) or Imperial abbess (Reichsäbtissin). (The head of a Reichspropstei—an Imperial provostry or priory—was generally a Reichspropst). Collectively, Imperial abbots, provosts and priors were formally known as Reichsprälaten (Imperial Prelates). A small number of the larger and most prestigious establishments had the rank of princely abbeys (Fürstsabtei), and were headed by a prince-abbot or a prince-provost (Fürstabt, Fürstpropst), with status comparable to that of Prince-Bishops. Most however were imperial prelates and as such participated in a single collective vote in the Imperial Diet as members of the Bench of Prelates, later (1575) divided into the Swabian College of Imperial Prelates and the Rhenish College of Imperial Prelates. Despite their difference of status within the Imperial Diet, both the Imperial Prelates and the Prince-Abbots exercised the same degree of authority over their principality.

Some abbeys, particularly in Switzerland, gained the status of princely abbeys (Fürstsabtei) during the Middle Ages or later but they either didn't have a territory over which they ruled or they lost that territory after a short while. This was the case with Kreuzlingen, Allerheiligen, Einsiedeln, Muri and Saint-Maurice abbeys.^[3] One major exception was the large and powerful Abbey of St. Gall which remained independent up to its dissolution during the Napoleonic period, despite the fact that, as a Swiss abbey, it had stopped taking part in the Imperial Diet and other institutions of the Holy Roman Empire once the independence of the Swiss Confederacy was recognized in 1648.^[4] Elsewhere, the Prince-Abbot of St. Blaise's Abbey in the Black Forest held that title, not on account of the status of the abbey, which was not immediate, but because it was conferred on him by the abbey's ownership of the immediate County of Bonndorf (later annexed to the Principality of Heitersheim of the Knights of Malta).

Lists of Imperial abbeys

List of Imperial abbeys with seat and voice at the Imperial Diet of 1792

The following list includes the Imperial abbeys which had seat and voice at the Imperial Diet of 1792. They, along with the two Teutonic Order commanderies whose commanders ranked as prelates, are listed according to their voting order on the two Benches of Prelates of the Diet.^[5] Not shown are the abbeys of Stablo, Kempten and Corvey, whose abbots had princely status and sat on the Ecclesiastical Bench of the College of Ruling Princes. For additional information on individual abbeys, see: List A: Imperial abbeys named in the Matrikel below this list.

Bench of Swabian Prelates

Bench of Rhineland Prelates

List A: Imperial abbeys named in the Matrikel

The religious houses listed here as List A are those named in the Matrikel, or lists of those eligible to vote in the Imperial Diet, including those whose votes were collective rather than individual. Three of these lists survive and are accessible, from 1521, 1755 (or thereabouts) and 1792.

This list includes the Principalities, Imperial abbeys (Reichsabteien and -klöster), Imperial colleges (Reichsstifte), Imperial provostries or priories (Reichspropsteien) and the single Imperial charterhouse (Reichskartause).

The word "Stift", meaning a collegiate foundation or canonry, possibly belonging to a variety of different orders or to none at all, and either with or without rules and vows, for either men ("Herrenstift") or for women (Frauenstift), has been left untranslated, except when it specifically refers to the chapter of a church.

Some of the imperial abbeys were dissolved during the Reformation; others were absorbed into other territories at various times in the general course of political life. Those in Alsace and Switzerland passed out of the Empire in 1648, when Alsace was ceded to France and Switzerland became independent. The great majority of these religious bodies however were secularized during the brief period that included the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and their aftermath, especially as a result of the German mediatization (Reichsdeputationshauptschluss) of February 1803. Any that survived lost their Imperial status when the Holy Roman Empire was wound up in 1806.

Abbreviations

• Description and Imperial status column:
  • RA stands for Reichsabtei (Imperial abbey)
  • RF stands for "Reichsfürstentum" (Imperial Principality)
  • RP stands for "Reichspropstei" (Imperial provostry)
• Lost imm. column:
  • imm. Imperial immediacy
  • Sec. secularised
  • Med. mediatised
  • Switz. Switzerland
  • Hel. Helvetic Republic
• College column:
  • RC stands for "Rhenish College"
  • SC stands for "Swabian College"
  • RF stands for "Reichsfürst", i.e., the head of the house in question had an individual seat and voice in the Imperial Diet; there were ten of these (Fulda, Kempten, Ellwangen, Murbach-Lüders, Berchtesgaden, Weissenburg, Prüm, Stablo-Malmedy, Corvey and St. Gall).

CoA	Religious house	Location	Founded	Imm.	Lost imm.	To...	Description and status	College
	Baindt Abbey	Baden-Württemberg	1240	1376	1802 Sec.	Count of Aspremont-Lynden	Cistercian nunnery; reichsunmittelbar but remained subordinate to Salem Abbey. RA	SC
	Berchtesgaden Provostry	Bavaria	1102	1194	1803 Sec.	Electorate of Salzburg	Augustinian Canons. Fürstpropstei ("Prince-Provostry"). RF from 1380 or 1559	RF
	Buchau Abbey	Baden-Württemberg	c. 700	1347	1803 Sec.	County of Thurn und Taxis	Frauenstift. RA. RF[6]	RC
	Burtscheid Abbey	North Rhine-Westphalia (Aachen)	997	1220	1802 Sec.	Roer	Benedictine monastery; from 1220/21 Cistercian nunnery. RF	RC
	Buxheim Charterhouse	Bavaria	c. 1100	1548	1802/03 Sec.	County of Ostein	Canons; Carthusians from 1402 (the only Reichskartause). RP	SC and RC
	Comburg	Baden-Württemberg (Schwäbisch Hall)	1070s	before 15th century	1587 Med.	Duchy of Württemberg	Benedictine monastery, later Herrenstift. Mediatised by Württemberg 1587; secularised 1803. RA	SC
	Corvey Abbey	North Rhine-Westphalia (Höxter)	c. 820	c. 1150	1803 Sec.	Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda	Benedictine monastery. RA; RF no later than 1582[7]	RF
	Disentis Abbey	Switzerland	c. 720[8]	early 8th century	1798 Hel.	Three Leagues	Benedictine monastery; secularised 1798; re-established 1803. RA	SC
	Echternach Abbey	Luxembourg	700	751	1794 Sec.	Forêts	Benedictine monastery. Mediatised by Austria sometime after 1521[9] RA
	Einsiedeln Abbey	Switzerland	934	965	1648 Switz.	Canton of Schwyz	Benedictine monastery. Ceased to be part of the HRE in 1648; secularised 1798; re-established 1803. RA
	Elchingen Abbey	Bavaria	1128	1485	1802 Sec.	Electorate of Bavaria	Benedictine monastery. RA	SC
	Ellwangen Abbey	Baden-Württemberg	c. 764	1011	1802 Sec.	Duchy of Württemberg	Benedictine monastery; Fürstpropstei ("Prince-Provostry"). Possibly founded as early as 732. RF	RF
	Essen Abbey	North Rhine-Westphalia	c. 845	betw. 874 and 947	1803 Sec.	Kingdom of Prussia	Frauenstift. RA	RC
	Frauenchiemsee Abbey (aka Frauenwörth)	Bavaria	782	782	1803 Sec.	Electorate of Bavaria	Benedictine nunnery. RA	SC
	Fraumünster Abbey	Switzerland (Zürich)	853	1218	1524 Sec.	Canton of Zurich	Benedictine nunnery. RA	SC
	Fürstenfeld Abbey	Bavaria (Fürstenfeldbruck)	1258	Uncertain	1803 Sec.	Electorate of Bavaria	Cistercian monastery. RA	SC
	Fulda Abbey	Hesse	744	765	1802 Sec.	Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda	Benedictine monastery. RF[10]	RF
	Gandersheim Abbey	Lower Saxony	852	919 (de facto 877)	1810 Sec.	Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	Frauenstift. The abbey asserted Imperial immediacy but owned no reichsunmittelbar estates, and was claimed until 1709 by Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. RA	RC
	Gengenbach Abbey[11]	Baden-Württemberg	727–35	9th century	1803 Sec.	Margraviate of Baden	Benedictine monastery. RA	SC
	Gernrode Abbey	Saxony-Anhalt	959	961	1728 Med.	Principality of Anhalt-Dessau	Frauenstift. De facto sovereignty lost to Anhalt in 1570. RA	RC
	Göss Abbey	Austria (Leoben)	1004	1020	1782 Sec.	Habsburg monarchy	Benedictine nunnery. RA	SC
	Gutenzell Abbey	Baden-Württemberg	1237	1417	1803 Sec.	County of Toerring	Cistercian nunnery. RA	SC
	Heggbach Abbey	Baden-Württemberg (Maselheim)	1231	1429	1803 Sec.	County of Bassenheim	Beguines; Cistercian nunnery from 1248.[12] RA	SC
	Helmarshausen Abbey	Hesse (Bad Karlshafen)	997	997	1538 Sec.	Landgraviate of Hesse	Benedictine monastery. RA	SC
	Herford Abbey	North Rhine-Westphalia	832	1147	1802 Sec.	County of Ravensberg	Frauenstift. Lutheran from 1533. RA	RC
	Herrenalb Abbey	Baden-Württemberg	1147/48	1275	1497 Med.	Margraviate of Baden Duchy of Württemberg	Cistercian monastery. RA	SC
	Hersfeld Abbey	Hesse	736–42	775	1648 Sec.	Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel	Benedictine monastery. De facto mediatised to Hesse-Kassel from 1606. RA	RC
	Irsee Abbey	Bavaria	1186	1695	1802 Sec.	Electorate of Bavaria	Benedictine monastery. RA	SC
	Kaisheim Abbey (sometimes Kaisersheim Abbey)	Bavaria	1135	1346	1802 Sec.	Electorate of Bavaria	Cistercian monastery. Immediacy was not recognised by the Wittelsbachs, who were the Vögte; a legal agreement was reached with their successors in 1656, confirming Reichsfreiheit. RA	SC and RC
	Kaufungen Abbey	Hesse (Kassel)	1017	1089	1527 Med.	Hessian Knighthood	Benedictine nunnery. Given to the Hessische Ritterschaft 1532; still extant as a private foundation. RA
	Kempten Abbey	Bavaria	752	1062	1803 Sec.	Electorate of Bavaria	Benedictine monastery; Fürststift from 1524. RA / RF	RF
	Klingenmünster Abbey	Rhineland-Palatinate	636?	1115	1567 Sec.	Electorate of the Palatinate	Possibly founded in 636, definitely before 780. Benedictine abbey until 1490; then Herrenstift. RA / RP	RC
	Königsbronn Abbey	Baden-Württemberg (Heidenheim)	1303	probably 15th century	1553 Med.	Duchy of Württemberg	Cistercian monastery, taken over and made Protestant by Württemberg. It remained Protestant despite failed attempts to revert to Catholicism in 1630–32 and 1635–48; it was finally secularised in 1710. RA
	Kornelimünster Abbey	North Rhine-Westphalia (Aachen)	614	by mid-9th century	1802	Roer	Benedictine monastery. RA[13]	RC
	Kreuzlingen Abbey	Switzerland	c. 1125	1145	1648 Switz.	Canton of Thurgau	Augustinian Canons. Dissolved by the cantonal government in 1848. RA
	Lindau Abbey	Bavaria	c. 822	1466	1802	Prince of the County of Bretzenheim	Frauenstift, possibly later a Reichsfürstabtei; RA.	SC
	Lorsch Abbey	Hesse (Darmstadt)	764	852 (confirmed)	1232 Med.	Archbishopric of Mainz	Benedictine monastery until 1248; thereafter Premonstratensian until dissolution in 1556. RA	SC
	Malmedy Abbey	Belgium	645	651?	1794 Sec.	Ourthe	Benedictine monastery, forming a single principality with Stavelot. RA	RF
	Marchtal Abbey (also Marchthal)	Baden-Württemberg	before 776	1500	1803 Sec.	County of Thurn und Taxis	Premonstratensian monastery. Refounded 1171. RA	SC
	Marmoutier Abbey; also Maursmünster[14]	Alsace	by 659	659	1789	Bas-Rhin	Benedictine monastery. RA	SC
	Maulbronn Abbey	Baden-Württemberg	1147	1147	1806 Sec.	Kingdom of Württemberg	Cistercian monastery. Seized by Württemberg in 1504, secularised in 1534, alternated between Cistercianism and Protestantism until settled to the latter by Peace of Westphalia in 1648. RA	SC
	Memleben Abbey	Saxony-Anhalt	975	uncertain, poss. late 10th century	1548 Med. Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_Imperial_abbeys Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.  Navigácia: Veda > Analytika Antropológia Aplikované vedy Bibliometria Dejiny vedy Encyklopédie Filozofia vedy Forenzné vedy Humanitné vedy Knižničná veda Kryogenika Kryptológia Kulturológia Literárna veda Medzidisciplinárne oblasti Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy Metavedy Metodika Metodológia vedy Náboženstvo a veda Náučná literatúra Podvody vo vede Popularizácia vedy Potravinárstvo Prírodné vedy Pseudoveda Scientometria Spoločenské vedy Teórie Teatrológia Technické vedy Technika Terminológia Umenie Výskum Veda Veda a technika podľa štátu Veda a technika podľa kontinentu Veda a technika podľa roka Veda v kozme Vedci Vedecká literatúra Vedecké databázy Vedecké experimenty Vedecké konferencie Vedecké metódy Vedecké ocenenia Vedecké organizácie Vedecké parky Vedeckí spisovatelia Vzdelávanie Záhady Príbuzné výrazy: Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk