Governor of Alabama
Seal of the governor
Standard of the governor
Incumbent Kay Ivey since April 10, 2017
Government of Alabama
Style	Governor (informal) The Honorable (formal)
Status	Head of state Head of government
Residence	Alabama Governor's Mansion
Term length	Four years, renewable once consecutively
Precursor	Governor of Alabama Territory
Inaugural holder	William Wyatt Bibb
Formation	December 14, 1819 (204 years ago) (1819-12-14)
Deputy	Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
Salary	$127,833 (2022)[1]
Website	governor.alabama.gov

The governor of Alabama is the head of government of the U.S. state of Alabama. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Alabama's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

There have officially been 54 governors of the state of Alabama; this official numbering skips acting and military governors.^[2] The first governor, William Wyatt Bibb, served as the only governor of the Alabama Territory. Five people have served as acting governor, bringing the total number of people serving as governor to 59, spread over 63 distinct terms. Four governors have served multiple non-consecutive terms: Bibb Graves, Jim Folsom, and Fob James each served two, and George Wallace served three non-consecutive periods. Officially, these non-consecutive terms are numbered only with the number of their first term. William D. Jelks also served non-consecutive terms, but his first term was in an acting capacity.

The longest-serving governor was George Wallace, who served 16 years over four terms. The shortest term for a non-acting governor was that of Hugh McVay, who served four and a half months after replacing the resigning Clement Comer Clay. Lurleen Wallace, the first wife of George Wallace, was the first woman to serve as governor of Alabama, and the third woman to serve as governor of any state. The current governor is Republican Kay Ivey, who took office on April 10, 2017 following Robert J. Bentley's resignation amidst a corruption scandal. She is the second female governor of Alabama.

List of governors

Territory of Alabama

Alabama Territory was formed on March 3, 1817, from Mississippi Territory.^[3] It had only one governor appointed by the President of the United States before it became a state; he became the first state governor.

Governor of the Territory of Alabama

No.	Governor		Term in office	Appointed by
1		William Wyatt Bibb (1781–1820) [4][5][6][7]	September 25, 1817[a] – November 9, 1819 (elected state governor)	James Monroe

State of Alabama

Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14, 1819.^[13] It seceded from the Union on January 11, 1861,^[14] and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861.^[15] Following the end of the American Civil War, Alabama during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Alabama was readmitted to the Union on July 14, 1868.^[16]

The first Alabama Constitution, ratified in 1819, provided that a governor be elected every two years, limited to serve no more than 4 out of every 6 years. This limit remained in place until the constitution of 1868, which simply allowed governors to serve terms of two years. The current constitution of 1901 increased terms to four years, but prohibited governors from succeeding themselves. An amendment in 1968 allowed governors to succeed themselves once; a governor serving two consecutive terms can run again after waiting out the next term.^[17] The constitution had no set date for the commencement of a governor's term until 1901, when it was set at the first Monday after the second Tuesday in the January following an election. However, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that a governor's term ends at midnight at the end of Monday, and the next governor's term begins the next day, regardless of if they were sworn in on Monday.^[17][18]

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901. According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the office of governor becomes vacant the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship.^[19]

Alabama was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic-Republican and Democratic parties. It had two Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 112 years passed before voters chose another Republican.

Governors of the State of Alabama

No.	Governor				Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. Governor[b][c][20]
1				William Wyatt Bibb (1781–1820) [4][5][6][7]	November 9, 1819[21] – July 10, 1820 (died in office)	Democratic- Republican[22]	1819	Office did not exist
2				Thomas Bibb (1783–1839) [23][24][25]	July 10, 1820[d] – November 9, 1821 (did not run)[25]	Democratic- Republican[28]	Succeeded from president of the Senate
3				Israel Pickens (1780–1827) [29][30][31]	November 9, 1821[32] – November 25, 1825 (term-limited)[e]	Democratic- Republican[22]	1821
							1823
4				John Murphy (d. 1841) [34][35][36]	November 25, 1825[37] – November 21, 1829 (term-limited)[e]	Jackson Democrat[38]	1825
							1827
5				Gabriel Moore (1785–1844) [39][40][41]	November 21, 1829[42] – March 3, 1831 (resigned)[f]	Jackson Democrat[38]	1829
6				Samuel B. Moore (1789–1846) [43][44][45]	March 3, 1831[46] – November 26, 1831 (lost election)	Jackson Democrat[28]	Succeeded from president of the Senate
7				John Gayle (1792–1859) [47][48][49]	November 26, 1831[50] – November 21, 1835 (term-limited)[e]	Jackson Democrat[51]	1831
						Democratic[51]	1833
8				Clement Comer Clay (1789–1866) [52][53][54]	November 21, 1835[55] – July 17, 1837[g] (resigned)[h]	Democratic[51]	1835
9				Hugh McVay (1766–1851) [58][59][60]	July 17, 1837[g] – November 21, 1837 (successor took office)	Democratic[28]	Succeeded from president of the Senate
10				Arthur P. Bagby (1794–1858) [61][62][63]	November 21, 1837[64] – November 22, 1841 (term-limited)[e]	Democratic[65]	1837
							1839
11				Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1802–1869) [66][67][68]	November 22, 1841[69] – December 9, 1845 (term-limited)[e]	Democratic[70]	1841
							1843
12				Joshua L. Martin (1799–1856) [71][72][73]	December 9, 1845[74] – December 16, 1847 (did not run)[i]	Independent[j]	1845
13				Reuben Chapman (1799–1882) [77][78][79]	December 16, 1847[80] – December 17, 1849 (lost nomination)[81]	Democratic[76]	1847
14				Henry W. Collier (1801–1855) [82][83][84]	December 17, 1849[85] – December 20, 1853 (term-limited)[e]	Democratic[86]	1849
							1851
15				John A. Winston (1812–1871) [87][88][89]	December 20, 1853[90] – December 1, 1857 (term-limited)[e]	Democratic[91]	1853
							1855
16				Andrew B. Moore (1807–1873) [92][93][94]	December 1, 1857[95] – December 2, 1861 (term-limited)[e]	Democratic[96]	1857
							1859
17				John Gill Shorter (1818–1872) [97][98][99]	December 2, 1861[100] – December 1, 1863 (lost election)[99]	Democratic[28]	1861
18				Thomas H. Watts (1819–1892) [101][102][103]	December 1, 1863[104] – May 3, 1865[k] (arrested and removed)[l]	Whig[28]	1863
—	Vacant				May 3, 1865[k] – June 21, 1865	Office vacated after civil war
19				Lewis E. Parsons (1817–1895) [107][108][109]	June 21, 1865[110] – December 13, 1865 (successor took office)	Provisional governor appointed by President[28]
20				Robert M. Patton (1809–1885) [111][112][113]	December 13, 1865[114] – July 13, 1868[m] (did not run)	Nonpartisan[n]	1865
—				Wager Swayne (1834–1902) [122]	March 2, 1867[o] – January 11, 1868 (removed)[p]	Military occupation[q]
21				William Hugh Smith (1826–1899) [118][123][124]	July 13, 1868[m] – November 26, 1870[r] (lost election)	Republican[28]	1868		Andrew J. Applegate (died August 21, 1870)
								Vacant
22				Robert B. Lindsay (1824–1902) [126][127][128]	November 26, 1870[129] – November 25, 1872 (did not run)[128]	Democratic[28]	1870[r]		Edward H. Moren
23				David P. Lewis (1820–1884) [130][131][132]	November 25, 1872[133][134] – November 24, 1874 (lost election)	Republican[28]	1872		Alexander McKinstry
24				George S. Houston (1811–1879) [135][136][137]	November 24, 1874[138] – November 27, 1878 (did not run)[s]	Democratic[28]	1874		Robert F. Ligon
							1876	Office did not exist
25				Rufus W. Cobb (1829–1913) [139][140][141]	November 27, 1878[142] – December 1, 1882 (did not run)	Democratic[28]	1878
							1880
26				Edward A. O'Neal (1818–1890) [143][144][145]	December 1, 1882[146] – December 1, 1886 (did not run)	Democratic[28]	1882
							1884
27				Thomas Seay (1846–1896) [147][148][149]	December 1, 1886[150] – December 1, 1890 (did not run)[t]	Democratic[28]	1886
							1888
28				Thomas G. Jones (1844–1914) [151][152][153]	December 1, 1890[154] – December 1, 1894 (did not run)[153]	Democratic[28]	1890
							1892
29				William C. Oates (1835–1910) [155][156][157]	December 1, 1894[158] – December 1, 1896 (did not run)[157]	Democratic[28]	1894
30				Joseph F. Johnston (1843–1913) [159][160][161]	December 1, 1896[162] – December 1, 1900 (did not run)[u]	Democratic[28]	1896
							1898
—				William D. Jelks (1855–1931) [163][164][165]	December 1, 1900 – December 26, 1900 (acting)[v]	Democratic[28]	President of the Senate acting
31				William J. Samford (1844–1901) [167][169][170]	December 1, 1900[v] – June 11, 1901 (died in office)	Democratic[28]	1900
32				William D. Jelks (1855–1931) [163][164][165]	June 11, 1901[171] – January 14, 1907 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	Succeeded from president of the Senate
							1902		Russell McWhortor Cunningham (acted as governor April 25, 1904–March 5, 1905)[x]
33				B. B. Comer (1848–1927) [176][177][178]	January 14, 1907[179] – January 16, 1911 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1906		Henry B. Gray
34				Emmet O'Neal (1853–1922) [180][181][182]	January 17, 1911[y] – January 18, 1915 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1910		Walter D. Seed Sr.
35				Charles Henderson (1860–1937) [185][186][187]	January 19, 1915[188][y] – January 20, 1919 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1914		Thomas Kilby
36				Thomas Kilby (1865–1943) [189][190][191]	January 21, 1919[192][y] – January 15, 1923 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1918		Nathan Lee Miller
37				William W. Brandon (1868–1934) [193][194][195]	January 16, 1923[196][y] – January 17, 1927 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1922		Charles S. McDowell (acted as governor July 10, 1924–July 11, 1924)[z]
38				Bibb Graves (1873–1942) [197][198][199]	January 18, 1927[200][y] – January 19, 1931 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1926		William C. Davis
39				Benjamin M. Miller (1864–1944) [201][202][203]	January 20, 1931[204][y] – January 14, 1935 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1930		Hugh Davis Merrill
38				Bibb Graves (1873–1942) [197][198][199]	January 15, 1935[205][y] – January 16, 1939 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1934		Thomas E. Knight (died May 17, 1937)
								Vacant
40				Frank M. Dixon (1892–1965) [206][207][208]	January 17, 1939[209][y] – January 18, 1943 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1938		Albert A. Carmichael
41				Chauncey Sparks (1884–1968) [210][211][212]	January 19, 1943[213][y] – January 20, 1947 (term-limited)[w]	Democratic[28]	1942		Leven H. Ellis
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