List of Canadian tornadoes - Biblioteka.sk

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List of Canadian tornadoes
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Known as 'Black Friday', an F4 tornado touched down in Edmonton, Alberta, on July 31, 1987.

This page lists tornadoes and tornado outbreaks which have touched down in Canada prior to the 21st century. On average, there are around 80 confirmed and unconfirmed tornadoes that touch down in Canada each year, with most occurring in the southern Canadian Prairies, Southern Ontario and southern Quebec. Canada ranks as the country with the second most tornadoes per year, after the US. The most common types are F0 to F2 in damage intensity level and usually result in minor structural damage to barns, wood fences, roof shingles, chimneys, uprooted or snapped tree limbs and downed power lines. Fewer than 5% of tornadoes in Canada are rated F3 or higher in intensity, where wind speeds are in excess of 225 km/h (140 mph). Prior to April 1, 2013, Canada used a slightly modified Fujita scale, and as of that date the Enhanced Fujita scale, again slightly modified, was put into use to rate tornado intensity, based on the damage to buildings and vegetation.[1]

Each year on average, about 43 tornadoes occur across the Canadian Prairies and about 17 occur across Ontario and Quebec.[2] New Brunswick and the British Columbia Interior are also recognized tornado zones. All other provinces and territories have significantly less threat from tornadoes. The peak season in Canada is through the summer months, (June to August), when clashing air masses move north, as opposed to the spring season in the United States southern-central plains, although tornadoes in Canada have occurred in spring, fall and very rarely winter.

The reported increase in numbers of tornadoes in recent years may reflect more reporting by citizens and media involvement rather than an actual increase in tornado occurrence (although some natural increase has not been ruled out), in addition to better detection technology i.e. Doppler weather radar and satellite imagery. The upswing could also be attributed to other factors, such as improved aerial and ground damage assessment after the fact in sparsely populated areas (particularly the case in remote parts of the Canadian Prairies and Northern Ontario, for example), better trained spotter capabilities and increased use of digital recording devices by citizens. Tornadoes in Canada are enough of a threat for a public warning system to be in place, overseen by the national weather agency, Environment Canada (EC).

For a variety of reasons, such as Canada's lower population density and generally stronger housing construction due to the colder climate, Canadian tornadoes have historically caused fewer fatalities than tornadoes in the United States. The deadliest tornado in Canadian history, the Regina Cyclone of June 30, 1912, killed 28 and injured 300. Urban centres are not immune from the threat of severe tornadoes. Twelve medium to large size Canadian cities have been hit by significant strength tornadoes (F3 or higher), which caused large-scale damage and fatalities: Toronto (1868); Regina (1912); Windsor (1946 and 1974); Sarnia (1953); LaSalle (1956); Sudbury (1970); Woodstock (1979); Lloydminster (1983); Barrie (1985); Edmonton (1987); Aylmer (1994); and Ottawa-Gatineau (1888 and 2018).

All figures for damages are in Canadian dollars.

Before 1850

1792

  • June 30 or July 1 - the first recorded tornado in Canadian history, an F2, affected the Niagara Peninsula between Fonthill and Port Robinson, Ontario. It levelled houses and uprooted many trees. The tornado cut a path of trees in a west to east line from both communities that became known as "Hurricane Road", which still exists today.[3][4][5]

1795 or 1798

1823

1826

1828

  • June 27 - an unrated tornado struck Eastern Ontario in the area of Drummond Centre, Ontario. The tornado destroyed barns and houses, carrying some far distances. An unroofed brick house was carried off its foundation. A strong stone house was partly destroyed. Trees on the third and fourth concession of Drummond Township were uprooted and damaged.[9]

1829

  • Late May - an F0 tornado struck and destroyed the early settlement of Guelph, Ontario. Development on the settlement was slow to begin afterwards with some recalling little progress in the next three years following the tornado.[5][10][11][12]

1831

  • June 26 - an unrated tornado struck Montreal, Quebec, carrying the roof off the western tower of the New Catholic Parish Church and depositing on Notre Dame Street. Construction material was tossed around and various houses were destroyed. Damage was also done on Guy Street.[13]

1844

1847

  • June 12 - an F0 tornado touched down north of Guelph, Ontario.[16]
  • September 5 - an F2 tornado and a probable tornado struck Ontario and Quebec. The F2 tornado struck Cornwall, Ontario, and near Lancaster, Ontario. The tornado started near Massena, New York, before crossing the St. Lawrence River. The tornado was spotted crossing the river from Long Sault, Ontario. In Cornwall, Ontario, the tornado did significant damage to structures with the tornado destroying 3 houses, unroofing 8, and damaging another 9 or so. As for out-houses, the tornado destroyed 11, unroofed 13, and damaged many more. Debris was carried up to the three miles away. A young girl was thrown into the Cornwall Canal and drowned, while her brother and another man escaped without injury. The tornado approached the St. Lawrence River near Lancaster, Ontario, where it destroyed several other buildings and injured two.[17][18] The probable tornado struck Saint-Édouard, Quebec, two hours after the first tornado. The storm lasted 50 minutes which is far longer than a normal tornado, however, the damage caused was the destruction of 57 buildings of various kinds. This tornado is listed as probable as the description is not fully clear on the event but the significant damage caused seems far greater than a downburst.[19]

1848

1850s

1850

  • July 5 - an F3 tornado touched down over Lake Scugog, spending nearly 12 minutes over the water, before moving south into Cartwright Township, Ontario. Trees were snapped and twisted off while fences were blown down. Hail the size of hen's eggs occurred on the outskirts of the tornado. Into eastern Darlington Township, Ontario, an entire forest was destroyed with hail larger than the previous size. A vast majority of livestock in the area were killed. Significant damage was done to homes and barns, alongside crops. The tornado was half a mile wide and tracked for 14 miles in length. Various people were injured with a range of severity.[23] The towns of Manchester, Ontario, Enniskillen, Ontario, and Haydon, Ontario, suffered greatly.[24]

1851

1854

1855

1856

1857

1859

1860s

1860

1861

  • May 24 - an unrated tornado touched down north of Brantford, Ontario, before moving southeast to the east of Brantford. The tornado did considerable amounts of damage to fences, barns, and homes in the area. The tornado did not appear more than 60 feet wide. At times, there were two distinct paths of damage in close proximity that would reunite into a single path.[44]
  • November 14 - an unrated tornado struck Kingston, Ontario, and Garden Island, Ontario. The tornado unroofed weak buildings, damaged sheds, and destroyed fences.[45]

1862

1863

1864

1865

1866

1867

1868

1869

  • June 20 - an unrated tornado touched down near Birr, Ontario.[65]
  • July 10 - an F0 tornado passed through Peel Township, Ontario, and Garafraxa Township, Ontario.[66]
  • July 20 - two probable tornadoes touched down in British Columbia. The first tornado touched down along the Quesnel River in the valley, near Quesnel, British Columbia. The tornado was strong enough to knock over 18-inch in diameter trees and carry them long distances.[67] A second tornado touched down near Williams Creek, British Columbia, carrying light materials some distance.[68] These two tornadoes are only probable as they do mention smoke and fire with both situations, but if severe thunderstorms did cross a forest fire area and produce a tornado, the vortex could be able to spin up the smoke alongside carry debris and cause damage as described in the articles.
  • Weeks before August 21 (on a Sunday) - one strong tornado or two smaller tornadoes touched down in Southwestern Ontario. The source indicates that a tornado started a few miles west of Woodstock, Ontario, and crossed through the city. The tornado caused immense damage, destroying over 740 panes of glass from the Canada Institute building, uprooting trees and levelling barns and sheds in "East Woodstock". The source discusses a second tornado through Middlesex County, Ontario, which may have been the origin for the first tornado. The description of this tornado claims that forests, fences, houses, and everything else were knocked down in the path of the tornado.[29]

1870s

1870

1871

  • August 15 - an F0 tornado struck the Stratford, Ontario, approaching from the northwest and exiting to the northeast.[78]

1872

1873

1874

  • June 7 - an unrated tornado struck Kemptville, Ontario. The tornado was short-lived and destroyed about $25,000 dollars worth of property. Many buildings were destroyed including barns, sheds, stables, homes, and shops.[88]
  • August 7 - an F1 tornado and a probable tornado touched down in Ontario. The F1 tornado touched down near Morven, Ontario, moving east towards Wilton, Ontario. The probable tornado struck Beamsville, Ontario.[89]

1875

1876

  • April 14 - an unrated tornado Kingston, Ontario, causing significant damage in the city. Many buildings were demolished including a four-story building. Damage was most significant along Princess Street.[98]
  • July 25 - an F0 tornado passed through Seneca Township, Ontario.[99]

1877

1878

1879

1880s

1880

1881

1883

1884

  • May 15 - three tornadoes touched down in Ontario. The first tornado was unrated and touched down in Woodstock, Ontario, resulting in structural and tree damage in the southern end of town.[130] The second tornado, an F0, touched down just south of Elora, Ontario, and moved between Speedside, Ontario, and Oustic, Ontario. The tornado destroyed barns, fences, and stables.[131] The third tornado, also an F0, touched down near Goldstone, Ontario, and continued east to Alma, Ontario, and Orton, Ontario. The tornado caused significant damage to many farmsteads. The tornado damaged a church and cemetery in Mapleton, Ontario. This tornado was likely underrated with some documentation listing it as a suspected F4 tornado.[132]
  • June 24 - an unrated tornado touched down in Shell River, Manitoba, resulting in considerable damage.[133]
  • July 16 - an F0 tornado touched down near Lobo, Ontario, moving eastward towards Melrose, Ontario.[134]
  • August 27 - at least one tornado struck between Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, and Winnipeg, Manitoba, resulting in unroofed buildings and crop damage. The first tornado struck Winnipeg causing significant damage to buildings. This tornado may have touched down outside of the city in the rural landscape to the west. The Weekly British Whig states that damage to some of the provincial towns was also severe with heavy crop damage while the Victoria Daily British Colonist states that the damage was in a narrow path with weak crop damage. Because of the difference in the event descriptions and the distance between Portage la Prairie and Winnipeg, it is assumed that there was likely at least one tornado with the possibility of more tornadoes that touched down.[135][136]

1885

  • Week before May 30 - an unrated small tornado struck north Winnipeg, Manitoba, destroying half a dozen homes and injuring many.[137] The tornado briefly became a waterspout when it crossed the river.[138]
  • August 28 - an unrated tornado struck the Muskoka District, Ontario, near Skeleton Lake, Ontario, causing a path of destruction. Trees were uprooted while roofs were lifted off of barns and homes. Two children were killed by falling trees.[139]

1886

1887

  • April 1 - a small and probable tornado struck Vancouver Island, specific location unknown. The tornado caused minor tree and telegraph line damage.[141]
  • July 16 - an unrated tornado passed through Onondaga, Ontario, south of Ohsweken, Ontario. The tornado demolished fences and uprooted trees before damaging an outbuilding.[142]
  • August 23 - an unrated tornado struck London, Ontario, and Ingersoll, Ontario, destroying numerous buildings, a large chimney from a Bell mill, and the roof of a gas works. Significant damage to trees, chimneys, and structures was also reported north of London.[143][144]

1888

1889

1890s

1890

1891

1892

1893

  • April 4 - an unrated tornado struck parts of Lethbridge, Alberta, resulting in damage. The front of a local store collapsed.[225]
  • April 13 - a small tornado struck Victoria, British Columbia, from the north. No damage was reported.[226]
  • April 13 - an F0 tornado touched down near Gordonville, Ontario.[227]
  • April 20 - a probable tornado struck Owen Sound, Ontario, destroying fences, sheds, and outhouses. The tornado unroofed barns and homes. There is a lack of concrete evidence regarding this tornado. The newspaper also discusses significant damage in the vicinity of Mono Road, Ontario, which might be classified as a second probable tornado.[228]
  • May 22 - immense destruction was reported across Ontario into Quebec with sources indicating up to seven tornadoes. Various towns were impacted. The first tornado, an F2, touched down near Aurora, Ontario. The tornado destroyed a church steeple and caused significant damage.[229] The second tornado, an F2, touched down near Tilsonburg, Ontario, destroying an oatmeal mill, killing one. The tornado caused significant tree damage along Ontario Highway 19 through to Brantford, Ontario.[230] A third F2 tornado struck Belleville, Ontario.[231] An unrated tornado destroyed circus tents, injuring one and killing one in Perth, Ontario. A fifth tornado, unrated, struck Ottawa, Ontario, destroying the St Jean Baptist School, killing a child and injuring another. Small towers on Bank Street collapsed. Several additional people were killed and injured. A sixth tornado occurred in Montreal, Quebec, where various homes were completely destroyed while others only received minor damage. The tornado lofted debris to Rue Cathcart in the city.[232] A seventh tornado moved between Delhi, Ontario, and Windham Centre, Ontario. Additional damage was reported in Orillia, Ontario, where a man was injured by a falling steeple, however, there was inconclusive evidence to support a tornado classification.[233][234][235]
  • May 30 - an unrated tornado struck Nottawa, Ontario, removing the roof off a mill.[236]
  • July 9 - a waterspout touched down over Lake Saint-Louis, Quebec, near Montreal, Quebec. The tornado resulted in a boat capsizing and a man drowning. From the newspaper article, there is no indication that the waterspout made landfall.[237]
  • July 10 - an unrated tornado touched north of Brandon, Manitoba. A dispatcher in Brandon, Manitoba, reported that a cyclone touched down north of the city, demolishing several homes and barns. The storm took a southeast path, striking Douglas, Manitoba, and Carberry, Manitoba. A dispatcher in Douglas reported a cone-shaped cloud reaching the ground. Houses and stables were blown down while machinery was scattered across the farmland in this area. Additional damage was reported in Chater, Manitoba.[238]
  • July 28 - an unrated tornado touched down in Hanlee Grove, Prince Edward Island, outside of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, cutting a half a mile wide path through the landscape. The tornado destroyed two barracks.[239]
  • August 2 - an unrated tornado touched down in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, uprooting trees, flattening crops, and destroying the front of the provincial buildings. The tornado levelled the McKinnon's old tannery and other various buildings.[240]

1894

  • May 6 - an unrated tornado struck Clinton, Ontario, shattering a few windows with debris.[241]
  • May 20 or May 27 - an unrated tornado touched down in Montreal, Quebec. The tornado tore the roofs off several buildings.[242]
  • May 20 or May 27 - an unrated tornado touched down in Huron County, Ontario. The tornado caused significant property damage and a considerable number of people died.[243]
  • July 9 - a waterspout touched down over Lake Saint-Louis, Quebec, capsizing four yachts. One person drowned.[244]
  • September 18 - an unrated tornado struck Clinton, Ontario. A flex mill was partly unroofed and wagons were overturned. Trees were uprooted and buildings were demolished.[245][246][247]

1895

1896

  • May 25 - an F2 tornado touched down near Windsor, Ontario, in the Sandwich East district, resulting in destroyed houses, barns, machinery, fences, and trees. Many cattle and horses were killed, however, no notable deaths or injuries for humans.[263][264][265][266]
  • June 6 - a probable cyclone did considerable damage at the French village of Guion, thirty miles up the Ottawa River. A village named "Guion" doesn't exist, but the next closest thing which matches the distance is the closely named Quyon, Quebec. Unless further information is found, it can be assumed that the misspelling was a miscommunication.[267]
  • June 25 - a probable tornado touched down in Windsor, Ontario, destroying and lifting off roofs, smashing windows, and damaging trees. Many chimneys were also blown down.[268][269]
  • July 2 - an unrated tornado touched down on Lac Deschênes along the Ottawa River near Ottawa, Ontario. The tornado overturned numerous boats, killing three.[270][271]
  • August 10 - an F0 tornado touched down in Amherstburg, Ontario, lifting the roof from the Lake View house and tossing it across the street. Various boats in the Detroit River were overturned.[272] Significant damage was also reported in Simcoe, Ontario, where the roof from a grand stand was carried around with more minor damage to fences and trees reported. There was also significant crop damage in this area which is more indictive of straight-line winds or a downburst unless new information can be found.[273][274]
  • August 26 - an unrated tornado touched down near Flinton, Ontario. The tornado caused significant damage to homes, barns, and fences. Many trees were destroyed.[275]

1897

  • June 21 - an unrated tornado struck Nicola, British Columbia, just northeast of Merritt, British Columbia. The tornado snapped trees near Mill Creek which fell in the direction of Driard hotel.[276] There was initial question about the creditability of this report, but further research suggests that a Driard hotel did exist in Nicola with a Mill Creek Road also existing in the area, therefore, the report is classified as valid.
  • June 29 - two F1 tornadoes touched down in Ontario. The first tornado struck London, Ontario, in Westminster Township, Ontario, destroying buildings, woods, orchards, and fields.[277][278][279] The second tornado struck Paynes Mills, Ontario (present day Kettle Creek). The second tornado lifted a house from its foundation.[280][281]
  • July 2 - an unrated tornado struck Griswold, Manitoba, tossing a house over some trees.[282]
  • July 3 - an unrated tornado struck Rapid City, Manitoba, killing one and demolishing several buildings.[283][284]
  • July 12 - an unrated tornado struck parts of Chicoutimi County, Quebec.[285]
  • Within the week before July 20 - an unrated tornado struck between Lothaire, Alberta and Wheatland, Alberta, resulting in minor tree damage and a damaged barn roof.[286] The lack of information makes this event question whether it was actually a tornado, listed as 'probable' until further evidence is provided.
  • September 16 - an unrated tornado struck Anderdon Township, Ontario, levelling telephone and telegraph lines, uprooting trees, and unroofing barns and homes. Multiple horses were killed during the storm.[287]
  • November 9 - an unrated tornado struck Victoria, British Columbia, causing immense damage.[288] The lack of information makes this event question whether it was actually a tornado, listed as 'probable' until further evidence is provided.

1898

1899

1900s

1900

1901







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