A Kofler bench, or Kofler heating bar; Kofler hot bar; Kofler hot bench, in German, Kofler-Heizbank,^[1] is a metal strip with a temperature gradient (range room temperature to 300°C). Any substance can be placed on a section of the strip revealing its thermal behaviour at the temperature at that point.^[2] The gradient is engineered to be approximately linear.^[3]

This melting-point apparatus for use with a microscope was developed by the Austrian pharmacognosist Ludwig Kofler (30 November 1891 Dornbirn - 23 August 1951 Innsbruck) and his wife mineralogist Adelheid Kofler. In 1936, the Koflers and Mayrhofer published their "Mikroskopische Methoden in der Mikrochemie" , Kofler and Kofler published their "Thermomikromethoden" in 1954.^[4][5] The integration of microscope and Kofler bench is known as the Kofler hot stage microscope.^[6]

Kofler, his wife Adelheid, and their colleague, Maria Kuhnert-Brandstätter, investigated numerous organic molecules, and published some 250 papers describing their work.^[7]

Thermomicroscopy, incepted by Ludwig and Adelheid Kofler and developed further by Maria Kuhnert-Brandstätter (1919–2011) and Walter C. McCrone used the technique for studying the phases of solid drug substances.

See also

• Melting point

References

Further reading

• Vitez, I (1998). "The evolution of hot-stage microscopy to aid solid-state characterizations of pharmaceutical solids". Thermochimica Acta. 324 (1–2): 187–196. doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00535-8.

External links

• Department of Pharmacognosy at the University of Innsbruck