A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| Kamëntsá | |
|---|---|
| Coche | |
| Region | Colombia |
| Ethnicity | Camsá people |
Native speakers | 4,000 (2008)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kbh |
| Glottolog | cams1241 |
| ELP | Camsá |
 Location of the Kamëntsá language speakers. | |
Camsá (Kamsá, Kamse), also referred to as Mocoa, Sibundoy, Coche, and natively as Kamëntsá (Kamemtxa, Camëntsëá), is a language isolate and native language of the Camsá people who primarily inhabit the Sibundoy Valley of the Putumayo Department in the south of Colombia.
Classification
Camsá appears to be a language isolate. Researchers have tried connecting it to the Chibchan languages without success. Fabre reports that the Camsá are descended, at least in part, from the Quillasinga, whose language is unattested.[2]
Language contact
Jolkesky notes that there are lexical similarities with the Choco languages due to contact.[3]
Varieties
Mason lists the following names as Coche (Mocoa) varieties.[4]
- Sebondoy
- Quillacinga
- Patoco
Phonology
Consonants
 | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | p[a] | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | g | |||
| prenasal | ⁿd | ᵑg | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | ʈ͡ʂ | t͡ʃ | ||
| prenasal | ⁿdʒ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ɸ[a] | s | ʂ | ʃ | x |
| voiced | ʒ[a] | |||||
| Trill | r[a] | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||
| Lateral | l | ʎ[a] | ||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||
Howard and O'Brien call the retroflex phonemes in the above table retroflex, while Huber & Reed use the alveolo-palatal symbols. More specifically, Howard uses ⟨tṣ⟩ and ⟨ṣ⟩,[5] O'Brien uses ⟨tʂ⟩ and ⟨ʂ⟩,[6] and Huber & Reed use ⟨tɕ⟩ and ⟨ɕ⟩.[7]
Vowels
Huber & Reed, Howard, and O'Brien all analyze six vowel phonemes in Camsá: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/, and /ɨ/.[7][8][9] O'Brien notes that /ɨ/ has a limited distribution and is rarely found at the beginnings of words,[10] and that [i] in many cases may be an allophone of /e/ before palatal consonants.[11] Howard found that /i/ and /e/ fluctuate in some morphemes, as do /u/ and /o/.[12]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
Grammar
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Camsá is a polysynthetic language with prefixes and suffixes.[13] It also has dual number, which is unusual for languages around it.[14][13]
Vocabulary
Huber & Reed's book provides a comparison between 68 indigenous languages of Colombia.[15] The following table provides the order of words in the book, along with glosses in English and Spanish. The Camsá words follow their orthography, i.e., using ⟨tɕ⟩ and ⟨ɕ⟩ instead of ⟨ʈʂ⟩ and ⟨ʂ⟩.
no. English gloss Spanish gloss Camsá notes 001 tongue lengua bitʃtá-xa 002 mouth boca wajá-ɕa 003 lip labio wajatsebiá-ɕa 004 tooth diente xuatsá-ɕe 005 nose nariz tsxá-ɕe 006 eye ojo bɕnɨ-bé 007 ear oreja matskuá-ɕe 008 head cabeza bestɕá-ɕe, betɕá-ɕe 009 forehead frente xuentsɨɕá-ɕe 010 hair cabello stxɨnɨ́-xa 011 chin mentón kumbambɨ́-ɕa 012 beard barba wangɨtsboboʃɨ́-xua 013 neck cuello tamoɕá-xa 014 chest pecho kotʃá-xa 015 woman’s breast teta, seno, pechos tʃótʃo 016 abdomen vientre, abdomen wabsbiá 017 back espalda stɨtɕá-xa 018 shoulder hombro tantɕá-xa 019 arm brazo buakuá-tɕe 021 elbow codo ʃɨmia-bé 022 hand mano kukuá-tɕe 023 finger dedo de la mano ntɕabuá-bxa 024 fingernail una ngétsebia-ɕe 025 leg pierna mɨntxá-xa 027 knee rodilla ntsamiá-ɕe 028 shin espinilla ɕɨbxá-xa 029 foot pie ʃekuá-tɕe 030 toe dedo del pie xɨntɕá-bxa 031 skin piel bobátʃe 032 bone hueso betá-ɕe, betá-bxa 033 blood sangre buíɲe 034 heart corazón ainána 035 lungs pulmones béxnatse 036 penis pene lótɕe 037 vulva vulva salápo 038 man hombre entɕá (jentɕá) 039 male varón bojabása 040 woman mujer ʃembása 041 people gente entɕánga 042 husband marido, esposo bojá 043 wife marida, esposa ʃéma 044 father padre taitá, bébta 045 mother madre mamá, bebmá, máma 046 baby, infant criatura ɕeɕóna, (ɕoɕóna) 047 old man viejo bɨtsanań 048 water agua bújeʃe, béxa-je 049 river río béxa-ke, bʃáxa-je 051 lake lago wabxaxóna-je 052 swamp pantano xatɨʃáɲe 053 spring of water fuente, ojo de agua obaxtʃkaníɲe 054 waterfall caída de agua buatʃkɨkxaníɲe 055 rapids catarata, raudal bʃawenaníɲe 056 flame, fire candela, fuego íɲe, níɲe 057 ash ceniza xatinjá 058 charcoal carbón enaxomá-ɕe 059 smoke humo ngóna 060 firewood leña niɲá 061 sky cíelo sel-óka Spanish loanword 062 rain lluvia wabténa 063 wind viento bínjia 064 sun sol ʃínje 065 moon luna xuaʃkóna 066 star estrella estrelja-téma Spanish loanword 067 day día bɨnɨ-té, té 068 night noche ibéta 069 thunder trueno waxuesajá 070 lightning relámpago tkuínje 071 rainbow arco iris tsɨbkuákuatxo 072 earth, soil tierra bʃántse 073 stone piedra ndɨtɕ-bé 074 sand arena kaskáxo Spanish loanword 075 house casa jébna 076 roof techo thɨxnaɲe, bonxanána 077 door puerta bɨɕá-ɕe 078 seat, stool banco tɕenɨ́-ɕe 079 mat estera txuá-ʃe 080 Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Kamsa_language
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