A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| Godzilla | |
|---|---|
 Current official English brand logo[1] | |
| Created by | |
| Original work | Godzilla (1954)[5] |
| Owner | Toho Co., Ltd.[6] |
| Years | 1954–present |
| Print publications | |
| Book(s) | |
| Comics | Full list |
| Films and television | |
| Film(s) |
|
| Television series | Full list |
| Games | |
| Video game(s) | Full list |
| Audio | |
| Soundtrack(s) | Godzilla: Final Wars (2004) Godzilla (2014) Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019) Godzilla vs. Kong (2021) Godzilla Minus One (2023) Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire (2024) |
| Miscellaneous | |
| American series | MonsterVerse |
| Official website | |
Official website  | |
Godzilla (Japanese: ゴジラ, Hepburn: Gojira) is a Japanese monster, or kaiju, media franchise consisting of films, television series, novels, comic books, video games, and other merchandise. The franchise is centered on the fictional kaiju Godzilla, a prehistoric reptilian monster awakened and powered by nuclear radiation. The franchise is recognized by the Guinness World Records as the "longest continuously running film franchise", having been in ongoing production since 1954, with several hiatuses of varying lengths.[8] The film franchise consists of 38 films: 33 Japanese films produced and distributed by Toho Co., Ltd.; and five American films, the first of which was produced by TriStar Pictures and the remaining four by Legendary Pictures, with the latest being released in March 2024.
The original film, Godzilla, was directed by and co-written by Ishirō Honda and released by Toho in 1954.[9] It became an influential classic of the genre. It featured political and social undertones relevant to Japan at the time. The 1954 film and its special effects director Eiji Tsuburaya are largely credited for establishing the template for tokusatsu, a technique of practical special effects filmmaking that would become essential in Japan's film industry since the release of Godzilla (1954).[10] For its North American release, the film was localized in 1956 as Godzilla, King of the Monsters!. It featured new footage with Raymond Burr edited together with the original Japanese footage.
The popularity of the films has led to the franchise expanding to other media, such as television, music, literature and video games. Godzilla has become one of the most recognizable symbols in Japanese pop culture worldwide and remains a well-known facet of Japanese cinema and was one of the first examples of the popular kaiju and tokusatsu subgenres in Japanese entertainment.
The tone and themes vary per film. Several of the films have political themes, others have dark tones, complex internal mythology, or are simple action films featuring aliens or other monsters, while others have simpler themes accessible to children.[11] Godzilla's role varies from purely a destructive force to an ally of humans, or a protector of Japanese values, or a hero to children. The name Godzilla is a romanization of the original Japanese name Gojira (ゴジラ)—which is a combination of two Japanese words: gorira (ゴリラ), "gorilla", and kujira (クジラ), "whale". The word alludes to the size, power and aquatic origin of Godzilla. As developed by Toho, the monster is an offshoot of the combination of radioactivity and ancient dinosaur-like creatures, indestructible and possessing special powers (see Godzilla characteristics).
History
The Godzilla film series is broken into several different eras reflecting a characteristic style and corresponding to the same eras used to classify all kaiju eiga (monster movies) in Japan. The first, second, and fourth eras refer to the Japanese emperor during production: the Shōwa era, the Heisei era, and the Reiwa era. The third is called the Millennium era, as the emperor (Heisei) is the same, but these films are considered to have a different style and storyline than the Heisei era.
Over the series' history, the films have reflected the social and political climate in Japan.[12] In the original film, Godzilla was an allegory for the effects of the atomic bomb, and the consequences that such weapons might have on Earth.[13][14][15][16] The radioactive contamination of the Japanese fishing boat Lucky Dragon No. 5 through the United States' Castle Bravo thermonuclear device test on Bikini Atoll on March 1, 1954, led to much press coverage in Japan preceding the release of the first film in 1954.[17] The Heisei and Millennium series have largely continued this concept. Toho was inspired to make the original Godzilla film after the commercial success of the 1952 re-release of King Kong and the success of The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953), the first live-action film to feature a giant monster awakened following an atomic bomb detonation.[18] The success of the Godzilla franchise itself would go on to inspire other giant monster films worldwide.
Shōwa era (1954–1975)
The initial series of films are named after the Shōwa era (as all of these films were produced during Emperor Shōwa's reign).[19][20] This Shōwa timeline spanned from 1954, with Godzilla, to 1975, with Terror of Mechagodzilla. Starting with Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster, Godzilla began evolving into a friendlier, more playful antihero (this transition was complete by Son of Godzilla, where Godzilla is depicted as a more virtuous character) and, as years went by, it evolved into an anthropomorphic superhero. Ghidorah the Three-Headed Monster was also significant for introducing Godzilla's archenemy and the main antagonist of the film series, King Ghidorah.
Son of Godzilla and All Monsters Attack were aimed at youthful audiences, featuring the appearance of Godzilla's son, Minilla. Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla was notable for introducing Godzilla's robot duplicate and the secondary antagonist of the film series, Mechagodzilla. The Shōwa period loosely tied in to a number of Toho-produced films in which Godzilla himself did not appear and consequently saw the addition of many monsters into the Godzilla continuity, three of which (Rodan, Varan, and Mothra) originated in their own solo films and another five (Anguirus, Manda, Baragon, Gorosaurus and Kumonga) appeared in their first films as either secondary antagonists or secondary kaiju.
Haruo Nakajima mainly portrayed Godzilla since 1954 until his retirement in 1972. However, other stunt actors have portrayed the character in his absence, such as Katsumi Tezuka, Yū Sekida, Ryosaku Takasugi, Seiji Onaka, Shinji Takagi, Isao Zushi, and Toru Kawai.[21][22] Eiji Tsuburaya directed the special effects for the first six films of the series. His protege Sadamasa Arikawa took over the effects work for the next three films (with Tsuburaya supervising), while Teruyoshi Nakano directed the special effects for the last six films of the series.
Heisei era (1984–1995)
Toho rebooted the series in 1984 with The Return of Godzilla, starting the second era of Godzilla films, known as the Heisei series.[23] The Return of Godzilla serves as a direct sequel to the original 1954 film and ignores the subsequent events of the Shōwa era. The Return of Godzilla was released in 1984, five years before the new Emperor, but is considered part of this era, as it is a direct predecessor to Godzilla vs. Biollante (1989), which came out in the first year of the new Emperor's reign.[24]
The Heisei films are set in a single timeline, with each film providing continuity to the other films, and brings Godzilla back as a destructive force of nature that is feared by humans.[23] The biological nature and science behind Godzilla became a much more discussed issue in the films, showing the increased focus on the moral aspects of genetics. Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah gave Godzilla's first concrete birth story, featuring a dinosaur named Godzillasaurus that was mutated by nuclear radiation into Godzilla. Godzilla was portrayed by Kenpachiro Satsuma for the Heisei films while the special effects were directed by Koichi Kawakita, with the exception of The Return of Godzilla, for which the effects were directed by Teruyoshi Nakano.
Millennium era (1999–2004)
Toho rebooted the franchise for a second time with the 1999 film Godzilla 2000: Millennium starting the third era of Godzilla films, known as the Millennium series.[25][26] The Millennium series is treated similarly to an anthology series where each film is a standalone story, with the 1954 film serving as the only previous point of reference. Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla and Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. are the only films in the Millennium era to share continuity with each other and are also connected to 1961's Mothra.
After the release of 2004's Godzilla: Final Wars, marking the 50th anniversary of the Godzilla film franchise, Toho decided to put the series on hiatus for another 10 years. Toho also demolished the water stage on its lot used in numerous Godzilla, kaiju and tokusatsu films.[27] Yoshimitsu Banno, who had directed 1971's Godzilla vs. Hedorah, secured the rights from Toho to make an IMAX 3D short film production, based on a story similar to his Hedorah film. This project eventually led to the development of Legendary's Godzilla. Tsutomu Kitagawa portrayed Godzilla for the majority of the Millennium films, with the exception of Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack, in which Godzilla was portrayed by Mizuho Yoshida. Unlike the Shōwa and later Heisei films, the special effects for the Millennium films were directed by multiple effects directors such as Kenji Suzuki (Godzilla 2000, Godzilla vs. Megaguirus), Makoto Kamiya (Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack), Yuichi Kikuchi (Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla), and Eiichi Asada (Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S., Godzilla: Final Wars).
Reiwa era (2016–present)
In December 2014, Toho announced plans for a new Godzilla film of its own for a 2016 release.[28] The film is Toho's reboot of the Godzilla franchise, after Legendary Pictures' reboot in 2014; the film is co-directed by Hideaki Anno and Shinji Higuchi (both of whom collaborated on the anime Neon Genesis Evangelion), with the screenplay by Anno and the visual effects directed by Higuchi.[29][30][31] Principal photography began in September and ended in October with the special effects work following in November that year.[32][33] Shin Godzilla was released in Japan on July 29, 2016, in IMAX, 4DX, and MX4D to positive reviews and was a box office success.[34]
In August 2016, Toho announced plans for a trilogy of anime Godzilla films with Polygon Pictures animating the films and Netflix distributing the trilogy worldwide, except in Japan where each film will be given a theatrical release by Toho.[35][36] The first film, titled Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters, was released on November 17, 2017.[37] The second film, titled Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle, was released on May 18, 2018.[38] The third and final film in the trilogy, titled Godzilla: The Planet Eater, was released on November 9, 2018.[39]
In January 2018, Toho announced its plans to invest ¥15 billion (US$135 million) for the next three years beginning in 2019 to co-produce content with Hollywood and Chinese studios who have licensed Toho's properties, such as Godzilla, Your Name and Pokémon. Toho would invest 25% in production costs and would earn a higher share in revenue and manage creators rights, so its creative input would be reflected in each work.[40] In May 2018, Toho's Chief Godzilla Officer Keiji Ota revealed that a sequel to Shin Godzilla would not happen, but expressed interest in a potential shared cinematic series between Godzilla and other Toho monsters akin to the Marvel Cinematic Universe.[41]
In 2019, Toho invested ¥15.4 billion (US$140 million) into its Los Angeles-based subsidiary Toho International Inc. as part of its "Toho Vision 2021 Medium-term Management Strategy", a strategy to increase content, platform, real-estate, surpass ¥50 billion in profits, and increase character businesses on Toho intellectual properties such as Godzilla. Hiroyasu Matsuoka was named the representative director of the project.[42] In 2019, Toho launched the first official English website and the first official English Twitter and Instagram for the franchise.[43][44]
In June 2019, Toho revealed plans to present the Toho Godzilla at the San Diego Comic-Con for the first time to commemorate the franchise's 65th anniversary, as well as being part of its plan to expand the franchise in the United States.[45] At the San Diego Comic-Con, Akito Takahashi, the project manager of Toho's Godzilla Strategic Conference, revealed Toho's intentions to have the Toho and Legendary Godzilla films expand together. He also revealed that the option to reintroduce political themes and old or new monsters would be available to filmmakers, should they choose to pursue it. Akito also expressed interest in re-introducing Mechagodzilla and Jet Jaguar in the future.[46][47]
In October 2020, Toho announced plans for an anime series titled Godzilla Singular Point released on Netflix in 2021, revealing artwork for Godzilla and its principal characters. The project was directed by Atsushi Takahashi, with music by Kan Sawada, written by Toh Enjoe, character designs by Kazue Kato, and animations by Eiji Yamamori. The series was produced by Bones Inc. in partnership with Orange Co., Ltd., featured hand-drawn and CG animation, and had no relation to Polygon's anime film trilogy.[48]
On November 3, 2022, during the franchise's 68th anniversary known as "Godzilla Day", Toho announced plans to release a new live-action Godzilla film, Godzilla Minus One, on November 3, 2023, to commemorate the franchise's 70th anniversary. Toho also stated that Takashi Yamazaki was the director, writer, and visual effects supervisor for this new film and that it had entered post-production after recently completed filming.[49] According to Collider, Minus One became the most commercially successful Japanese film in the series and "helped the Godzilla series become more popular than ever before".[50] In 2024, Minus One won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, becoming the first Godzilla film to win an Academy Award, as well as the first Japanese film to win Best Visual Effects.[51]
American films
The Volcano Monsters (1957)
The producers of Godzilla, King of the Monsters! – Harry Rybnick, Richard Kay, Edward Barison, Paul Schreibman, and Edmund Goldman – purchased the North American rights to the 1955 sequel Godzilla Raids Again but rather than localize or dub the film in English, they chose to produce a new film that would repurpose the effects footage from Godzilla Raids Again; filming was expected to begin in June 1957. Rybnick hired Ib Melchior and Edwin Watson to write a script, titled The Volcano Monsters, that focused on a new story with American characters centered around the effects footage. Toho approved of the idea in early 1957 and shipped the Godzilla and Anguirus suits for additional photography to be shot at Howard A. Anderson's special effects studio. Rybnick and Barison originally made a deal with AB-PT Pictures Corp. to co-finance the film but plans for The Volcano Monsters were cancelled after AB-PT Pictures folded. Schreibman, Goldman, and new financier Newton P. Jacobs, decided to dub Godzilla Raids Again into English instead.[52][53]
Unproduced 3D film (1983)
In 1983, director Steve Miner pitched his idea for an American 3D production of Godzilla to Toho, with storyboards by William Stout and a script written by Fred Dekker, titled Godzilla: King of the Monsters in 3D, which would have featured Godzilla rampaging through San Francisco in an attempt to find its offspring.[55] Various studios and producers expressed interest but passed it over due to high budget concerns.[56] The film would have featured a full scale animatronic Godzilla head built by Rick Baker, stop motion animation executed by David W. Allen, an articulated stop motion Godzilla figure created by Stephen Czerkas, and additional storyboards by Doug Wildey.[57][58] The production design would have been overseen by William Stout.[59]
TriStar Pictures (1998–2000)
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In October 1992, TriStar Pictures acquired the rights from Toho with plans to produce a trilogy.[67] Director Jan de Bont and writers Terry Rossio and Ted Eliott developed a script that had Godzilla battling a shape-shifting alien called "the Gryphon". De Bont later left the project after budget disagreements with the studio.[68] Roland Emmerich was hired to direct and co-write a new script with producer Dean Devlin.
A co-production between Centropolis Entertainment, Fried Films, Independent Pictures, and TriStar Pictures,[7] Godzilla was theatrically released on May 20, 1998, to negative reviews[69][70] and grossed $379 million worldwide against a production budget between $130–150 million.[71][72] Despite grossing nearly three times its budget,[73] it was considered a box office disappointment.[74][75] Two planned sequels were cancelled and an animated TV series was produced instead.[76] TriStar let the license expire in 2003. In 2004, Toho began trademarking new iterations of TriStar's Godzilla as "Zilla", with only the incarnations from the 1998 film and animated TV series retaining the Godzilla copyright/trademark.[70][77]
Legendary Pictures (2014–present)
In 2004, director Yoshimitsu Banno acquired permission from Toho to produce a short IMAX Godzilla film. In 2009, the project was turned over to Legendary Pictures to be redeveloped as a feature film.[78] Announced in March 2010, the film was co-produced with Warner Bros. Pictures and was directed by Gareth Edwards.[79][80]
Godzilla was theatrically released on May 16, 2014, to positive reviews[81][82] and was a box office success, grossing $529 million worldwide against a production budget of $160 million.[83] The film's success prompted Toho to produce a reboot of their own and Legendary to proceed with sequels and a shared cinematic franchise dubbed the MonsterVerse:[84] with Godzilla: King of the Monsters released on May 31, 2019;[85] Godzilla vs. Kong released on March 24, 2021;[86][87] the TV series Monarch: Legacy of Monsters released on November 17, 2023, on Apple TV+; and Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire released on March 29, 2024.[88]
Filmography
Toho films
| # | Title | Year | Director(s) | Effects director(s) | Monster co-star(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shōwa era (1954–1975) | |||||
| 1 | 1954 | Ishirō Honda | Eiji Tsuburaya | — | |
| 2 | 1955 | Motoyoshi Oda | Anguirus | ||
| 3 | King Kong vs. Godzilla | 1962 | Ishirō Honda | King Kong, the Oodako[d] | |
| 4 | 1964 | Mothra | |||
| 5 | King Ghidorah, Rodan, Mothra | ||||
| 6 | 1965 | King Ghidorah, Rodan | |||
| 7 | 1966 | Jun Fukuda | Sadamasa Arikawa | Ebirah, Mothra, the Ookondoru[e] | |
| 8 | Son of Godzilla | 1967 | Minilla, Kumonga, Kamacuras | ||
| 9 | Destroy All Monsters | 1968 | Ishirō Honda | King Ghidorah, Rodan, Mothra, Anguirus, Minilla, Kumonga, Manda, Gorosaurus, Baragon, Varan | |
| 10 | 1969 | Ishirō Honda Teruyoshi Nakano |
Gabara, Minilla | ||
| 11 | 1971 | Yoshimitsu Banno | Teruyoshi Nakano | Hedorah | |
| 12 | 1972 | Jun Fukuda | Gigan, King Ghidorah, Anguirus[f] | ||
| 13 | Godzilla vs. Megalon | 1973 | Megalon, Jet Jaguar, Gigan, Anguirus | ||
| 14 | 1974 | Mechagodzilla, King Caesar, Anguirus | |||
| 15 | 1975 | Ishirō Honda | Mechagodzilla 2, Titanosaurus | ||
| Heisei era (1984–1995) | |||||
| 16 | 1984 | Kōji Hashimoto | Teruyoshi Nakano | Shockirus[g] (Giant Sea Lice)[93] | |
| 17 | Godzilla vs. Biollante | 1989 | Kazuki Ōmori | Kōichi Kawakita | Biollante |
| 18 | Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah | 1991 | King Ghidorah, Mecha-King Ghidorah, the Dorats, Godzillasaurus | ||
| 19 | 1992 | Takao Ōkawara | Mothra, Battra | ||
| 20 | 1993 | Mechagodzilla, Super Mechagodzilla, Rodan, Fire Rodan, Baby Godzilla | |||
| 21 | Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla | 1994 | Kenshō Yamashita | SpaceGodzilla, Moguera, Fairy Mothra, Little Godzilla | |
| 22 | 1995 | Takao Ōkawara | Destoroyah, Godzilla Junior | ||
| Millennium era (1999–2004) | |||||
| 23 | 1999 | Takao Ōkawara | Kenji Suzuki | Orga, the Millennian | |
| 24 | 2000 | Masaaki Tezuka | Megaguirus, the Meganulons, the Meganulas | ||
| 25 |
Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack |
2001 | Shūsuke Kaneko | Makoto Kamiya | King Ghidorah, Mothra, Baragon |
| 26 | 2002 | Masaaki Tezuka | Yūichi Kikuchi | Mechagodzilla[h] | |
| 27 | 2003 | Eiichi Asada | Mechagodzilla,[h] Mothra, Kamoebas | ||
| 28 | Godzilla: Final Wars | 2004 | Ryūhei Kitamura | Monster X, Keizer Ghidorah, Zilla, Rodan, Mothra, Gigan, King Caesar, Anguirus, Minilla, Kumonga, Kamacuras, Manda, Hedorah, Ebirah | |
| Reiwa era (2016–present)[i] | |||||
| 29 | Shin Godzilla | 2016 | Hideaki Anno Shinji Higuchi |
Shinji Higuchi Katsuro Onoue |
—
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