A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ni) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Naturally occurring nickel (28Ni) is composed of five stable isotopes; 58
Ni
, 60
Ni
, 61
Ni
, 62
Ni
and 64
Ni
, with 58
Ni
being the most abundant (68.077% natural abundance).[4] 26 radioisotopes have been characterised with the most stable being 59
Ni
with a half-life of 76,000 years, 63
Ni
with a half-life of 100.1 years, and 56
Ni
with a half-life of 6.077 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 60 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 30 seconds. This element also has 8 meta states.
List of isotopes
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life [n 4] |
Decay mode [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6] |
Spin and parity [n 7][n 4] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||
48 Ni |
28 | 20 | 48.01975(54)# | 2.8(8) ms | 2p (70%) | 46Fe | 0+ | ||
β+ (30%) | 48Co | ||||||||
49 Ni |
28 | 21 | 49.00966(43)# | 13(4) ms |
β+, p (83.4%) | 48Fe | 7/2−# | ||
β+ (16.6%) | 49Co | ||||||||
50 Ni |
28 | 22 | 49.99593(28)# | 18.5(12) ms | β+, p (73%) | 49Fe | 0+ | ||
β+, 2p (14%) | 48Mn | ||||||||
β+ (13%) | 50Co | ||||||||
51 Ni |
28 | 23 | 50.98772(28)# | 23.8(2) ms | β+, p (87.2%) | 50Fe | 7/2−# | ||
β+ (12.3%) | 51Co | ||||||||
β+, 2p (0.5%) | 49Mn | ||||||||
52 Ni |
28 | 24 | 51.97568(9)# | 38(5) ms | β+ (83%) | 52Co | 0+ | ||
β+, p (17%) | 51Fe | ||||||||
53 Ni |
28 | 25 | 52.96847(17)# | 45(15) ms | β+ (55%) | 53Co | (7/2−)# | ||
β+, p (45%) | 52Fe | ||||||||
54 Ni |
28 | 26 | 53.95791(5) | 104(7) ms | β+ | 54Co | 0+ | ||
55 Ni |
28 | 27 | 54.951330(12) | 204.7(17) ms | β+ | 55Co | 7/2− | ||
56 Ni |
28 | 28 | 55.942132(12) | 6.075(10) d | β+ | 56 Co |
0+ | ||
57 Ni |
28 | 29 | 56.9397935(19) | 35.60(6) h | β+ | 57 Co |
3/2− | ||
58 Ni |
28 | 30 | 57.9353429(7) | Observationally stable[n 8] | 0+ | 0.680769(89) | |||
59 Ni |
28 | 31 | 58.9343467(7) | 7.6(5)×104 y | EC (99%) | 59 Co |
3/2− | ||
β+ (1.5×10−5%)[5] | |||||||||
60 Ni |
28 | 32 | 59.9307864(7) | Stable | 0+ | 0.262231(77) | |||
61 Ni |
28 | 33 | 60.9310560(7) | Stable | 3/2− | 0.011399(6) | |||
62 Ni [n 9] |
28 | 34 | 61.9283451(6) | Stable | 0+ | 0.036345(17) | |||
63 Ni |
28 | 35 | 62.9296694(6) | 100.1(20) y | β− | 63 Cu |
1/2− | ||
63m Ni |
87.15(11) keV | 1.67(3) μs | 5/2− | ||||||
64 Ni |
28 | 36 | 63.9279660(7) | Stable | 0+ | 0.009256(9) | |||
65 Ni |
28 | 37 | 64.9300843(7) | 2.5172(3) h | β− | 65 Cu |
5/2− | ||
65m Ni |
63.37(5) keV | 69(3) μs | 1/2− | ||||||
66 Ni |
28 | 38 | 65.9291393(15) | 54.6(3) h | β− | 66 Cu |
0+ | ||
67 Ni |
28 | 39 | 66.931569(3) | 21(1) s | β− | 67 Cu |
1/2− | ||
67m Ni |
1007(3) keV | 13.3(2) μs | β− | 67 Cu |
9/2+ | ||||
IT | 67Ni | ||||||||
68 Ni |
28 | 40 | 67.931869(3) | 29(2) s | β− | 68 Cu |
0+ | ||
68m1 Ni |
1770.0(10) keV | 276(65) ns | 0+ | ||||||
68m2 Ni |
2849.1(3) keV | 860(50) μs | 5− | ||||||
69 Ni |
28 | 41 | 68.935610(4) | 11.5(3) s | β− | 69 Cu |
9/2+ | ||
69m1 Ni |
321(2) keV | 3.5(4) s | β− | 69 Cu |
(1/2−) | ||||
IT | 69Ni | ||||||||
69m2 Ni |
2701(10) keV | 439(3) ns | (17/2−) | ||||||
70 Ni |
28 | 42 | 69.93650(37) | 6.0(3) s | β− | 70 Cu |
0+ | ||
70m Ni |
2860(2) keV | 232(1) ns | 8+ | ||||||
71 Ni |
28 | 43 | 70.94074(40) | 2.56(3) s | β− | 71 Cu |
1/2−# | ||
72 Ni |
28 | 44 | 71.94209(47) | 1.57(5) s | β− (>99.9%) | 72 Cu |
0+ | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 71 Cu | ||||||||
73 Ni |
28 | 45 | 72.94647(32)# | 0.84(3) s | β− (>99.9%) | 73 Cu |
(9/2+) | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 72 Cu | ||||||||
74 Ni |
28 | 46 | 73.94807(43)# | 0.68(18) s | β− (>99.9%) | 74 Cu |
0+ | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 73 Cu | ||||||||
75 Ni |
28 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Isotopes_of_nickel