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Isotopes of cadmium (₄₈Cd)

Main isotopes[1] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 106Cd 1.25% stable 107Cd synth 6.5 h ε 107Ag 108Cd 0.89% stable 109Cd synth 462.6 d ε 109Ag 110Cd 12.5% stable 111Cd 12.8% stable 112Cd 24.1% stable 113Cd 12.2% 8.04×1015 y β− 113In 113mCd synth 14.1 y β− 113In IT 113Cd 114Cd 28.8% stable 115Cd synth 53.46 h β− 115In 116Cd 7.51% 2.8×1019 y β−β− 116Sn
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Cd)
	112.414±0.004[2] 112.41±0.01 (abridged)[3]
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Naturally occurring cadmium (₄₈Cd) is composed of 8 isotopes. For two of them, natural radioactivity was observed, and three others are predicted to be radioactive but their decays have not been observed, due to extremely long half-lives. The two natural radioactive isotopes are ¹¹³Cd (beta decay, half-life is 8.04 × 10¹⁵ years) and ¹¹⁶Cd (two-neutrino double beta decay, half-life is 2.8 × 10¹⁹ years). The other three are ¹⁰⁶Cd, ¹⁰⁸Cd (double electron capture), and ¹¹⁴Cd (double beta decay); only lower limits on their half-life times have been set. Three isotopes—¹¹⁰Cd, ¹¹¹Cd, and ¹¹²Cd—are theoretically stable. Among the isotopes absent in natural cadmium, the most long-lived are ¹⁰⁹Cd with a half-life of 462.6 days, and ¹¹⁵Cd with a half-life of 53.46 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 2.5 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 5 minutes. This element also has 12 known meta states, with the most stable being ^113mCd (t_1/2 14.1 years), ^115mCd (t_1/2 44.6 days) and ^117mCd (t_1/2 3.36 hours).

The known isotopes of cadmium range in atomic mass from 94.950 u (⁹⁵Cd) to 131.946 u (¹³²Cd). The primary decay mode before the second most abundant stable isotope, ¹¹²Cd, is electron capture and the primary modes after are beta emission and electron capture. The primary decay product before ¹¹²Cd is element 47 (silver) and the primary product after is element 49 (indium).

A 2021 study has shown at high ionic strengths, Cd isotope fractionation mainly depends on its complexation with carboxylic sites. At low ionic strengths, nonspecific Cd binding induced by electrostatic attractions plays a dominant role and promotes Cd isotope fractionation during complexation.^[4]

List of isotopes

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Isotopes_of_cadmium
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Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3]	Half-life [n 4]	Decay mode [n 5]	Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 9]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
	Excitation energy[n 9]							Normal proportion	Range of variation
95Cd	48	47	94.94987(64)#	5# ms			9/2+#
96Cd	48	48	95.93977(54)#	1# s	β+	96Ag	0+
97Cd	48	49	96.93494(43)#	2.8(6) s	β+ (>99.9%)	97Ag	9/2+#
					β+, p (<.1%)	96Pd
98Cd	48	50	97.92740(8)	9.2(3) s	β+ (99.975%)	98Ag	0+
					β+, p (.025%)	97Ag
98mCd	2427.5(6) keV			190(20) ns			8+#
99Cd	48	51	98.92501(22)#	16(3) s	β+ (99.78%)	99Ag	(5/2+)
					β+, p (.21%)	98Pd
					β+, α (10−4%)	95Rh
100Cd	48	52	99.92029(10)	49.1(5) s	β+	100Ag	0+
101Cd	48	53	100.91868(16)	1.36(5) min	β+	101Ag	(5/2+)
102Cd	48	54	101.91446(3)	5.5(5) min	β+	102Ag	0+
103Cd	48	55	102.913419(17)	7.3(1) min	β+	103Ag	5/2+
104Cd	48	56	103.909849(10)	57.7(10) min	β+	104Ag	0+
105Cd	48	57	104.909468(12)	55.5(4) min	β+	105Ag	5/2+
106Cd	48	58	105.906459(6)	Observationally Stable[n 10]			0+	0.0125(6)
107Cd	48	59	106.906618(6)	6.50(2) h	β+	107mAg	5/2+
108Cd	48	60	107.904184(6)	Observationally Stable[n 11]			0+	0.0089(3)
109Cd	48	61	108.904982(4)	461.4(12) d	EC	109Ag	5/2+
109m1Cd	59.6(4) keV			12(2) μs			1/2+
109m2Cd	463.0(5) keV			10.9(5) μs			11/2
110Cd	48	62	109.9030021(29)	Stable			0+	0.1249(18)
111Cd[n 12]	48	63	110.9041781(29)	Stable			1/2+	0.1280(12)
111mCd	396.214(21) keV			48.50(9) min	IT	111Cd	11/2−
112Cd[n 12]	48	64	111.9027578(29)	Stable			0+	0.2413(21)
113Cd[n 12][n 13]	48	65	112.9044017(29)	8.04(5)×1015 y	β−	113In	1/2+	0.1222(12)
113mCd[n 12]	263.54(3) keV			14.1(5) y	β− (99.86%)	113In	11/2−
					IT (.139%)	113Cd
114Cd[n 12]	48	66	113.9033585(29)	Observationally Stable[n 14]			0+	0.2873(42)
115Cd[n 12]	48	67	114.9054310(29)	53.46(5) h	β−	115mIn	1/2+
115mCd	181.0(5) keV			44.56(24) d	β−	115mIn	(11/2)−
116Cd[n 12][n 13]	48	68	115.904756(3)	2.8(2)×1019 y	β−β−	116Sn	0+	0.0749(18)
117Cd	48	69	116.907219(4)	2.49(4) h	β−	117mIn	1/2+
117mCd	136.4(2) keV			3.36(5) h	β−	117mIn	(11/2)−
118Cd	48	70	117.906915(22)	50.3(2) min	β−	118In	0+
119Cd	48	71	118.90992(9)	2.69(2) min	β−	119mIn	(3/2+)
119mCd	146.54(11) keV			2.20(2) min	β−	119mIn