Hydra (operating system)

Hydra
Developer	Carnegie Mellon University
Written in	BLISS
OS family	Capability-based
Working state	Discontinued
Initial release	1971; 53 years ago
Final release	Final / 1975; 49 years ago
Marketing target	Research
Available in	English
Update method	Compile from source code
Kernel type	Microkernel
Default; user interface	Command-line interface

Hydra (stylized as HYDRA) is an early, discontinued, capability-based, object-oriented microkernel designed to support a wide range of possible operating systems to run on it.^[1] Hydra was created as part of the C.mmp project at Carnegie Mellon University in 1971.^[2]

The name is based on the ancient Greek mythological creature the hydra.

Hydra was designed to be modular and secure, and intended to be flexible enough for easy experimentation.^[3] The system was implemented in the programming language BLISS.^[4]

References

^ Wulf 74 pp. 337–345
^ Siewiorek, Daniel P.; Bell, C. Gordon; Newell, Allen; Mashburn, Henry M. (1982). Computer Structures: Principles and Examples. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill.
^ Levy, Henry M. (1984). Capability-Based Computer Systems (PDF). Digital Press.
^ Wulf, William A.; Harbison, Samual P. Reflections in a pool of processors: An experience report on C.mmp/Hydra (PDF) (Report). p. 945.

Levin, R.; Cohen, E.; Corwin, W.; Pollack, F.; Wulf, William (November 1, 1975). "Policy/mechanism separation in Hydra". Proceedings of the fifth ACM symposium on operating systems principles. pp. 132–140. doi:10.1145/800213.806531. S2CID 10524544.
Wulf, William; Cohen, E.; Corwin, W.; Jones, A.; Levin, R.; Pierson, C.; Pollack, F. (June 1974). Hydra: The Kernel of a Multiprocessor Operating System. Vol. 17. pp. 337–345. doi:10.1145/355616.364017. S2CID 8011765. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 1, 2007.

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[Wulf74-1] Wulf 74 pp. 337–345

[2] Siewiorek, Daniel P.; Bell, C. Gordon; Newell, Allen; Mashburn, Henry M. (1982). Computer Structures: Principles and Examples. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill.

[3] Levy, Henry M. (1984). Capability-Based Computer Systems (PDF). Digital Press.

[4] Wulf, William A.; Harbison, Samual P. Reflections in a pool of processors: An experience report on C.mmp/Hydra (PDF) (Report). p. 945.

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v t e Object-capability security
Concepts	Principle of least privilege (PoLP) Confused deputy problem Ambient authority File descriptor C-list Object-capability model Capability-based security Capability-based addressing Zooko's triangle Petnames
Operating systems, kernels	Capsicum Fuchsia Genode GNOSIS → KeyKOS → EROS → CapROS Hydra iMAX 432 Midori NLTSS seL4 HarmonyOS (HarmonyOS NEXT) Phantom OS
Programming languages	Cajita E Joe-E Joule
File systems	Tahoe-LAFS
Specialised hardware	BiiN Cambridge CAP Flex IBM System/38 Intel iAPX 432 Plessey System 250