History of the Jews in Russia and Soviet Union

Russian Jews
יהדות רוסיה (Hebrew); Русские евреи (Russian); רוסישע ייִדן (Yiddish);
	The Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center in Moscow, the largest Jewish museum in Russia.
Regions with significant populations
Israel	1,200,000
United States	350,000
Germany	178,500
Russia	83,896 according to the 2021 census
Australia	10,000–11,000
Languages
	Hebrew, Russian, Yiddish
Religion
	Judaism (31%), Jewish atheism (27%), Non-religious (25%), Christianity (17%)
Related ethnic groups
	Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardi Jews, Ukrainian Jews, Belarusian Jews, Lithuanian Jews, Latvian Jews, Czech Jews, Hungarian Jews, Polish Jews, Slovak Jews, Jews in Siberia, Serbian Jews, Romanian Jews, Turkish Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Georgian Jews, Mountain Jews, Bukharan Jews, American Jews

The history of the Jews in Russia and areas historically connected with it goes back at least 1,500 years. Jews in Russia have historically constituted a large religious and ethnic diaspora; the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world.^[9] Within these territories, the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecution, including violent pogroms. Some have described a "renaissance" in the Jewish community inside Russia since the beginning of the 21st century;^[10] however, the Russian Jewish population has experienced precipitous decline since the dissolution of the USSR which continues to this day, although it is still among the largest in Europe.^[11]

Overview and background

The largest group among Russian Jews are Ashkenazi Jews, but the community also includes a significant proportion of other non-Ashkenazi from other Jewish diaspora including Mountain Jews, Sephardi Jews, Georgian Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks and Bukharan Jews. Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia_and_Soviet_Union
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