HD 31527 - Biblioteka.sk

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HD 31527
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Number of extrasolar planet discoveries per year through 2023. Colors indicate method of detection.

From the total of 4,169 stars known to have exoplanets (as of May 1, 2024), there are a total of 896 known multiplanetary systems,[1] or stars with at least two confirmed planets, beyond the Solar System. This list includes systems with at least three confirmed planets or two confirmed planets where additional candidates have been proposed. The stars with the most confirmed planets are the Sun (the Solar System's star) and Kepler-90, with 8 confirmed planets each, followed by TRAPPIST-1 with 7 planets.

The 896 multiplanetary systems are listed below according to the star's distance from Earth. Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Solar System, has three planets (b, c and d). The nearest system with four or more confirmed planets is Gliese 876, with four known.[citation needed] The farthest confirmed multiplanetary system is OGLE-2012-BLG-0026L, at 13,300 light-years (4,100 pc) away.[2]

The table below contains information about the coordinates, spectral and physical properties, and the number of confirmed (unconfirmed) planets for systems with at least 2 planets and 1 not confirmed. The two most important stellar properties are mass and metallicity because they determine how these planetary systems form. Systems with higher mass and metallicity tend to have more planets and more massive planets. However, although low metallicity stars tend to have fewer massive planets, particularly hot-Jupiters, they also tend to have a larger number of close-in planets, orbiting at less than 1 AU.[3]

Multiplanetary systems

Color indicates number of planets
2 (x) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Star
Constellation
Right
ascension

Declination
Apparent
magnitude

Distance (ly)
Spectral
type

Mass
(M)
Temperature (K)
Age
(Gyr)
Confirmed
(unconfirmed)
planets
Notes
Sun - - −26.74 0.000016 G2V 1 5778 4.572 8 (1) The hypothesised Planet Nine remains unconfirmed.
Proxima Centauri Centaurus 14h 29m 42.94853s −62° 40′ 46.1631″ 10.43 to 11.11[4] 4.244 M5.5Ve[5] 0.122 3042 4.85 2 (1) Closest star to the Sun and closest star to the Sun with a multiplanetary system. Planet b is potentially habitable.[6][7] Planet c initially appeared likely but has since been disputed.[8]
Lalande 21185 Ursa Major 11h 03m 20.1940s +35° 58′ 11.5682″ 7.520[9] 8.3044±0.0007 M2V 0.39 3601±51 8.047 2 (1) Brightest red dwarf star in the northern celestial hemisphere.[10][11]
Lacaille 9352 Piscis Austrinus 23h 05m 52.04s −35° 51′ 11.05″ 7.34 10.721 M0.5V 0.486 3688±86 4.57 2 (1) The unconfirmed planet d is potentially habitable.[12]
Luyten's Star Canis Minor 07h 27m 24.4991s 05° 13′ 32.827″ 9.872 11.20 M3.5V 0.26 3150 unknown 2 (2) Stellar activity level and rotational rate suggest an age higher than 8 billion years.[13] Planet b is potentially habitable.[14]
YZ Ceti Cetus 01h 12m 30.64s −16° 59′ 56.3″ 12.07 11.74 M4.5V 0.13 3056 4 3 (1) Flare star.[15]
Gliese 1061 Horologium 03h 35m 59.69s −44° 30′ 45.3″ 13.03 12.04 M5.5V 0.113 2953 unknown 3 Planets c and d are potentially habitable.[16]
Teegarden's Star Aries 02h 53m 00.89s +16° 52′ 53″ 15.13 12.497 M7V 0.097 3034 8 3 Teegarden's Star b and Teegarden's Star c are likely Earth-mass planets that orbit in the habitable zone.[17]
Wolf 1061 Ophiuchus 16h 30m 18.0584s −12° 39′ 45.325″ 10.07 14.050 ± 0.002 M3.5V 0.294 3342 unknown 3 Planet c is potentially habitable.[18][19][20]
Gliese 876 Aquarius 22h 53m 16.73s −14° 15′ 49.3″ 10.17 15.25 M4V 0.334 3348 4.893 4 Planet b is a gas giant which orbits in the habitable zone.[21]
82 G. Eridani Eridanus 03h 19m 55.65s −43° 04′ 11.2″ 4.254 19.71 G8V 0.7 5401 5.76 3 (3) This star also has a dust disk[22] with a semi-major axis at approximately 19 AU.[23]
Gliese 581 Libra 15h 19m 26.83s −07° 43′ 20.2″ 10.56 20.56 M3V 0.311 3484 4.326 3 (2) The unconfirmed planets d and g are potentially habitable.[24]
Gliese 667 C Scorpius 17h 18m 57.16s −34° 59′ 23.14″ 10.20 21 M1.5V 0.31 3700 2 2 (1) Triple star system - all exoplanets orbit around Star C. Planet c is potentially habitable, and there are more unconfirmed planets.[25][26][27]
HD 219134 Cassiopeia 23h 13m 14.74s 57° 10′ 03.5″ 5.57 21 K3Vvar 0.794 4699 12.66 6 Closest star to the Sun with exactly six[28] exoplanets, and closest K-type main sequence star to the Sun with a multiplanetary system. One of the oldest stars with a multiplanetary system, although it is still more metal-rich than the Sun. None of the known planets is in the habitable zone.[29]
61 Virginis Virgo 13h 18m 24.31s −18° 18′ 40.3″ 4.74 28 G5V 0.954 5531 8.96 2 (1) Planet d remains unconfirmed,[30] and a 2021 study found that it was likely a false positive.[31] 61 Virginis also has a debris disk.
Gliese 433 Hydra 11h 35m 26.9485s −25° 10′ 08.9″ 9.79 29.8±0.1 M1.5V 0.48 3550±100 unknown 3 An infrared excess around this star suggests a circumstellar disk.[32]
Gliese 357 Hydra 09h 36m 01.6373s −21° 39′ 38.878″ 10.906 30.776 M2.5V 0.362 3488 unknown 3 Planet d is a potentially habitable Super-Earth.[33][34][35][36]
L 98-59 Volans 08h 18m 07.62s −68° 18′ 46.8″ 11.69 34.6 M3V 0.312 3412 unknown 4 (1) The unconfirmed planet f orbits in the habitable zone.[37]
Gliese 414 A Ursa Major 11h 11m 05.88s 30° 26′ 42.61″ 8.31 38.76 K7V 0.65 4120 12.4 2 (0) [38][39]
Gliese 806 Cygnus 20h 45m 04.099s +44° 29′ 56.6″ 10.79 39.3 M1.5V 0.423 3586 3 2 (1) -
TRAPPIST-1 Aquarius 23h 06m 29.283s −05° 02′ 28.59″ 18.80 39.5 M8V 0.089 2550 7.6 7 Planets d, e, f and g are potentially habitable. Only star known with exactly seven confirmed planets. All seven terrestrial planets lie within only 0.07 AU of the star.
55 Cancri Cancer 08h 52m 35.81s +28° 19′ 50.9″ 5.95 40 K0IV-V 1.026 5217 7.4 5 All five known planets orbit around star A (none are circumbinary or orbit around star B). Closest system with exactly five confirmed planets.
Gliese 180 Eridanus 04h 53m 49.9798s −17° 46′ 24.294″ 10.894 40.3 M2V[40] or M3V[41] 0.39 3562 unknown 3 The habitability of planets b and c is disputed.[42][43]
HD 69830 Puppis 08h 18m 23.95s −12° 37′ 55.8″ 5.95 41 K0V 0.856 5385 7.446 3 A debris disk exterior to the three exoplanets was detected by the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2005.[44]
HD 40307 Pictor 05h 54m 04.24s −60° 01′ 24.5″ 7.17 42 K2.5V 0.752 4977 1.198 4 (2) The existence of planets e and g are disputed.[45] If confirmed, planet g is potentially habitable.[46]
Upsilon Andromedae Andromeda 01h 36m 47.84s +41° 24′ 19.7″ 4.09 44 F8V 1.27 6107 3.781 3 (1) Nearest F-type main sequence star with a multiplanetary system. Second-brightest star in the night sky with a multiplanetary system after 7 Canis Majoris. All exoplanets orbit around star A in the binary system.
47 Ursae Majoris Ursa Major 10h 59m 27.97s +40° 25′ 48.9″ 5.10 46 G0V 1.029 5892 7.434 3 Planet b was discovered in 1996 and was one of the first exoplanets to be discovered.[47] The planet was the first long-period extrasolar planet discovered. The other planets were discovered later.[48]
Nu2 Lupi Lupus 15h 21m 49.57s −48° 19′ 01.1″ 5.65 47 G2V 0.906 5664 10.36 3 One of the oldest stars in the solar neighbourhood.[49][50][51]
LHS 1140 Cetus 00h 44m 59.31s −15° 16′ 16.7″ 14.18 48.9 M4.5V[52] 0.179 3216±39 5 2 (1) Planet b is a potentially habitable Super-Earth.[53]
Gliese 163 Dorado 04h 09m 16s −53° 22′ 25″ 11.8 49 M3.5V 0.4 unknown 3 5 Planet c is possibly a potentially habitable Super-Earth but is probably too hot or massive.[54][55]
Mu Arae Ara 17h 44m 08.70s −51° 50′ 02.6″ 5.15 51 G3IV-V 1.077 5704 6.413 4 Planet b orbits in the circumstellar habitable zone. However, it is a gas giant, so it itself is uninhabitable although a large moon orbiting around it may be habitable.
GJ 3929 Corona Borealis 15h 58m 18.8s 35° 24′ 24.3″ 12.67 51.58 M3.5V 0.313 3384 unknown 2 (0) [56][57]
Gliese 676 A Ara 17h 30m 11.2042s −51° 38′ 13.116″ 9.59 53 M0V 0.71 unknown unknown 4 Held the record for widest range of masses in a planetary system in 2012.[58]
HD 7924 Cassiopeia 01h 21m 59.12s +76° 42′ 37.0″ 7.19 55 K0V 0.832 5177 unknown 3 These planets may be potentially habitable Super-Earths.[59]
Pi Mensae Mensa 05h 37m 09.8851s −80° 28′ 08.8313″ 5.65 59.62±0.07 G0V 1.11 6013 3.4 3 Outer planet is likely a brown dwarf.[60]
Gliese 3293 Eridanus 04h 28m 35.72s −25° 10′ 08.9″ 11.96 59 M2.5V 0.42 3466±49 unknown 4 Planets b and d orbit in the habitable zone.[61]
LHS 1678 Caelum 04h 32m 43s −39° 47′ 21″ 12 64.8 M2V 0.345 3490 unknown 3 (0) [62]
HD 142 Phoenix 00h 06m 19.0s −49° 04′ 30″ 5.70 67 G1 IV 1.1 6180 5.93 3 -
HD 215152 Aquarius 22h 43m 21s −06° 24′ 03″ 8.13 70 G8IV 1.019 5646 7.32 4 A debris disk candidate as it has an infrared excess.[63]
HD 164922 Hercules 18h 02m 30.86s +26° 18′ 46.8″ 7.01 72 G9V[64] 0.874 5293 13.4 4 Oldest star with a multiplanetary system. Despite its age, it is more metal-rich than the Sun.[64]
HD 63433 Gemini 07h 49m 55.0s +27° 21′ 47.4″ 6.92 73 G5V 0.99 5640 0.4 3
HIP 57274 Ursa Major 11h 44m 41s +30° 57′ 33″ 8.96 85 K5V 0.73 4640 7.87 3 -
HD 39194 Mensa 05h 44m 32s −70° 08′ 37″ 8.08 86.2 K0V unknown 5205 unknown 3 The planets have eccentric orbits.[65]
LP 791-18 Crater 11h 02m 45.95s −16° 24′ 22.3″ 16.9 86.9 M6V/M7V 0.139 2960 0.5 3
HD 181433 Pavo 19h 25m 09.57s −66° 28′ 07.7″ 8.38 87 K5V 0.777 4962 8.974 3 -
HD 134606 Apus 15h 15m 15s −70° 31′ 11″ 6.85 87 G6IV unknown unknown unknown 5 The planets have moderately eccentric orbits.[66]
HD 158259 Draco 17h 25m 24.0s +52° 47′ 26″ 6.46 89 G0 1.08 unknown unknown 5 (1) A G-type star slightly more massive than the Sun.[67] Planet g remains unconfirmed.[67]
HD 82943 Hydra 09h 34m 50.74s −12° 07′ 46.4″ 6.54 90 F9V Fe+0.5[68] 1.175 5874 3.08 3 Planets b and c are in a 2:1 orbital resonance.[69] Planet b orbits in the habitable zone, but it and planet c are massive enough to be brown dwarfs. HD 82943 has an unusual lithium-6 abundance.[70]
Gliese 3138 Cetus 02h 09m 10.90s −16° 20′ 22.53″ 10.877 92.9 0.681 3717±49 unknown 3
GJ 9827 Pisces 23h 27m 04.84s −01° 17′ 10.59″ 10.10 96.8±0.2 K6V 0.593 4294±52 unknown 3 Also known as K2-135. Planet b is extremely dense, with at least half of its mass being iron.[71]
K2-239 Sextans 10h 42m 22.63s +04° 26′ 28.86″ 14.5 101.5 M3V 0.4 3420 unknown 3
TOI-700 Dorado 06h 28m 22.97s −65° 34′ 43.01″ 13.10 101.61 M2V 0.416 3480 1.5 4 Planets d and e are potentially habitable.[72][73][74]
HD 17926 Fornax 02h 51m 56.16s −30° 48′ 53.2″ 6.38 105 F6V 1.145 6201 unknown 3 The star has a red dwarf companion.[75]
HD 37124 Taurus 05h 37m 02.49s +20° 43′ 50.8″ 7.68 110 G4V 0.83 5606 3.327 3