Gondwana (Murail)

Gondwana (1980) is a defining musical composition of spectral music^[1] for large orchestra composed by Tristan Murail using simulated synthesis to create a harmonic interpolation between an orchestrally synthesized chord derived from a simulated bell sound (inharmonic) and a chord derived from a trombone sound (harmonic).^[2] This process is meant to evoke the shifting of continents and thus the piece is named after the former supercontinent Gondwana.^[3]

The piece uses interpolation to make a smooth transformation on all musical parameters including spectral profile, envelope, and instrumental attacks.^[4] The bell sounds were created through a Frequency Modulation (FM) synthesis with a single modulator affecting five carriers to create five different harmonies, these being connected by interpolated chords.^[5] The components of the trombone's frequency spectrum was derived through a Fourier transform.^[2]

The piece's long quiet or silent moments are shaped in "long, seamlessly evolving paragraphs" evoking the geological processes which created the continent. The first opening slowly transforms a chord before turning to trills.^[6] The opening chord has been compared to the work of Messiaen.^[1]^[7] The piece, "incorporates a substantial passage directly modelled upon," Sibelius's Lemminkäinen in Tuonela from the Four Lemminkäinen Legends op.22 (1896).^[8]

Sources

^ ^a ^b Staines, Joes (2010). The Rough Guide to Classical Music, p.372. ISBN 978-1-4053-8321-9. "The locus classicus of early spectral music".
^ ^a ^b Fineberg, Joshua (2000). Spectral Music: History and Techniques, p.69. (Overseas Publishers Association, published by license under the Harwood Academic Publishers imprint, ©2000) OCLC: 48862556. ISBN 978-90-5755-131-4.
^ Sanderson, Blaire. "Tristan Murail: Gondwana; Désintégrations; Time and Again". Retrieved 3 March 2022.
^ Fineberg (2000), p.108
^ Fineberg (2000), p.128-129.
^ "Murail Gondwana & Désintégrations", CompositionToday.com.
^ Griffiths, Paul (2011). Modern Music and After, p.344. ISBN 978-0-19-974050-5.
^ Grimley, Daniel M., ed. (2004). The Cambridge Companion to Sibelius, p.200. ISBN 978-0-521-89460-9.

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[Staines-1] Staines, Joes (2010). The Rough Guide to Classical Music, p.372. ISBN 978-1-4053-8321-9. "The locus classicus of early spectral music".

[Fineberg-2] Fineberg, Joshua (2000). Spectral Music: History and Techniques, p.69. (Overseas Publishers Association, published by license under the Harwood Academic Publishers imprint, ©2000) OCLC: 48862556. ISBN 978-90-5755-131-4.

[3] Sanderson, Blaire. "Tristan Murail: Gondwana; Désintégrations; Time and Again". Retrieved 3 March 2022.

[4] Fineberg (2000), p.108

[5] Fineberg (2000), p.128-129.

[6] "Murail Gondwana & Désintégrations", CompositionToday.com.

[7] Griffiths, Paul (2011). Modern Music and After, p.344. ISBN 978-0-19-974050-5.

[8] Grimley, Daniel M., ed. (2004). The Cambridge Companion to Sibelius, p.200. ISBN 978-0-521-89460-9.

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v t e Spectral music
Notable works	Voyage into the Golden Screen (1968) Stimmung (1968) Clang (1972) Partiels (1975) Gondwana (1980) Lonely Child (1980) Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco (1980) Trois airs pour un opéra imaginaire (1982) Vortex Temporum (1996) in vain (2000)
Composers	Clarence Barlow Hugues Dufourt Iancu Dumitrescu Péter Eötvös Johannes Fritsch Gérard Grisey Georg Friedrich Haas Jonathan Harvey Michaël Lévinas Mesías Maiguashca Tristan Murail Per Nørgård Horațiu Rădulescu Karlheinz Stockhausen James Tenney Anatol Vieru Claude Vivier La Monte Young
Techniques	Harmonic series Colors of noise Spectral envelope Fundamental frequency Microtonality Combination tones Just intonation
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