Goat Island (Hawaii)

Goat Island
Native name: Mokuʻauia
	Aerial view of Goat Island
Geography
Location	Oahu, Hawaii
Coordinates	21°39′43″N 157°55′28″W / 21.6618985°N 157.9244453°W
Area	13 acres (5.3 ha)
Highest elevation	15 ft (4.6 m)
Administration
	United States

Goat Island, also known as Mokuʻauia, is a flat islet consisting of lithified dunes in Laie Bay on the northeast shore of Oahu, Hawaii.^[1]^[2]^[3] The islet is separated from Malaekahana State Recreation Area by a 720 feet (220 m) channel of limestone reef shelf 1 metre (3.3 ft) underwater.^[4]^[5]^[6]

The islet is 13 acres (0.053 km²) in area with a maximum elevation of 15 feet (4.6 m).^[3]

The islet is a Hawaii State Seabird Sanctuary.^[3]

Wildlife and conservation efforts

Goat Island is home to 16 native plant species, including the federally endangered Sesbania tomentosa.^[4] It is a breeding ground for thousands of wedge-tailed shearwaters.

The islet contains invasive species, including black rats, fire ants, and big headed ants.^[1]^[4]^[7] Black rats were first documented on the islet in 1967 with multiple eradication attempts in the 1990s and 2000s.^[4] The elimination of the rats resulted in increased wedge-tailed shearwater reproduction.^[4]

The dunes of the islet are a designated State Seabird Sanctuary, but its three beaches remain accessible to the public and attract many people annually.^[4]^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b "Predator Control and Eradication". Pacific Rim Conservation. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
^ Kahawainui Stream, Island of Oahu, Harbors and Rivers in Hawaii, Environmental Impact Statement. 1983. p. 200.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on Five Petitions To List Seven Species of Hawaiian Yellow-faced Bees as Endangered" (PDF). Federal Register. 76 (172). Department of the Interior. 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Marie, Amarisa; VanderWerf, Eric A.; Young, Lindsay C.; Smith, David G.; Eijzenga, Jakob; Lohr, Michael T. (2014-05-14). "Response of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus) to Eradication of Black Rats (Rattus rattus) from Mokuʻauia Island after Reinvasion". Pacific Science. 68 (8).
^ Andrew Doughty (15 January 2015). Oahu Revealed: The Ultimate Guide To Honolulu, Waikiki & Beyond. Wizard Publications, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-9838887-9-6.
^ Richard McMahon (January 2003). Adventuring in Hawai'i. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 237–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2693-2.
^ "Hawaiʻi Conservation Conference, Part II: Islet Restoration in Hawaiʻi, Marianas". Retrieved 2017-04-30.
^ Sharon Hamblin (1 February 2011). Oahu's North Shore. Hunter Publishing, Inc. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-58843-996-3.

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[Pacific-1] "Predator Control and Eradication". Pacific Rim Conservation. Retrieved 2017-04-30.

[Stream-2] Kahawainui Stream, Island of Oahu, Harbors and Rivers in Hawaii, Environmental Impact Statement. 1983. p. 200.

[Federal-3] "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on Five Petitions To List Seven Species of Hawaiian Yellow-faced Bees as Endangered" (PDF). Federal Register. 76 (172). Department of the Interior. 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2017-04-30.

[PacSci-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Marie, Amarisa; VanderWerf, Eric A.; Young, Lindsay C.; Smith, David G.; Eijzenga, Jakob; Lohr, Michael T. (2014-05-14). "Response of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus) to Eradication of Black Rats (Rattus rattus) from Mokuʻauia Island after Reinvasion". Pacific Science. 68 (8).

[Doughty2015-5] Andrew Doughty (15 January 2015). Oahu Revealed: The Ultimate Guide To Honolulu, Waikiki & Beyond. Wizard Publications, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-9838887-9-6.

[McMahon2003-6] Richard McMahon (January 2003). Adventuring in Hawai'i. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 237–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2693-2.

[Conservation-7] "Hawaiʻi Conservation Conference, Part II: Islet Restoration in Hawaiʻi, Marianas". Retrieved 2017-04-30.

[Hamblin2011-8] Sharon Hamblin (1 February 2011). Oahu's North Shore. Hunter Publishing, Inc. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-58843-996-3.

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