The General of Ili (Chinese: 伊犁將軍; pinyin: Yīlí Jiāngjūn Officially 总统伊犁等处将軍), also known in western sources as the Kuldya Military Governor, was a position created during the reign of the Qing Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735-1799) to "pacify" Dzungaria (now part of Xinjiang) and suppress uprisings by the Khoja "Rebels". The General of Ili governed the entire Xinjiang during Qing rule until it was turned into a province.

History

Based in Huiyuan City (惠远城; now Huiyuan Town, Huocheng County),^[1] in the Qing delineated greater Xinjiang region in the northwest of China, the general was the senior military commander in the area.^[2] In 1759, Qing general Zhao Hui [zh] (Manchu: Zhaohuui) suppressed the Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas and reestablished Qing control over the western part of Xinjiang. As a result, in 1762 the Qing court established the position of General of Ili with Ming Rui as the first incumbent.^[2]

At the same time, the offices of Military Attache or Dūtǒng (都统) and Imperial Resident (駐紮大臣) were created under the general to manage military affairs north and south of the Tian Shan range of mountains. The northern circuit (天山北路) or Tarim Basin was administered by the Ili Ministerial Attache (伊犁参赞大臣), five Ministerial Leaders (领队大臣), a Tarbagatai Ministerial Attache (塔尔巴哈台参赞大臣) and a Minister of Affairs (办事兼领队大臣). In the south (天山南路) or Altishahr there was a General Minister for Altashahr Affairs (總理回疆事務参赞大臣) responsible for Kashgar, Ye 'erqiang (葉爾羌; now Yarkant County), Yingjisha'er (英吉沙尔; now Yengisar County), Uqturpan County, Aksu, Kuqa County, Hetian (和阗; now Hotan) and Kalash'er (喀喇沙尔 now Karasahr) amongst others. In the western circuit (东路 the Urumqi Military Command (乌鲁木齐都统) was responsible for Gucheng (Chinese: 古城; now Qitai County), Barköl Kazakh Autonomous County, Hamiting [zh] (now Hami City) and Ku'erkalawusu [zh] (now Wusu) among other locations.

In 1763, the Qianlong Emperor ordered the construction of the new city of Huiyuan on the north bank of the Ili River as a base for the General of Ili. Thereafter, Huiyuan became the capital of the Qing Xinjiang Region. A further eight fortified cities were then constructed across the Ili or Dzungarian Basin: Ningyuan City (宁远城; now Yining City), Huining City (惠宁城; now Bayandai Township edit

Name	Appointed	End date	Banner
Ming Rui	October 1762	March 1767	Bordered Yellow Banner
Agui	March 1767	April 1768	Bordered Blue Banner
Yi Letu [zh]	July 1768	October 1769	Plain White Banner
Yong Gui [zh]	October 1769	October 1770	Plain White Banner
Zeng Hai [zh]	October 1770	December 1770	Bordered Blue Banner Imperial Clan
Yi Letu	December 1770	July 1772	Plain White Banner
Shu Hede [zh]	October 1772	July 1774	Plain White Banner
Yi Letu	July 1774	June 1784	Plain White Banner
Ming Liang [zh]	June 1784	July 1784	Plain Yellow Banner
Hai Lu (海禄)	July 1784	August 1784	Plain Blue Banner
Yi Letu	August 1784	July 1793	Plain White Banner
Kui Lin [zh]	July 1793	September 1795	Bordered Yellow Banner
Yong Duo (永铎)	September 1795	November 1795	Bordered Blue Banner
Bao Ning	1795	1798
Ming Guang	1798	1799
Bao Ning	1799	1801
Songyun	1801	1801
Bao Ning	1801	1803
Songyun	1803	1810
Jin Chang	1810	1814
Songyun	1814	1818
Chang Ling	1818	1820
Gao Qi	1820
Qing Xiang	1820	1825
Deying'a	1825
Chang Ling	1825	1827
Deying'a	1828
Yu LIn	1828	1831
Teyishunbao	1831	1837
Yi Shan	1837	1839
Guan Fu	1839	1840
Buyantai	1840	1845
Shuxing'a	1845
Saying'a	1845	1850
Yi Shan	1854
Zhalafentai	1854	1856
Chang Qing	1856	1857
Zhalafentai	1857	1860
Chang Qing	1860	1864
Ming Xu	1864	1866
Li Yunlin	1866
Rong Quan	1866	1877
Jin Shun	1877	1886
Xi Lun	1886	1887
Selenga	1887	1891
Fuleminge	1891
Chang Geng	1891	1902
Ma Liang	1902	1906
Guang Fu	1906	1907
Chang Geng	1907	1909
Guang Fu	1909	1911
Zhi Rui	1911
Elehun	1911

See alsoedit

• Xinjiang under Qing rule

Notesedit

Referencesedit